The weaker sex? Vulnerable men and women's resilience to socio-economic disadvantage.
[2023-02-14 20:03:11]
Stanford University School of Medicine, Welch Road Room 1265, 5411, Stanford, CA 94305-5411, USA
Stanford University and NBER, Shorenstein Asia Pacific Research Center, FSI, 616 Serra Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, 5411, Stamford, CA 94305 - 5411, USA
Stanford University Economic Policy Institute and NBER, 366 Galvez Street, Stamford, CA 94305, USA
The gender difference of mortality rate varies with time and place. This is a function of social, healthy, medical environment. The magnitude of these changes and their response to a number of socioeconomic changes suggest that biological differences do not completely explain gender differences in survival. Using a series of mortality data from different countries, over time, we developed a set of empirical observations and any theory on male mortality and its relevance must be countered Hmm. We conclude that as society develops, M / F survival rate first declines, then rises, and that "gender gap in mortality shift" is embedded in demographic and epidemiological transitions . After this transition has begun, cross-sectional changes in male mortality consistently agree and women are more resistant to mortality in socioeconomic stress. The causal mechanism behind these associations deserves further research
Differences in socioeconomic status between men and women have a major impact on the spread of HIV, especially women and girls. Due to cultural norms and early marriage, the vulnerability to infection by young girls is even higher. Inadequate communication on sexual issues may limit the ability to negotiate safer practices and maintain women with dangerous relationships. Socio-economic issues may limit women's access to counseling and treatment. In this form, women do not own their own property or obtain economic resources, but rely on husbands, fathers, brothers and sons to support them. Without resources, women are vulnerable to sexual violence and the threat of violence also limits women's ability to protect themselves from HIV and AIDS.
L O S S N S L E A R N E D O R O S V E N G H E A L T H - C A R S S E S S N N D P R A C S S S S S SSS S S S S SSS SS H S S H S L H S H S H H L R R N R 0
It is physiologically unfair to designate women as weaker gender. The natural sex ratio at birth tends to be male, but the first few years of birth is more likely than girls to die as soon as possible. Women live longer than men, and they recover soon as they become sick. Science did not find a reason. Male brain is 8-13% bigger than female brain. In the 19th century, people thought men would be smarter. Many studies have shown that sex difference of cognitive skills and motor skills is very small or absent since then. When differences are discovered, they do not always support homosexuality and may change with time. For example, in some countries, I am more good at math than boys than girls. In the United States, the proportion of men and women who are extremely talented in mathematics dramatically declined since the 1970s. Like other organs, the size of the brain is proportional to the size of the male body.