Assessment of Households' Vulnerability to Food Insecurity and Determinant Factors in Developning Countries: The Case of Ethiopia

Empirical research shows that access to appropriate and adequate food in developing countries is unstable, suggesting that households or individuals are food-safe at any time. However, the approach that is widely used for food safety analysis is mainly concerned with current food access and fails to provide decision-makers with information on future prospects. At the same time, sub-Saharan African countries and most Ethiopian countries are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity because of their low risk management capabilities, especially due to multiple stress factors and weak asset base.

Chronic (or permanent) food insecurity is defined as a sustained shortage of food over a long period of time. In this case, families often face the risk that they can not get food to meet the needs of everyone. Chronic and temporary food insecurity are interrelated as short-term recurrence of food security can make households more susceptible to chronic food insecurity. In many countries food shortage and distribution problems continue. This has resulted in chronic hunger and widespread hunger among many people. A population group can cope with chronic hunger and malnutrition by shrinking the physique. This is medically known as growth inhibition or growth inhibition. When the mother is malnourished and lasts about three years after birth, the process begins in the womb. It leads to an increase in infant and child mortality, but far below the mortality rate at time of famine

Data on the long-term situation of household food insecurity in dry easier areas in northern Ethiopia also show that although data on children is limited, it can be used to infer the impact on economic and food crisis mortality it can. These data show that the vulnerability of households to the food crisis is closely related to the total deaths (24). Between drought and famine, an increase in the period from 1989 to 1993, and 1994 was observed. Interestingly, the number of deaths related to starvation / starvation during the Great Ethiopian famine of 1984-1985 was much more, diseases were a more common cause between 1989 and 1994. The data also indicate that death is concentrated in a group of young people from 1 to 4 years old to 5 to 9 years old and that children are more vulnerable to vulnerable periods to these families It is shown (24). The mortality rate of children aged 1 to 4 is four times higher than expected, estimated to be 90/1000 (25).

The effect of economic crisis on the mortality rate of children and rise in food prices: Exploring nutritional pathways 1-3