Survivorship: Changes in Citizen´s Age of Death

In the past 150 years, the United States experienced the industrial revolution, which brought about a change in the age of death of the citizen. The relative influence of factors such as diseases and accidents has changed. By considering the number of deaths within a certain period of time, you can determine the survival curve by sex for 10 years. As long as the individuals participating in the study face the same change throughout their life, they can collect the date of birth and death of men and women and derive the results based on these mortality rates.

In order to investigate the collected data, we create a survival curve representing age-specific mortality. The first of the three survival curves showed a high survival rate in the early individuals but high mortality rates in the elderly. The second curve shows a constant mortality rate. The third type of survival curve is characterized by high mortality in infancy and few adults. Let's say we can see the first type of curve. The number of deaths in each section x is recorded as dx. The number of people who survived to x years old is l'x. The number of individuals who survived per 1000 individuals and died by the age of class x were recorded as 1 x and m x, respectively. Plot the survival rate and age to create a survival curve (Figure 3). Furthermore, the mortality curve (Figure 4) compares the relationship between mortality and age. In order to investigate whether it relates to the mortality rate of male and female, Kolmoglov-Smirnov test was conducted.

There are three kinds of survival curves that can be analyzed. The type 1 curve shows that the initial mortality rate is low and many people live older. According to the United Nations' report worldwide, absolute numbers and proportions of elderly people worldwide are increasing, as the world has seen unprecedented changes in population structure, which will affect future curves . Type 2 curves provide information on stable mortality. Type 3 shows that the initial mortality rate is the highest, and that few people live in elderly people.

The influenza mortality curve at the age of death is U-shaped for at least 150 years (Fig. 2), it shows the peak of mortality rate of elderly people and the mortality rate is relatively low. In contrast, the relative mortality rate of pandemics in 1918 showed a clear pattern that was not recorded before and after. The peak of apparent death among young people between 20 and 40 years old. For example, the mortality rate of influenza and pneumonia between the ages of 15 and 34 between 1918 and 1919 was 20 times the previous year (35). Overall, almost half of influenza-related deaths from 1918 world epidemics occurred among young people between the ages of 20 and 40. This fashion is unique.