Is Particulate Matter Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity/Mortality?

There are numerous literature showing the relationship between particulate matter and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in the elderly (Koken et al, 2003). The particulate matter is defined as any particle with a size of 10 microns (<10 μm PM 10) or 2 microns ± 5 μm (<5 μm PM 2.5) formed from solid particles and droplets. Most particulate matter is formed by entry into the vehicle, industrial process or wood burning. Furthermore, it has been suggested that measuring ultrafine particulate matter of 5 microns or less is more harmful to health than particles with large aerodynamic diameter.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and has a major impact not only on health care but also on economic and social impacts. In 2030, 23.3 million people worldwide are estimated to die from cardiovascular disease due to global cardiovascular disease. CVD includes diseases with various causes and characteristics. There are acute symptoms such as chronic diseases induced by myocardial infarction or genetic mutation. Classical treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as physical therapy and medical treatment is not enough to repair damaged cardiovascular tissue and only slows the progression of cardiovascular disease

In particular, reducing cardiovascular disease is a priority. Type 2 diabetes is associated with many complications including nerve, kidney and eye damage, but the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease are equivalent to an order of magnitude. In short, most people with diabetes die of cardiovascular disease. UK's prospective diabetes research, UKPDS will be a research to prove the advantages of intensive glycemic control. Nearly 4,000 newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups. One person follows conventional therapy and goals and the other group receives a group of sulfonylurea, metformin or insulin booster therapy

Despite morbidity and mortality associated with retinopathy, nephropathy and neurological disorders, cardiovascular disease remains a major cause of death in type 2 diabetes (6, 7). Therefore, treatment of multiple risk factors for obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia is important and should be coordinated with good glycemic control in order to reduce the overall mortality of type 2 diabetic patients (6 - 11). Based on the relationship between glycemic control and microvascular complications and the contribution of hyperglycemia to the development of macrovascular disease, the purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge and provide a reasonable basis for treatment is. Type 2 diabetes