Sustainable development, a new way of urbanization
[2023-03-02 13:44:02]
Introduction Urbanization has become a buzzword in the past few decades and it is expanding at an astounding rate. Urban growth rate in developing countries is projected to reach 93% by 2020 (Elliot J. A, 1999). In general, more than half of the world's people migrate to cities, a series of "things" closely related to people's lives are born and dramatically changing dramatically. During this period, another recent buzzword, sustainable development, has entered the vision of people and gradually became the mainstream of social development.
However, sustainable development is a controversial concept. In the 2004 study, Wheeler defined sustainable urban development as "improving long-term social and ecological health of urban development." He outlines the characteristics of "sustainable development" cities: compact and efficient land use, reduced use of cars, better access, efficient use of resources, reduction of pollution and waste , Recovery of natural system, good dwelling and living environment. Social ecology, sustainable economy, participation and participation in local communities, and protection of local culture and wisdom. City planning personnel are promoting sustainable urban models such as cities that take into consideration the impact on the environment, such as energy, water use, minimization of waste and pollution emissions.
As population continues to increase and urbanize at unprecedented speeds, new urbanization and smart growth techniques have been implemented to create a transition to a development environment, economically and socially sustainable cities. Intelligent growth and new urbanism principles include walking, combined use development, comfortable high density design, land protection, social equity, and economic diversity. The multipurpose community aims for high end through affordable housing for promoting social equity, reducing dependence on automobiles for fossil fuel use, and promoting regional economies. The per capita GDP of the easy-to-walk community is 38% higher than the low-mobility city subway (Leinberger, Lynch). By combining economic, environmental, and social sustainability, cities are more equitable and resilient than the expansion of cities that use the land too much, promote the use of cars, and economically isolate the population There will be, it will be attractive.
In the sense of sustainable architecture, the recent neoclassical building movement is promoting a sustainable urban building approach that highly evaluates and develops intelligent growth, walking, architectural tradition, and classical design. This is in sharp contrast to modernism and short-lived worldwide unified architecture, as well as contrast with isolated areas of residential areas and suburban areas. These two trends began in the 1980s. New urbanist critics believe that their environmental aspects are too focused on traffic and excessive mobility of individuals. The unsustainable reality of contemporary cities is not just a car but too much driving - it concerns the metabolism of the entire city (less than half of the total ecological footprint, the greenhouse gas emissions / Carbon footprint).