The main ethical question raised in the Adelphia Communications litigation is that the Rigas family acts in a morally meaningful way by lying and stealing, causing public distrust, or their actions against investors Whether it is morally acceptable as prevention or not. Negative Impact We will verify the first act committed first. John Rigas may argue that he tried to protect his investor by lying to the company's financial situation to increase existing capital and future profits. Moral Papers - Kant Ethics. Explanation of Kant's liability concept Emmanuel Kant is a German philosopher focused on creating a logical and absolute moral theory and does not change according to circumstances, John Rock and the others . An empiricist at the time. His ethics is based on responsibility, not the final product of action. His theory is very important, he thinks it can be compared with the Copernicus revolution. Kant's ethic is used as a (predominantly worthy) label of Kant's moral lineage but a series of contemporary moral standings different from Canto. His work is difficult and systematic. Understanding them helps to divide the study into three categories: his writings, work of early critics, and modern work strongly influenced by Kant. For the most part of this section I will explain the ethical aspects of Hum's ethics Kant, but I would like to start with a brief overview of Kant's mature moral philosophy. This is done by explaining five important functions for Kant's ethics. This helps to take this into account when dealing with Kant 's response to Hume' s ethics. Second, Kant's concept of autonomy is one of the more central, unique and influential aspects of his ethics. Kant defines autonomy as "an attribute of will" and itself is a law (it is independent from the attribute of the object of will) "(G 4: 440). According to Kant, it is autonomous because the will of the moral actor gives moral law to itself (which is self-legal) and can bind or motivate himself to comply with the law.

He was the fourth child of the nine children of Johann Georg and Anna Regina Kant and was born in Königsberg, East Prussia in 1724. The son of a saddle who does not stand out, whose families belong to the Protestant religious group and religion is very important in every aspect of their lives. Kant is critical of formal religion, but still admires the believers' actions. Kant went to Primary School at St. George Hospital Hospital and then went to Collegium Fredericia Num, Phoenician School he studied from 1732 to 1740. Emmanuel Kant - German philosopher Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804) is considered one of the founder of Western philosophy. In 1781, Kant is better than the opinion that a certain doctrine or other authority logical thinking, wrote a "reasonable criticism" to support the idea of ​​scientific logic and rational way of thinking. Bertrand Russell - British philosopher, mathematician, and Bertrand Russell (1872-1970, the third generation Russell Earl Russell Earl) to support the scientific method of Kant, knowledge is believed to be the "belief that consistent with the fact." It was. He claims that there is not enough just to believe that there is no evidence, but instead, whether there is a fact support that is accurate agreement, and Who should check whether to agree (1926). Kantoism is a philosophical theory created by a man named Emmanuel Kant. According to Emmanuel Kant or Kantism, his theory emphasizes the modern position and deals with spiritual philosophy, epistemology and ethics. In 1948, Gamou predicted that large nuclear synthetic radiation should still be filled in the universe. In Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Emmanuel Kant German philosopher an influential, the "pure rational criticism" is tied to reason and experience, we are trying to philosophical ones. Discussions between rationalists and empiricists have left. Kant's philosophy affects future German idealists and philosophers such as Shelling and Schopenhauer. John Locke (1632-1704) Locke is a leading philosopher and political theorist who has had a great influence on generous political thought. He is believed to have several ideas like a social contract - you need to get the idea that the government is agreed by rulers. Locke also claims liberty, religious tolerance, and life and property rights. Locke is an influential figure like Jefferson, Madison, and Voltaire for those involved in the American and French revolution.

Kant's seamstress 1 Kant began to distinguish between two types of knowledge, experience / rationality and form / material. Knowledge based on experience or experience contrasts with reasonable knowledge that is independent of experience. The difference between empirical knowledge and rational knowledge depends on the difference in the sources of evidence used to support two different knowledge. It is formally in contrast with material knowledge. There is no particular subject in formal knowledge; it is the general structure of thinking about every subject. By analyzing the definition of Enlightenment by Immanuel Cond and Moses Mendelssohn, this article reveals that Kant's Enlightenment interpretation is based on the concept of freedom about the ability to overcome primarily immature and inner fear I will. Especially discussing enlightenment through religion, Kant proposed two main concepts that constitute his vision - rationality of "private use" and "open use". The interpretation of Mendelssohn's enlightenment reflects the close relationship between enlightenment and culture, but the difference between "citizen's enlightenment" and "human enlightenment" by philosophers is the difference between being a citizen and being a person . Kant and Mendelssohn stuck to the public and private aspects in understanding enlightenment, but their explanation was quite different. When philosophers discussed the arrival of Age of Enlightenment, the difference between Kant and Mendelssohn was even stronger. According to Moses Mendelssohn, the enlightenment era will rarely come. Because, in the history, human beings are moving forward and backward, hindering the further development of mankind. Moses believed that individuals could gain some understanding, but the whole human race created certain limitations and laws for both religion and the state, hindering the process of enlightenment. In his analysis of understanding, Kant expressed another view; in particular, he insisted that human beings always progress in development. Philosophers acknowledge certain restrictions and obstacles, but he points out that these restrictions may only slow down the process of enlightenment, but they can not completely destroy it. In his essay "What is Enlightenment?" Immanuel Kant defines enlightenment as "the rise of mankind from the immaturity imposed by himself" (Kant, 1). In order to fully understand this definition, you first need to understand Kant's "immature" meaning. In writing, Kant defines immaturity as "you can not use your own understanding without guiding others" (Kant, 1). The famous word of Adam Smith proves what people need most in the Illuminati, namely the free market economy and the public service. In fact, Adam Smith is a Scottish economist who has an influence on the government and is trying to persuade rulers to meet the needs and needs of the people.

Emmanuel Kant is known as the "father" of moral ethics. It is also known as cantism and provides a complex interpretation of morality. His philosophy embodies the submission of a person's maxim, and as long as his motive is unconditional, I think he is good whatever the external reasons. This saying is called individual's own duty or duty to individuals or others, and if it applies to all, it applies to world law. Kantoism is a philosophical theory created by a man named Emmanuel Kant. According to Emmanuel Kant or Kantism, his theory emphasizes the modern position and deals with spiritual philosophy, epistemology and ethics. In 1948, Gamou predicted that large nuclear synthetic radiation should still be filled in the universe. Immanuel Kant was born in Königsberg, East Prussia in 1724. Kant's grandfather moved from Scotland to East Prussia and even his father spelled their last name as "Cant". Kant's father was a saddle maker (craftsman), Kant was unable to go to the university. Kant's parents belong to so-called pious factions, a strict and devout Christian school, and Emanuel is strongly influenced by this kind of thinking. After graduating from college in 1746, Emmanuel Kant needs to be a mentor of wealthy family children for 9 years. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Emmanuel Kant is an influential German philosopher, whose "pure rational critique" ties the reasons and experiences into philosophical thought. Discussions between rationalists and empiricists have left. Kant's philosophy affects future German idealists and philosophers such as Shelling and Schopenhauer. John Locke (1632-1704) Locke is a leading philosopher and political theorist who has had a great influence on generous political thought. He is believed to have several ideas like a social contract - you need to get the idea that the government is agreed by rulers. Locke also claims liberty, religious tolerance, and life and property rights. Locke is an influential figure like Jefferson, Madison, and Voltaire for those involved in the American and French revolution. Emmanuel Kant - German philosopher Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804) is considered one of the founder of Western philosophy. In 1781, Kant wrote "a rational critique" that supports the idea of ​​scientific logic and rational thought methods, which makes logical thinking better than doctrine and other authoritative opinions. Bertrand Russell - British philosopher, mathematician, and Bantrand Russell (1872-1970, Episcopal Russell, 3rd) to support the scientific method of Kant believe that knowledge is "a belief consistent with facts" It was. He insists that it is not enough to believe that there is no evidence and instead should check whether there are correct and agreed supporting facts and who agrees (1926).

Kant: The metaphysical interpretation of space explains and evaluates the best argument Kant thinks of his "metaphysical game of space" (B 37 - 40). Things (concept of Leibnizian). In other words, he insisted that the space must be in an (at least) intuitive form. Both of his arguments suggest that the space is not a Newton or Leibniz but a mere intuition. We may return to Leibniz 's initial explanation of time and space position criticism, which appeared before Kantt started the metaphysical space fair. He asked about the spacetime: "They just decide whether they are things, but will they belong to things even if they are not intuitive?" (A 23 / B 38). This may indicate that Kant thought Leibniz people thought that space and time had "absolute reality". Perhaps he meant that for Leibniz, space has reality that does not depend on intuition, or that space exists independently of instinct itself. But then, what does this idea explain in more detail? Kant explains two things about space and time: metaphysics and transcendental. Metaphysical details of space and time focus on clarifying how these intuitions are known independently of experience. A priori discussion tries to show how to apply metaphysical conclusions to enrich our understanding. In transcendental discourse, Kant reminds me of his metaphysical details. If space and time are not pure transcendental instincts, science will be impossible. He asks the reader to accept the proposition "I can not put space or put numbers on two lines" and then attempts to derive this proposition from the concepts of the second and the second line. His conclusion is that it is totally impossible (A 47 - 48 / B 65) Kant 's metaphysical exposition of the so - called spatial concept presents the first argument of transcendental aesthetics. Kant defines the concept of "explanation" as follows. "I understand what concepts are through (if not clear) detailed explanations. (A23 / B38) Through the concept of this context (Begriff), I simply want to express the form of expressions I use Kant 1. The universe is not an empirical concept derived from external experience

Hume's ultimate goal in his philosophical effort is to weaken the esoteric philosophy. By focusing on a rational aspect, Hume shows that philosophy has limitations. As he does not know the limit he suggests that he use as many reasons as he can, but when he comes to the border this is the limit. He doubts that we have to research reason and find something beyond reasonable capacity. Hume started his first exam by classifying its contents as perception. The ethics of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) are in stark contrast to the ethics of David Hume (1711-1776). Hume's moral philosophical approach is experimental and empirical; Kant emphasizes the need to establish a moral foundation in transcendentalism. Hume said that the reason is just "slave of passion", while Kant establishes morality with the concept of his own concept. Hume considers the feelings of kindness and generosity as a correct moral motive and Kant saw the motive of responsibility - Hume usually regards it as the motive of second best or recession, thus giving a devotion to morality that gives special morality Uniquely represent. Value is conveyed to action. Although the moral views of Kant and Hume are hostile to each other in many ways, there is also an important relationship between them. After the break, the philosopher Emmanuel Conde started reforming metaphysics. Kant believes that metaphysics is impossible if Hume is right. However, Kant did not want to give way to Hume 's skepticism, so Kant began to criticize the possibility to explore and reform metaphysics. Kant began to criticize the quest for 'transcendental' knowledge in philosophy. Kant began looking for the "transcendental" principle that can reasonably be inferred to explain why he thinks it can not be detected. Kant believes that the only way we can get the necessary and universal thing is through 'a priori'. Kant found that the notion of causality is not the only concept to understand things 'a priori' but the metaphysics confirmed to consist completely of these concepts. (8) Kant argues that Hume 's view is that mathematical propositions are analyzed? It is totally different. ~ 1 1 If Hume uses Kant's term when discussing Hume, it means that the knowledge of mathematics is a priori! Indeed, as we learned from paragraph 2, this term is not strange for Hume; for CeUsal, Hume says. Regardless of any exception, knowledge of this relationship can not be obtained by a priori reasoning under any circumstances, but when it is found that specific objectives are often combined with each other, is. Make sure that things are presented to those with strong natural rationality and ability; if things are new to him, he will cause some cause or influence by the most accurate test of his reasonable quality You will not be able to find it either. (E 2 7) It is mathematics to rest here

When comparing Kant and Mill's work, the lack of Kant and Mill uses reason as the ultimate benefit that wisdom (using Kant's term) and general understanding and certainty, as Mill said. I expressed my idea. Although the two political philosophers are trying to achieve the same goal, they eventually showed that they achieved the goal in different ways and ultimately mean that the goal is slightly different. The way to Muruton's certainty and understanding depends on various opinions, is an asymptotic approach to the truth, clearly described by Kant, like the end of an individual on a straight road It will never reach full enlightenment. Comparative papers focus on similarities between papers. For example, you may be asked to reasonably compare the roles of Kant and Mill. So let's explain the similarities between the two in this article. On the other hand, contrast and paper differ in contrast and opinion between the two writers, but what is the difference between the two? It is normal for your professor to ask you to write one, but I apologize for how confused this is, they usually mean both. The best way is to ask what the professor is seeking. When comparing Kant and Mill's idea, I learned that Mill's work is more reasonable. When thinking about various definitions of morality in society, I find Kant's view that we are hard to accept morality through rationality and morality. Mill is building his idea on a very simple idea that humans seek happiness and try to avoid suffering; therefore, your actions provide the greatest pleasure for most people If you are, you are moral. Kant argues that he is not opposed to happiness, but I think it is far more important than responsibility. Compare the ethic theory of mills and Kant; this will make the social order better. John Stuart Mill (1808-73) believed that moral theory is called Utilitarianism. There are many expressions in this theory. One of them is that "Everyone acts like this and makes all participants balance the utmost good and evil." But good is a relative term. what would you like. Utilitarians are opposed to this problem. Mill distinguishes between happiness and pure sensory pleasure. - Emmanuel Kant's "foundation of moral metaphysics" and John Stuart Mill's utilitarian Emmanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are both philosophers, they are moral and they form a traditional form It solves moral problems. Immanuel Kant presented an argument to "the foundation of moral metaphysics" based on his belief that human value is inherent in inferring ability.

Emmanuel Kant defines enlightenment as "the rise of mankind from his immaturity" in his essay "What is enlightenment?" (Kant, 1). In order to fully understand this definition, you first need to understand Kant's "immature" meaning. In writing, Kant defines immaturity as "you can not use your own understanding without guiding others" (Kant, 1). In addition, Kant believes that this immaturity is self-determination and believes that the lack of courage and determination to think of himself is a personal negligence, but let others think and understand. What is enlightenment? Since the German philosopher Emanuel Conde initially raised this question in 1784, this question has generated countless answers in the past two and half and a half centuries. According to the history of the Kantian period, from the 17th century to the 18th century, human growth in intellectual maturity. Through emphasis on scientific research and rational discussion, Kant et al. Can finally think of human beings not by relying on the authority of the church, the Greek philosopher, or other sources revealing the truth I assert. Immanuel Kant explains in his article "What is Enlightenment?" Describes the nature of Enlightenment and how it is generally communicated. According to Kant, "Enlightenment is the liberation of man from self-monitoring." Through this, Kant means that enlightenment refers to those who can use his understanding without the guidance of other people. Kant believes that the age of enlightenment is an era in which human society is released from the essence of liberation. However, Kant pointed out that we were born again as a guardian when we were young, and it was okay. Furthermore, we should revitalize our rational capacity after releasing this need naturally. Kant 's revelation advances society through free activities of rational thought and intellectual evaluation. In the age of enlightenment, the public will be able to manage the freedom they give. However, Kant argues that we live in "the age of enlightenment", not living in "the age of enlightenment". Through this statement, he means that the age of enlightenment will be the era when we overcome all self-monitoring. Also in his article, Kant distinguishes official and private rationality. He said, "The reason for the public use of a person must always be free, it can only bring human understanding." In doing so, the author wishes to make progress on public use of the reason I believe that. Kant believes that rational personal use is considered to be "a specific civil status placed on him or a reason to use it in the workplace."

Kant and Mill's Theory In July 1994, a former Presbyterian pastor Paul J. Hill was killed by abortion doctor John Britton and a volunteer James Barrett outside the clinic. It was shown. Pensacola in Florida. Prior to this, Hill commented on the murder of another abortion doctor, Dr. David Ganger, pointed out that this is "Biblical Scripture Murder" (p. 215). This statement shows how strong Hill's faith is, and makes people feel that they do not regret Britton and Barrett's murder. When Kant holds the theory of rationalism, Mill has an empirical theory. Kant is morally ethical in the form he believes, it is necessary for practical judgment of freedom and reason. Utilitarian theory of Miller is a kind of resultism. Because the correctness and badness of behavior depends on the outcome. Kant's pure ethics is the basis of his absolute command and provides the basis for his theory of universal duty. Utilitarian theory of Miller is the main form of resultantism The fundamental principles of John Mill's utilitarianism and Emanuel Kant's moral metaphysics suggest different views of the two philosophers about the field of moral philosophy. Compared to Kant 's metaphysical segmentation and its use in proof of validity and error, Mill' s utilitarianism is a more sophisticated ethical theory. Kant takes his confirmation of metaphysical survival as discipline of his moral philosophy. If the law has moral power it will be the foundation. John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham are recognized as founder of Utilitarianism. Contrary to Kant 's moral theory, Utilitarians oppose the majority of Kant' s theory. Kant believes that the intention of action should be regarded as moral or immoral, but J.S Mill and Bentham will say that this is the result of actions actually determining ethics. Mueller tried to solve the battle between good and evil through moral theory based on "Utilitarianism" theory, "the greatest happiness for most people". Mill thinks that behavior is proportional to the amount of morally correct or created happiness. He defines happiness as happy and painless and believes that happiness is the sole basis of morality.

Although Kant's moral theory is based on Tim's argument, unless it is said that Kant's contribution is the main philosophical field is incomplete (205). He added that this was influenced by his originality, a subtle way and the difficulty of work. Timmons believes that the moral requirement is a rational requirement, which is the ideology of Kant's moral theory, therefore unethical behavior is infringement of rational behavior. Therefore, in Kant's term, moral requirements can be derived from the highest moral principles as they are regarded as rational classification commands (CI). Kant's moral theory develops mainly on the idea that ethical behavior and behavior according to reason are one thing. Because it is a reasonable agent (ie due to rationality of practice, interest and goal-oriented rationality), people are obliged to obey the prescribed moral rules for practical reasons. Otherwise it is unreasonable behavior. Kant focused on the responsibility of being a reasonable actor who knows a moral law, so Kant's theory was considered morality (from Greek's "duty" or "duty") Kant's moral theory is the core concept of autonomy. Most readers believe that Kant believes autonomy is a reasonable intention or property of an agent. In Kant's view, understanding the concept of autonomy is the key to understanding and prove that moral requirements are important to our authority. Just as Rousseau's view influences Kant, freedom is not limited by any law and is limited by some law. Therefore, the concept of freedom as autonomy exceeds the sense that it is simply "negative", that is, the sense that it is released from actions outside of you. It initially contains the concept of law developed and enacted by itself, and along with it the law with its own decisive authority This section explained Kant's view (5c) that the structure and content of Kant's moral theory (5a-b), and the beliefs of freedom, immortality of God and the soul are an inevitable "hypothesis" of practical reasons It is aimed to do. (Please refer to 7c below for the relationship between Kant's moral theory and its aesthetic theory.) Kant said, "Foundations of moral metaphysics" (1785) and "Critique of practical reasons" (" Critique "). The discussion he got from the basic work is his most famous and influential, so the following focuses on them. Kant advocated his moral theory with three major works published in the last 20 years of his life: the foundation of moral metaphysics (1785), the critique of practical reasons (1788), and Moral metaphysics (1797). First, the foundation is most influential, and our discussion on Kant 's absolute order will come mainly to the Lord. It will help to understand his influence, to understand why Kant designed the absolute command he did. In many cases, the main influence of key philosophers requires a detective. The scholar can find out where the great philosopher is educated and what kind of sentences are used in the school. They may organize the personal letter of the philosopher to arrange the book he read. They may also discover the contents of the philosopher's private library by examining his real estate sales records after his death. In the case of Kant, it is easy to find out his influence.

The pursuit of life, freedom, and happiness is an indication that everyone should enjoy basic freedom. The fact that people have reasoning abilities requires autonomy. Inference will help the world move towards an ideal society. We claim that humans are independent from other animal species using reason. Because he can choose his own way of life, human thought creates all the differences. However, this natural gift brings negative factors that everyone must face. For philosophers like Spinoza and Emmanuel Kant, "freedom of speech" means freedom of knowledge to participate mainly in exchange discussions opened. In 1784, five years before the French Revolution, Kant argued that "freedom to openly use their reasons" is a basic and equal right of everyone or citizen. Likewise, when Mill wrote "freedom" less than a century ago, he defended freedom of speech, defended the "Freedom of Thought and Discussion" as an individual and pursued the truth. To these thinkers, the freedom of equal isigoria is still essential, but their attention is not limited to actual remarks, ie participation in solving and discussing other physical actions, reasonable psychological exercises and ideas and arguments We will move on to the exchange of. , Often printing There are two kinds freely. Freedom (negative freedom) and freedom (positive freedom). The division of freedom into this binary framework can be traced back to Kant, which he at least described in detail in his 1941 work "Escape from Freedom" at Isaiah Berlin's 1958 paper "Two Freedoms". It is known for concepts and explores Charles Taylor more modernly. These philosophers and thinkers often use these two different freedoms to discuss and discuss the role of government in civic life. But today, we would like to explore ways to think about the difference between freedom and freedom. It will help us to better understand our personal development and travel from boys to men. Kant has many reasons to believe that freedom is essential to morality. First of all, freedom is essential for moral responsibility. For example, when we are responsible for personal behavior against accusations, we avoid "such behavior" and "condemn" to condemn the individual against not properly exercising this ability To do. "We must judge that judgment of condemnation is based on the law of reason, that it can treat it as ... and should judge that the behavior of the person is not the cause" (A 555 / B 583). Second, Kant believes that "moral law immediately determines the will" is essential for moral behavior (Proverbs 5:71). As Hume said, if the will of a man must be required by her situation and experience, the moral law requires that Hume respond appropriately because it requires that Hume does not support pure thought and motivation It is impossible. This is the true cornerstone of Kant's moral thought (Guyer 2000: 203)

Kant's Maxim says, "Neither one nor the other always acts to deal with humans, not just a purpose, not just a means." Kant's views are directly related, and they all come to mind at the same time. The first is "rationality of the final proving means" and "what can not be proved to be a possible means". Study these two views related to Kant's saying and discuss issues of suicide assistance, euthanasia, death penalty and the use of people for our own purposes. In order to understand Kant's moral philosophy, we need to explain some terms and assumptions. First, Kant believes that we will take actions whenever we make a decision. Maxim is Kant's intentional version. They are personal principles that guide us in our decisions. All of our decisions have some sayings and other principles behind them. Second, moral is a set of principles applied to all people and applied to all. Third, Kant said the ability for us to make choices and decisions is 'will.' He believes that our will is reasonable, that is, it can be chosen based on reason. It is not just acting instinctively. We can act according to your choice, we can think about what to choose with inference The philosophy of the great German philosopher Immanuel Kant in the late 1700s was the foundation of almost all philosophical development since then. Kant's philosophy is called Critical Philosophy or Transcendental Philosophy. Hume's skeptical philosophy spurred Kant's attempt to achieve a combination of rationalism and empiricism. In his "critique of pure reason" (1781), Kant will provide a critical explanation for the power and limitations of human reasons to determine what is known and what is not known will do. Kant's conclusion is that reasoning only provides knowledge about what we see and not about things themselves. Kant believes that not only the facts of the facts presented by the senses but also the mind plays an active role in understanding. Ideas do this through basic categories or understanding These categories or forms of understanding are independent of experience. Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804) German philosopher. Kant's "critique of pure reason" tries to combine reason from experiences between reason and empiricism to experience and to remove philosophy. Kant's philosophy affects future German idealists and philosophers such as Shelling and Schopenhauer. Thomas Paine (1737-1809) British and American writers and political activists. He is an avid supporter of American independence. Pain wrote many articles to support Republican ideals. This had a major impact on the revolution in America and France. The noteworthy works are as follows. Human rights (1791)

Whether humans really have free will or whether their lives are completely decided is decided. This free will problem continues to be a place of philosophical debate forever. Many great philosophers tried to answer this question, but none of them answered as much as Immanuel Kant. He put the foundation of his argument in the foreword of the future metaphysics. In response to David Hume 's skepticism, Kant wrote this method, so Kant made a more resolute attempt to metaphysics. Thus, Kant 's irrationalism in its formulation was a combination of sentimentalism and Kant' s non conceptualism applicable to Kant 's practical agent theory. Or, in other words, for Kant, free choice and autonomy will come not only from the minds of human being but also from the mind, understanding or intelligence, and as long as they come from the human mind, they can come directly from the heart, not indirectly It is as much as possible. Concept, conscious consideration, mediation by propositional reasoning or reasoning Reasonable human condition 3, deep freedom and real people: metaphysical studies, Section 3.3 - Practice - Freedom of Life: Kant non-intellectualism Kant believes that there are no exceptions in the responsibility of not lying for two main reasons. Kant believes that human beings include dignity and essential value, free will and moral behavior. The reason why Kant does not tell a lie is based on his view on the intrinsic value of man and the free will. The first is about how the lies will affect ourselves and the second reason is about how the lies will affect others. First, Kant believes that when people tell a lie they are violating their dignity and intrinsic value (Rachels & Rachels, 2011, pp. 137-138). A lie conflicts with his moral, moral, and essential values. Furthermore, lying is likely to be influenced by liars, so it may hinder the ability to make reasonable choices about free will. Kant opened the third part by defining the will as the reason for our action. Kant believes that having will and reason is one thing, and having free will mean having the will to be influenced by external forces. This is a negative definition of freedom - we are telling us that freedom is freedom determined by foreign powers. But Kant also advocates a positive definition of freedom. Kant believes that free will give him certain laws - it sets its own purpose and has special causal power to achieve them. Free will is the intention that ordinary natural laws can achieve their actions in a different way than doing things. According to Kant, law is necessary to act. Actions not based on law are arbitrary, and we can not call motivation. Because free will is not only driven by external forces, external forces will not provide laws for free will.

Immanuel Kant 1724-1804 Immanuel Kant was born in Königsberg, East Prussia on April 22, 1724. He is the son of Sadr. At the age of 8, he entered the Latin college Collegium Fredericianum, where he spent eight and a half years and studied the classics. He then entered Königsberg University in 1740 to study philosophy, mathematics and physics. His father's death stopped his university life, so he became a personal tutor. In 1755, he returned to Königsburg and later resumed his study. Emmanuel Kant - German philosopher Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804) is considered one of the founder of Western philosophy. In 1781, Kant wrote "a rational critique" that supports the idea of ​​scientific logic and rational thought methods, which makes logical thinking better than doctrine and other authoritative opinions. Bertrand Russell - British philosopher, mathematician, and Bantrand Russell (1872-1970, Episcopal Russell, 3rd) to support the scientific method of Kant believe that knowledge is "a belief consistent with facts" It was. He insists that it is not enough to believe that there is no evidence and instead should check whether there are correct and agreed supporting facts and who agrees (1926). Kantoism is a philosophical theory created by a man named Emmanuel Kant. According to Emmanuel Kant or Kantism, his theory emphasizes the modern position and deals with spiritual philosophy, epistemology and ethics. In 1948, Gamou predicted that large nuclear synthetic radiation should still be filled in the universe. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Emmanuel Kant is an influential German philosopher, whose "pure rational critique" ties the reasons and experiences into philosophical thought. Discussions between rationalists and empiricists have left. Kant's philosophy affects future German idealists and philosophers such as Shelling and Schopenhauer. John Locke (1632-1704) Locke is a leading philosopher and political theorist who has had a great influence on generous political thought. He is believed to have several ideas like a social contract - you need to get the idea that the government is agreed by rulers. Locke also claims liberty, religious tolerance, and life and property rights. Locke is an influential figure like Jefferson, Madison, and Voltaire for those involved in the American and French revolution.

Kant has a different moral system based on reason. According to Kant, reason is a fundamental authority to determine morality. Everyone has reasoning skills, and there are two basic instructions outside this ability: command and absolute instruction. By focusing on absolute instructions, I will reveal potential relationships between reasons and responsibilities in this article. Absolute orders indicate that a series of actions must be taken due to their accuracy and necessity. Emanuel Kant's moral system was built around the sorting order. Classification order is a universal and absolute ethical standard. These orders build moral ethics, or what Kant calls "moral order". According to him, they must be applicable to all, all situations and all occasions. The decision does not change according to the situation. The order of classification is an important feature of the Kant 's order and he believes that true morality depends only on the principle of guiding action, not depending on the final result. Kant believes that morality is absolute and provable; the right thing can be determined by putting actions or maxims into the equation. Moral theory was developed by Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804). Kant believes that the ultimate outcome is not the most important, but on the contrary, what really matters is deciding the ethical intent of the decision or the action itself. Kant evaluates the morality of human behavior and ignores the result. He further believes that, regardless of the expected outcome, we have the necessary responsibilities and should not give up their responsibilities. According to Kant, these obligations are absolute and must be applied equally to everyone. Special virtues and malice are based on Kant's system of responsibility; these obligations are based on moral law, the highest principle of morality. According to Kant, the moral law highlights that it is an absolute command (CI) for incomplete and limited rational creatures such as us. Our responsibility ultimately comes from this highest ethical principle. In the basic work, Kant described in detail some of his CI statements. According to the universal rule order formula, "According to the saying that it can be a universal law at the same time" (G. 4: 421). The universal natural law formula, "The motto that appears in your action is the universal natural law through your will" (G. 4: 421). The last expression is the command itself. "So, regardless of whether it's for yourself or for someone else, it's always the last place as a use of human behavior, not just as a means" G 4: 429)

Every era has created its own hero. Until the time of Enstein until the time that the St. Empire, St. Thomas and Roger Bacon forever and with the modern creator - Edison created Aristotle, Hercules and Alexander the Great from the glorious day of ancient Greece, I created the ideal image of the best expression. Formally, Kant is an ideological opponent of a reasonable genius Newton that makes knowledge and thought exist at the level of God. The key text of Spivak's literary analysis is Kant's critical judgment (1790), which is his third critique after criticizing pure reason (1781) and practical rational criticism (1788) . In Spikek's view, these three criticisms constitute a cultural self-expression of the ability to judge Western aesthetics. However, she discovered the slip is the third criticism, which shows that Kant needed to remove the blockade of "information informers" in order to integrate this western self. Spivak described this slip as "a moment when it can not be recognized, it is called a native information provider." To better understand this final statement, you need to know how Spivak uses the term "closed". As described in "Psychoanalysis of Language" (1974), she borrowed the term "boycott" from the meaning of psychoanalysis, Lacan. Rakan, as far as he concerns, In the first criticism there is only a hint of the form taken by Kant's moral theory. The practical rationality of "basic metaphysics" (1785) and "critique of practical reasons" (1788) is completely new. Kant argues that he now found the highest principle of practical reasons he calls classification. (To put it more precisely, this principle is essential for those who have needs and trends like us and are completely indispensable for people who are not reasonable.) As we all know, Kant finds some of this principle Offer different expressions. The first of these is as follows: "Only the sayings that you can make it a universal rule at the same time" (4: 421). (For Kant 's different versions, we claim that Kant is equivalent, see Kant' s moral philosophy, §§ 5 - 9. In order to broadly understand Kant's theory of freedom, I will list some arguments about Kant's reason and freedom of criticism for pure reasons, the foundation of moral metaphysics, and criticism for practical reasons. But before I do, I would like to mention some aspects of his view, but I will not discuss in these contexts. One is Kant (Will and Wilkure) (after at least the second critique), the difference in the functions of the two aspects or the will system (MM 6: 213-14, 226). Will is a legislative aspect and through will, a reasonable existence will give our own law; Kant recognizes will for purely practical reasons. It itself is neither free nor free. Willkür is the execution side or function of a will, it is considered a free side

First of all, by observing the first patient, no matter whether she was a kidney or a "dead body kidney" from her father, she needed a kidney, so there was no difference. But one of the main reasons was that he was lacking in courage with fear of doing such a donation so the second patient could not agree to give up his kidney. So at the moment, there is no happiness unless the father gives up the kidneys, and there are two choices in daily life whether the daughter is a personal foundation or a professional foundation. There are difficult scenarios, or moral dilemmas. The fundamental principles of John Mill's utilitarianism and Emanuel Kant's moral metaphysics suggest different views of the two philosophers about the field of moral philosophy. Compared to Kant 's metaphysical segmentation and its use in proof of validity and error, Mill' s utilitarianism is a more sophisticated ethical theory. Kant takes his confirmation of metaphysical survival as discipline of his moral philosophy. If the law has moral power it will be the foundation. Emmanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers who solve moral problems from the way moral tradition is formed. Immanuel Kant advocated a viewpoint on "fundamentals of moral metaphysics" based on his idea that human values ​​are inherent in his reasoning ability. John Stuart Mill has a different perspective like what is mentioned in this Utilitarianism which seems to contradict Kant 's idea. The most outstanding aspect of ethics is the concept of responsibility to a specific individual. According to Kant and Mill, moral obligations are rooted in universal moral principles, so they are fundamentally not specific in this regard. Both Mil and Kant are philosophers who have had a great influence on their particular philosophical field and their theoretical arguments help them to better understand them and their theory I can do it.

The problem of euthanasia is a controversial matter. Here we will look at the discussion on euthanasia of Emmanuel Kant and John Stewart Mill and the moral system of how each philosopher responds to this discussion. Because Emmanuel Kant and John Stewart Mill have different ethics, they treat euthanasia in a different way. Immanuel Kant holds morality in morality or duty theory. This means that for those with moral value it must be done from responsibility. Kant explains that the basis for this view is absolute, "It is based solely on the saying that you can make it a universal law at the same time" (412). John Stuartmir's "practical" ethical theory and Immanuel Kant's "sorting order" ethical theory. According to utilitarianism, euthanasia is morally justified, and according to Kantism, euthanasia is morally irrational; however, I lead these two positions to their particular position Argued that it is due to a large defect inherent in inference. There is no suitable solution to this problem. According to Utilitarianism, morality is mainly of the kind ... the theory behind Utilitarianism is that if the it does not promote happiness or joy, the behavior of a person that it is wrong promotes happiness and happiness This is the case. The point of this theory is the principle of utility, "maximum happiness to the people who should be the most". (Palmer) Jeremy Bentham basically brought it to the name of Utilitarianism. I pay more attention than those before him The fundamental principles of John Mill's utilitarianism and Emanuel Kant's moral metaphysics suggest different views of the two philosophers about the field of moral philosophy. Compared to Kant 's metaphysical segmentation and its use in proof of validity and error, Mill' s utilitarianism is a more sophisticated ethical theory. Kant takes his confirmation of metaphysical survival as discipline of his moral philosophy. If the law has moral power it will be the foundation.

Happiness The philosopher of the 19th century John Stuart Muller has correctly asserted its pursuit, but essentially this kind of emotion is still the ultimate goal. By maintaining the concept of enjoyment as happiness and all other values ​​as well as the ultimate destination, Muller's hedonistic view accurately and reasonably determines natural and human tendencies, and The important thing is that happiness is the most important dream. Emmanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers who have solved moral problems in terms of the formation of moral habits. Immanuel Kant advocated a point of view "based on his belief that human value is inherent in his reasonable skill" the basis of moral metaphysics ". John Stuart Miller is thinking ... Show more ... Muller is opposed to "Human complaints are more satisfying than pigs", which is an animal's meaning of human dissatisfaction I am satisfied with the degree of satisfaction, more specifically, "better Socrates is not satisfied with foolish satisfaction." This means that an idiot has only a different opinion, as he does not know the two aspects of the problem. This sentence means that Mill dismissed the concept of "happiness", replaced it with the concept of "happy and painless" and replaced the concept of "misfortune" with the concept of "lack of pain and pleasure" . Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill vs. Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill, two confrontational philosophers. Even if they live in different countries, their work is opposite. Kant pointed out that there is nothing other than just wanting goodwill in his book "Foundations of Moral Metaphysics". - Compare Mill and Kant's ethical theory; this will make the social order better. John Stuart Mill (1808-73) believed that moral theory is called Utilitarianism. There are many expressions in this theory. One of them is that "Everyone acts like this and makes all participants balance the utmost good and evil." But good is a relative term. what would you like. Utilitarians are opposed to this problem. Mill to distinguish between happiness and pure sensory pleasure The writing by John Stuart Mill and Emmanuel Kant shows a very different perspective on moral issues. Mill's idea is called Utilitarianism. In this ideology it is a fundamental belief that happiness is the greatest goal and action should be judged by the ability to provide maximum happiness to most people. The dentist Kant believes that this is not the result of action, but the behavior itself. He insists on reasonable moral rules

The geopolitical Kant of the colonial era occupies a certain position in contemporary literary theory, especially post colonial theory. On the other hand, the Enlightenment Project is seen as a universal force (with absolute universality of Western form). For example, he states as follows. "Cultural experience or any cultural form is a basic and typical mixture.If Imannon Kande has isolated the cultural and aesthetic fields from the secular world, Western practice is now the time to recombine them I came ("Associating Empire with Secular Interpretation", CA 58). (1) The first question concerns the positioning of Kant's transition to colonialism. Most readers may take Kant's critical comment on colonial practices in his view "Metaphysics of Moral Metaphysics and Permanent Peace". However, as introductions and contributions by Pauline Kleingeld and Lea Ypi show, Kant does not always have such a critical view. Early comments on his critical times about colonialism and slavery are at best neutral at most, and believe that these practices are acceptable even at the moment necessary in the course of cultural and historical progress I suggested that it was. Within the global historical concept (1784), Kant argues that if there is no marginal distance, the possibility that part of the "our" world ultimately will provide law to all other parts of the world There was. In other places he stated without clear criticism of colonial rule and slavery. Colonialism is only a talk of Kant's work, but his comments on the legitimacy or illegality of colonial practices naturally attracted a lot of attention. Since Kant is the leading representative of enlightenment and also the pioneer of liberation theory, his seeming colonialism support and criticism seems to have widespread impact. Enlightenment may be an accomplice or, on the contrary, a person who provides resources to overcome the oppression of the colonial era. This volume does not directly address the broader problem of general relations between enlightenment and colonialism but rather shifts to a clearer understanding of Kant's practical position on colonialism . It focuses on 4 issues

Dorothea thinks Casaubon is very smart, and I think she can learn a lot from him. Therefore, she decided to marry him. But this marriage made her feel wasted. I found that Casabon is stingy and selfish. He takes an authoritative attitude and sometimes becomes almost arrogant. In addition, he treats Dorothy in an authoritarian way. He is restrictive and irritated by Dorothy. She controls her feelings in her married life. This is a marriage far from happiness. In Chapter 48, the health of Casona got worse. Asking your friends about what morality means to your friends may give you different answers. You may hear answers to religious, legal or other ethically correct answers. The ethical framework should not consider emotional, religious, legal, scientific and cultural influences when judging whether the list of things you must do is ethical It suggests. Here is what you think about doing moral reasoning, utilitarianism, best or least damage John Stuartmir's "practical" ethical theory and Immanuel Kant's "sorting order" ethical theory. According to utilitarianism, euthanasia is morally justified, and according to Kantism, euthanasia is morally irrational; however, I lead these two positions to their particular position Argued that it is due to a large defect inherent in inference. There is no suitable solution to this problem. According to Utilitarianism, morality is mainly of the kind ... the theory behind Utilitarianism is that if the it does not promote happiness or joy, the behavior of a person that it is wrong promotes happiness and happiness This is the case. The point of this theory is the principle of utility, "maximum happiness to the people who should be the most". (Palmer) Jeremy Bentham basically brought it to the name of Utilitarianism. I pay more attention than those before him

Wrong, or wrong behavior in my own discussion of the elements to justify, I philosopher with two most influential, to quote Emmanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. In order to make this article easier to understand, I will focus on one of the discussions formed by each person. I will evaluate how the principle of Kant and Mill applies to correct ethics and wrong ethics. Kant gave a motivating absolute instructions to act only as a general method to people in our (Kant), and the action because the mills tend to promote happiness because there is a tendency that they produce happiness He said he was right. Reversal Emmanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers who have solved moral problems in terms of the formation of moral habits. Immanuel Kant advocated a point of view "based on his belief that human value is inherent in his reasonable skill" the basis of moral metaphysics ". John Stuart Miller is thinking ... Show more ... Muller is opposed to "Human complaints are more satisfying than pigs", which is an animal's meaning of human dissatisfaction I am satisfied with the degree of satisfaction, more specifically, "better Socrates is not satisfied with foolish satisfaction." This means that an idiot has only a different opinion, as he does not know the two aspects of the problem. This sentence means that Mill dismissed the concept of "happiness", replaced it with the concept of "happy and painless" and replaced the concept of "misfortune" with the concept of "lack of pain and pleasure" . Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill vs. Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill, two confrontational philosophers. Even if they live in different countries, their work is opposite. Kant pointed out that there is nothing other than just wanting goodwill in his book "Foundations of Moral Metaphysics". - Compare Mill and Kant's ethical theory; this will make the social order better. John Stuart Mill (1808-73) believed that moral theory is called Utilitarianism. There are many expressions in this theory. One of them is that "Everyone acts like this and makes all participants balance the utmost good and evil." But good is a relative term. what would you like. Utilitarians are opposed to this problem. Mill to distinguish between happiness and pure sensory pleasure Classical utilitarianism is an ethical theoretical approach introduced by philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. A scholar like Immanuel Kant of "legal philosophy" in front of them regards punishment as a moral obligation. Kant believes that sanctions are not for the promotion of good but for direct punishment of perpetrators. Classical utilitarianism also shifts the point of punishment to its purpose and result. Based on the Utilitarian approach, sanctions can be justified if sanctions can bring the greatest benefit to most people. Punishment is reasonable if you can prevent you from creating public safety from crime.

Expressionism and opposition to realism - Kant, Davidson and Roti (1) Abstract: The concept of expressionism and anti-expression is introduced in the discussion of contemporary philosophy of Richard Drotti to explain him and the new pragmatism I was wrong. Attitudes towards traditional epistemological problems Roti means that the history of philosophy indicates that there is no final answer to traditional knowledge, truth, and representation; therefore, they are rejected It should be. Richard Rorty argued that contemporary analytical philosophy in a philosophical and natural mirror inadvertently imitates scientific methods. In addition, he condemns traditional epistemological viewpoint of expressionism and its corresponding theory, which depends on knowledge and independence of observer phenomena and passivity of natural phenomena and consciousness. As a supporter of anti-fundamentalism and anti-essentialism in the framework of pragmatism, he responded to postmodernism of traditionalism and relativism, but he responded to most postmodern ideas and his social liberalism I opposed the commitment. This 144 page book has a title that may lead people to introductory, but while summarizing McIntyre 's theme, the author also considers other philosophers such as Donald Davidson, especially Richard Roti Use. In order to understand McIntyre's idea, readers unfamiliar with Davidson and Rorty may find it difficult to understand this material. These essays are very broad, including a paper on the concept of justice in MacIntyre, an explanation of his liberalism, his interpretation of Aquinas, and criticism of his Enlightenment. The last chapter is written by MacIntyre himself; entitled "Partial Response to My Critics", it provides McIntyre's response to some of the criticism raised by other authors. (Motivation to interact with McKintal's critics is rare and worthy of praise) From Peirce and James to Rorty and Davidson, pragmatists have sought empiricism to purify Descartes' remains. For example, they claim that empiricism deprives the spiritual understanding Rock, Berkeley, and Hume inherited from Descartes. According to this Cartesianism, thinking is completely subjective and private that its content of "thinking" or "impression" is irrevocable, completely separated from the objective world being publicized when they express ing. . Accepting this world of mind, experientists have to face the long series of difficult questions - loneliness, skepticism, realism, idealism -.

As Emanuel Kant once said, "All our knowledge begins with a sensation, then begins with understanding, and starts with reason." Our feelings are an integral part of our lives. Our senses allow us to access information from the environment to learn, evaluate and understand our environment. Perception is defined as "the ability of the body to perceive visual, olfactory, auditory, auditory, tasteful and tactile sensations of external stimuli" (theoryofknowledge.net). It is intertwined with knowledge in all fields. In Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Emmanuel Kant German philosopher an influential, the "pure rational criticism" is tied to reason and experience, we are trying to philosophical ones. Discussions between rationalists and empiricists have left. Kant's philosophy affects future German idealists and philosophers such as Shelling and Schopenhauer. John Locke (1632-1704) Locke is a leading philosopher and political theorist who has had a great influence on generous political thought. He is believed to have several ideas like a social contract - you need to get the idea that the government is agreed by rulers. Locke also claims liberty, religious tolerance, and life and property rights. Locke is an influential figure like Jefferson, Madison, and Voltaire for those involved in the American and French revolution. Emmanuel Kant - German philosopher Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804) is considered one of the founder of Western philosophy. In 1781, Kant is better than the opinion that a certain doctrine or other authority logical thinking, wrote a "reasonable criticism" to support the idea of ​​scientific logic and rational way of thinking. Bertrand Russell - British philosopher, mathematician, and Bertrand Russell (1872-1970, the third generation Russell Earl Russell Earl) to support the scientific method of Kant, knowledge is believed to be the "belief that consistent with the fact." It was. He claims that there is not enough just to believe that there is no evidence, but instead, whether there is a fact support that is accurate agreement, and Who should check whether to agree (1926).

Kant and causation Introduction Criticizing the pure reason, Kant pointed out that "every change will occur according to the law of causality." 1 This statement is interpreted in two different ways: weak reading and strong reading. A weaker reading basically indicates that Kant's statement only means that "all events have a cause"; however, a strong reading is "a second analogism is caused not only by causality but also by causality It is also dedicated ". The difference is to pay attention to the difference between Kant's empirical natural law and universal transcendence. principle Kant called real things "all that can be achieved by freedom" and purely practical laws never given through perceptual conditions resemble the universal law of causality It is a moral law. The reason is that we can only give "rule of practical freedom through sensation", but the pure practice rules given by reasonable a priori determine "what to do". In the "critique of practical reasons" at the end of the second main part of the analysis, Kant introduced categories of freedom as well as categories that understood the real counterparts. Kant's liberal category is clearly predominantly a condition of the possibility of action (i) free, (ii) understood to be free, (iii) morally appreciated It is really important to distinguish between the general principle of Cant's causality and the specific causality determined in the second analogy. Equally important, Kant's specific causal relationship is a comprehensive post-incident rather than a comprehensive pre-case (at least in most cases). However, it does not mean that Kant agrees with Hume as to the status of synthetic post - causal law. Conversely, Kant said (as we have seen) Prolegomena, paragraph 29 (he made his official "Hume answer") has only a fundamental difference between "heuristics" Clearly stated. The illuminance of the sun and the true objective law (the sun is the light that passes through it and the cause of the heat) is derived by adding an a priori concept that is due to a simple induction law. In this case (A 91 / B 124):

When a person dies, he will go. This is the problem people have been thinking from the beginning. In the depths of mankind, people are the power of reason. According to reasonable explanation, this world is not the end of everything. People can not understand the concept of stopping existence. For that reason, a myriad of people have proposed the idea of ​​life after death for many years. Christianity calls it redemption. Buddhism calls it enlightenment. But whatever its name, it includes what is after death. Kantoism is a philosophical theory created by a man named Emmanuel Kant. According to Emmanuel Kant or Kantism, his theory emphasizes the modern position and deals with spiritual philosophy, epistemology and ethics. In 1948, Gamou predicted that large nuclear synthetic radiation should still be filled in the universe. Emanuel Kant was born in Königsberg, East Prussia in 1724 and was a philosopher and professor who died in 1804 (Turner, 2012, paragraph 2). Kant developed a theory of occupational ethics focusing on nonsequential moral theory. According to Thiroux and Krasemann (2012), Kant's theory states that ethical problems can be answered by different reasoning (page 50). Another ethical theory compared with Kant's professional ethics theory is the utilitarian ethical theory. Utilitarianism has two forms According to Kant, morality is a priori like metaphysics, meaning that our moral responsibility is determined independently of empirical considerations. Therefore, Kant's morality can be contrasted with an ethical view such as utilitarianism. It thinks that the morals of action arise from the result. Based on moral metaphysics, Kant reviewed his basic moral principles he called "absolute order". The moral principle is "order" as it orders and it is "absolute" irrespective of the specific trends and circumstances of the actor, that is to say unconditionally. We point out that this moral principle is given by reason and that we can act only in a way that our code of conduct, the code of conduct, can be used as a universal law. People acting according to non-universal maxims fall into real contradiction Emanuel Kant's moral system was built around the sorting order. Classification order is a universal and absolute ethical standard. These orders build moral ethics, or what Kant calls "moral order". According to him, they must be applicable to all, all situations and all occasions. The decision does not change according to the situation. The order of classification is an important feature of the Kant 's order and he believes that true morality depends only on the principle of guiding action, not depending on the final result. Kant believes that morality is absolute and provable; the right thing can be determined by putting actions or maxims into the equation.

The death penalty is often called the death penalty or the death penalty of a crime. This is a controversial topic that has been discussed by many people and great thinkers. The two famous figures are Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. Both of them support the death penalty, but the reasons for their conclusion are totally different. I personally oppose the death penalty, but my personal opinion on this contains a number of complex factors from two people and my personal opinion. Classical utilitarianism is an ethical theoretical approach introduced by philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. A scholar like Immanuel Kant of "legal philosophy" in front of them regards punishment as a moral obligation. Kant believes that sanctions are not for the promotion of good but for direct punishment of perpetrators. Classical utilitarianism also shifts the point of punishment to its purpose and result. Based on the Utilitarian approach, sanctions can be justified if sanctions can bring the greatest benefit to most people. Punishment is reasonable if you can prevent you from creating public safety from crime. Immanual Kant provides another form of retaliatory defense against the death penalty, and this reason is not rooted in revenge. On the contrary, for Kant, the grounds for the death penalty have the ability to make a rational and free choice, so everyone is worthy and deserves respect. Murder is also worthy of respect; therefore, we respect him in a way he insists that people will be treated. Therefore, we execute the murderer. This seems to be a distorted version of the golden rule. An important issue for Kant to justify the death penalty is that we tell us that only the ideal rational murderer can process it even though many killers are actually unreasonable It is that. Another major Utilitarian, John Stuart Meal, embodies the unique aspect of the Utilitarian approach, but in defending the death penalty. In a speech issued as a member of Congress in 1868, Müller believed that the death penalty was thought of as a punishment for a "serious violence incident" of serious murder ("Speech ...", 268). Mill insists that "rapid drama of rapid death" is actually far less than "longevity in the most difficult and monotonous work". Hope "(" Speech ... ", 268). When Sorell briefly summarizes Muller's position," The hardest effort of life is actually severe punishment than I think, the death penalty is even more serious than that It seems like "(" Increase of murder ... ", 204). Death penalty is a better deterrent for others and less pain and suffering for criminals, as the deterrent effect of punishment depends greatly on how it looks.

Immanuel Kant is a German philosopher of the 18th century and is widely known for his accomplishments and works such as "critique of pure reason" and "basic moral metaphysics". Kant developed a moral theory that depends on reason rather than emotion, called moral law. Kant is not anti-religious, but he wants a moral system not covered by religious, emotional or personal interpretation. Kant believes that morality is a necessary and reasonable function based on our perception of universal law. Emmanuel Kant thinks that the moral law is absolute and creates classification orders. Since Kant believes that people can not kill, unmanned vehicles will never choose to kill. I believe that unmanned vehicles will be safer, more regulated and more predictable if they follow the sorting order. We have developed artificial intelligence to make us smarter and more useful; A. I. can now perform very difficult tasks on a human-like level. Many people are concerned about artificial intelligence, and many others are introducing artificial intelligence as soon as possible; however, both know that it is coming. This technology is here and it is very capable, but people are not ready to jump on a fully automated car. This change is an ambitious step. To say that this is a big step for humanity, it will be an extremely discreet expression. Harry Surden and Mary-Anne Williams of the University of Colorado say the following in "opacity of technology, predictability and automatic driving vehicle". Emanuel Kant's moral system was built around the sorting order. Classification order is a universal and absolute ethical standard. These orders build moral ethics, or what Kant calls "moral order". According to him, they must be applicable to all, all situations and all occasions. The decision does not change according to the situation. The order of classification is an important feature of the Kant 's order and he believes that true morality depends only on the principle of guiding action, not depending on the final result. Kant believes that morality is absolute and provable; the right thing can be determined by putting actions or maxims into the equation. Moral theory was developed by Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804). Kant believes that the ultimate outcome is not the most important, but on the contrary, what really matters is deciding the ethical intent of the decision or the action itself. Kant evaluates the morality of human behavior and ignores the result. He further believes that, regardless of the expected outcome, we have the necessary responsibilities and should not give up their responsibilities. According to Kant, these obligations are absolute and must be applied equally to everyone.

Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill vs. Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill, two confrontational philosophers. Even if they live in different countries, their work is opposite. Kant pointed out that there is nothing other than just wanting goodwill in his book "Foundations of Moral Metaphysics". He repeatedly emphasized the importance of goodwill and tried to show how moral philosophy is effective when goodwill was used as an important element. Emmanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers who have solved moral problems in terms of the formation of moral habits. Immanuel Kant advocated a point of view "based on his belief that human value is inherent in his reasonable skill" the basis of moral metaphysics ". John Stuart Miller is thinking ... Show more ... Muller is opposed to "Human complaints are more satisfying than pigs", which is an animal's meaning of human dissatisfaction I am satisfied with the degree of satisfaction, more specifically, "better Socrates is not satisfied with foolish satisfaction." This means that an idiot has only a different opinion, as he does not know the two aspects of the problem. This sentence means that Mill dismissed the concept of "happiness", replaced it with the concept of "happy and painless" and replaced the concept of "misfortune" with the concept of "lack of pain and pleasure" . Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill vs. Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill, two confrontational philosophers. Even if they live in different countries, their work is opposite. Kant pointed out that there is nothing other than just wanting goodwill in his book "Foundations of Moral Metaphysics". - Compare Mill and Kant's ethical theory; this will make the social order better. John Stuart Mill (1808-73) believed that moral theory is called Utilitarianism. There are many expressions in this theory. One of them is that "Everyone acts like this and makes all participants balance the utmost good and evil." But good is a relative term. what would you like. Utilitarians are opposed to this problem. Mill to distinguish between happiness and pure sensory pleasure The aim of this paper is to show how the belief of John Stuart Meal to good for everyone is suitable for our society, ie the practice of making moral justice is better than the principle of Emmanuel Kant It is to explain better things clearly. I will explain why Muller's theory leads better ethical behavior and can distinguish between human rights and responsibility for yourself and society. Emmanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers who have solved moral problems in terms of the formation of moral habits. Immanuel Kant advocated a point of view "based on his belief that human value is inherent in his reasonable skill" the basis of moral metaphysics ". John Stuart Mill is thinking ... Read more

"All will continue to change and will continue to change, but past changes and future changes are beneficial to humans, they give more men more peace, more happiness, or more happiness (526) AbbéGaillaumeThomasFrancois Raynal quotes this sentence in the philosophical and political history of two Indian colonies and trade in India and eloquently explains the rationality of the philosophy of the 18th century . What is enlightenment? Since the German philosopher Emanuel Conde initially raised this question in 1784, this question has generated countless answers in the past two and half and a half centuries. According to the history of the Kantian period, from the 17th century to the 18th century, human growth in intellectual maturity. Through emphasis on scientific research and rational discussion, Kant et al. Can finally think of human beings not by relying on the authority of the church, the Greek philosopher, or other sources revealing the truth I assert. Immanuel Kant explains in his article "What is Enlightenment?" Describes the nature of Enlightenment and how it is generally communicated. According to Kant, "Enlightenment is the liberation of man from self-monitoring." Through this, Kant means that enlightenment refers to those who can use his understanding without the guidance of other people. Kant believes that the age of enlightenment is an era in which human society is released from the essence of liberation. However, Kant pointed out that we were born again as a guardian when we were young, and it was okay. Furthermore, we should revitalize our rational capacity after releasing this need naturally.

Emmanuel Kant 's critical critical philosophy is Kant' s first achievement, which has made him one of the greatest thinkers of contemporary philosophy and one of the most influential writers of contemporary philosophy. However, it is important to understand what Kant calls "criticism" or "criticism". In a general sense, this term refers to the general development of reasoning through the scientific safety route (Bxxx). More specifically, its use is not negative, it is affirmative, and it is expressed in the expression that it is necessary to deny knowledge to make room for faith (Bxxx). Frankfurt scholars theorists clearly link with Inmanuel Kant's critical philosophy. Here, the term "criticism" philosophically reflects the direct relationship between the limits of certain intellectual assertions and the emphasis on such criticism and moral autonomy. Rather than the traditional static theory of certainty and human behavior. Under the background of dogmaticism positivism and science, and dogmatism 'scientific socialism', critical theorists try to restore Marx's thought through philosophical criticism. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Emmanuel Kant is an influential German philosopher, whose "pure rational critique" ties the reasons and experiences into philosophical thought. Discussions between rationalists and empiricists have left. Kant's philosophy affects future German idealists and philosophers such as Shelling and Schopenhauer. John Locke (1632-1704) Locke is a leading philosopher and political theorist who has had a great influence on generous political thought. He is believed to have several ideas like a social contract - you need to get the idea that the government is agreed by rulers. Locke also claims liberty, religious tolerance, and life and property rights. Locke is an influential figure like Jefferson, Madison, and Voltaire for those involved in the American and French revolution. Emmanuel Kant - German philosopher Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804) is considered one of the founder of Western philosophy. In 1781, Kant wrote "a rational critique" that supports the idea of ​​scientific logic and rational thought methods, which makes logical thinking better than doctrine and other authoritative opinions. Bertrand Russell - British philosopher, mathematician, and Bantrand Russell (1872-1970, Episcopal Russell, 3rd) to support the scientific method of Kant believe that knowledge is "a belief consistent with facts" It was. He insists that it is not enough to believe that there is no evidence and instead should check whether there are correct and agreed supporting facts and who agrees (1926).

Autonomous Autonomy In the latter half of the eighteenth century, with the release of his moral theory, Immanuel Kant completely changed philosophy in a way that greatly influenced decades of thinkers after him. The result of his influence led to his perception and interpretation of the opinion of writers around the world. Kant's idealism arises from the idea that a moral law, a set of rules specific to each person gives the ability to infer people in a way to get the truth. In line with that title, Ralph Waldo Emerson's "independence" fundamentally promotes confidence in himself. Essentially, Emerson finds the absolute truth of an individual in himself and asks for trust in the truth based on the universal connection with sacred things. His attractive information has had a major impact on contemporary Americans thinking, but people may legitimately question the validity of their bibles according to the Bible. By adhering to the word of God, one can unravel the intertwining components of Emerson's philosophy, and unfortunately can find that they contradict the teachings of the Bible. In the final analysis Emerson built his argument based on "independence" based on the principle of self-confidence not biblical. Independence means different from person to person. However, the underlying meaning is to always refer to individuals as self-dependence, dependence means dependence, place, or thing to individuals, so independence is the state where one person is fully responsible to their own country. That is your goal Someone may ask, what is independence? Independence is to rely on your ability, judgment, resources, independence. In "independence" written by American transcendent Ralph Waldo Emerson, we will explain how we should live and prosper as a person. In order to adjust ourselves, we must believe in ourselves, believe in ourselves, and create individualism. Emerson's Ralph Waldo Emerson's article, hobby seeking self-reliance from yourself, carries out his deep individualism, independence, and a universal assessment to nature in the United States. His idea was sometimes controversial, but he used this teaching to influence many young people. Ralph Waldo Emerson always thinks about new ideas when redefining your world view. Emerson expressed his idea with eloquence of nature in his poetry, essays and lectures; he was one of the most quoted writers in American history. Ralph Waldo Emerson I recently returned to the eternal article "independence" of Ralph Waldo Emerson and found out that it is different from my memory. Emerson's self-reliance is strict individualism, uncontrollable, lonely; must invent his own idea, others should be cursed. This is somewhat different from our autonomous verbal concept, which is one of self-fulfillment in the sense of materialism, or the quality of people who achieved many accomplishments through hard work. Sweat, tears ") When we think about an independent person, many of us imagine wild West's pioneer type, survive to adventure in the wilderness wilderness to tell stories, its character is Although it is not true, we can easily point out that this person has already won, despite being present in the past, we have to ask for this What is independence in modern life?

2005, p. 79) Moral law, like social law, is a guideline system for managing human behavior. The Ten Commanded by Moses is a moral law with the command of God, which can be a universal rule that everyone should observe. Kant believes that if you want to do it, "moral law can not be essentially a hypothesis and can not be a form". Morality is not determined by desire and its result. On the contrary, the law itself must be absolute in the form of "doing this" or "not doing". (Stumpf, S.E. The fundamental principles of John Mill's utilitarianism and Emanuel Kant's moral metaphysics suggest different views of the two philosophers about the field of moral philosophy. Compared to Kant 's metaphysical segmentation and its use in proof of validity and error, Mill' s utilitarianism is a more sophisticated ethical theory. Kant takes his confirmation of metaphysical survival as discipline of his moral philosophy. If the law has moral power it will be the foundation. When Kant holds the theory of rationalism, Mill has an empirical theory. Kant is morally ethical in the form he believes, it is necessary for practical judgment of freedom and reason. Utilitarian theory of Miller is a kind of resultism. Because the correctness and badness of behavior depends on the outcome. Kant's pure ethics is the basis of his absolute command and provides the basis for his theory of universal duty. Utilitarian theory of Miller is the main form of resultantism John Stuart Mill believes in the moral theory called Utilitarianism and his theory is based on the principle of giving the greatest happiness to most people and Mueller supports the pursuit of happiness. Kant believes that moral theory is called moralist and believes that only the principle of action is important. Utilitarianism believes that morally correct behavior maximizes happiness and minimizes pain. Utilitarian believes that the outcome of actions demonstrates the moral acceptability of the means by which it is accomplished, and the outcome of the behavior is beyond other considerations. In other words, they believe the final proof is correct. Utilitarian thinks that behavior is morally correct if it brings happiness, but it is wrong if it causes pain.

Even though they are not aware of your existence, have you ever loved someone so much as you would give them something? How long does it take to leave them in your life? The film "Petra's Tears of Tears" directed by German famous film director Reina Werner Fassbinder explores the inherent operation of each relationship. People I love are consistent in length. The bitter tears of Petra von Kant are based on the events in Fassbinder's own love life. If you are familiar with Petra von Kant's The Bitter Tears, casting is a precious tribute to the movie, its power and a subtle approach to despair. But even if you are not familiar with Fassbinder masterpieces, Casting will function as a vibrant element to regard it independently as a legitimate place in the world. Judith Engel is a documentary filmmaker who makes remake of "Petra von Kant's bitter tears" matching Fassbinder's 75th birthday and debuts as a television film director. Very uneasy women seem to be ashamed of debut in the movie world (not to mention about motherhood) Vera can not decide who should play Petra, the rest of the crew I am making members crazy. One of the most famous movies of the legendary German new wave movie writer Reina Werner Fass Binder was his 1972 adaptation of his drama, Petra von Conde's bitter tears. This film is totally shot in the lineup of all female actors and when it becomes interdependent, it is seeing the dark, distorted side of love (or we are convinced that it is love It is. The famous fashion designer Margit Carstensen fell in love with a young lady Hanna Schygulla and was absorbed in her longtime silent assistant Irm Hermann. The dynamics of the relationship between the three women is all about ownership and obsession. Petra is obvious, not to mention other people who are embarrassed about her life, but it is prosperous in controlling and abusing Karin and Marlene. Finally, she tortured by herself The first one is bitter tears of Petra von Kant of Rainer Werner Fassbinder, an iconic building of the world's cinema. Extensive extras complement this omission that was once obvious. "Palm Beach Story" by Preston Sturges is an exciting story in the history of Hollywood before the Second World War, and a pair of contemporary films including Lucielia Martel's 2001 Rashi Naga and Gaimadin's 2007 movies now Added season Criterion collection. My Winnipeg The latter's latter is based on the quality of the initial collaboration between the director and the family video tag Brand Upon The Brain and offers particularly exciting advice! This is a great success several years ago.

Summary on Hentle and Kant 's ontological argument: I will refute Kant' s ontological argument against criticism of Hentle 's Kant' s argument. In ontological arguments can be expressed in a syllabologic way. Everything that I imagine is clearly and unambiguously attributed to the nature or essence of what can be regarded as the truth. I clearly understand that there is the essence or essence of a perfect existence; therefore, existence is a perfect existence, that is to say the complete existence of existence. Note: I did not provide an example of "Hegel" ontological debate because I know that such discussion is not proposed. Many people argue that Hegel provides an ontological argument; however, when asked to list the premise of discussion, Hegel's friends can not express it. (To protect Hegel from these claims - but not to provide the premise of "Hegel's ontological argument" - see Reading and Bubbio 2014) I imagine existence rather than a bigger existence. Without more existence, I can imagine that there are multiple entities, not larger ones - that is, they exist and have a larger presence. I can not imagine existence that exists rather than existence rather than a larger existence. Therefore, there is no more existence Criticism of the ontological argument began with Gauniro at the same time as St. Anselm. Perhaps the most famous criticism of ontological debate is due to Emmanuel Kant in his criticism of pure reason. Most notably, Kant argues that ontological arguments are at risk by implicit assumptions that "existence" is a predicate. But as Bertrand Russell said, it is easy to be confident that ontological arguments are less accurate than what they are doing. This will help explain why ontological discussions have captivated philosophers for nearly 1000 years. This philosophy of "absolute perception of existence and difference" confirms the new ontological position of Deleuze between Kant and Hegel. For Kant, thought is only a "perfectly ideal" problem, for Hegel, dialectical thinking is perfectly practical. However, for Deleuze, the idea itself has problems. Like Hegel, Deleuze will prove that instinctive reality can not be caught by dialectical thinking. Thoughts can certainly fully express the existence - but it is only the difference between (non-conceptual, nonnegative) format that you can essentially maintain the problem of difference (for Hegel). Between Kant and Hegel, Deleuz's argument is that the idea as a problem is constitutive. In other words, they themselves oppose the rationality of Kant's rationality unilaterally. So why does Deleuze argue that "eternity is a dizziness of philosophy"? Deleuze 's work may have both an obvious answer and a potential answer.

When comparing David Hume and Emanuel Kant, David Hume and Emanuel Kant can make a big progress with each other theorists, suggest morals that do not need higher existence and God, and can recognize him. Moral responsibility Hume and Kant share some basic principles, but they have different views on morality. Comparing the different perspectives of one's will and the sayings established by the moral values ​​of David Hume and Emanuel Kant show that although their moral theory is limited, there are still some advantages It was. The ethics of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) are in stark contrast to the ethics of David Hume (1711-1776). Hume's moral philosophical approach is experimental and empirical; Kant emphasizes the need to establish a moral foundation in transcendentalism. Hume said that the reason is just "slave of passion", while Kant establishes morality with the concept of his own concept. Hume considers the feelings of kindness and generosity as a correct moral motive and Kant saw the motive of responsibility - Hume usually regards it as the motive of second best or recession, thus giving a devotion to morality that gives special morality Uniquely represent. Value is conveyed to action. Although the moral views of Kant and Hume are hostile to each other in many ways, there is also an important relationship between them. When comparing David Hume and Emanuel Kant, David Hume and Emanuel Kant can make a big progress with each other theorists, suggest morals that do not need higher existence and God, and can recognize him. Moral responsibility Hume and Kant share some basic principles, but they have different views on morality. I found some moral theory by comparing the different opinions of human will to determine moral value and the sayings established by David Hume and Immanuel Kant.

Whether humans really have free will or whether their lives are completely decided is decided. This free will problem continues to be a place of philosophical debate forever. Many great philosophers tried to answer this question, but none of them answered as much as Immanuel Kant. He put the foundation of his argument in the foreword of the future metaphysics. In response to David Hume 's skepticism, Kant wrote this method, so Kant made a more resolute attempt to metaphysics. The philosophy of the great German philosopher Immanuel Kant in the late 1700s was the foundation of almost all philosophical development since then. Kant's philosophy is called Critical Philosophy or Transcendental Philosophy. Hume's skeptical philosophy spurred Kant's attempt to achieve a combination of rationalism and empiricism. In his "critique of pure reason" (1781), Kant tried to provide a critical explanation of the power and limitations of human reasons to decide what is known and what is not known I will. Kant's conclusion is that reasoning only provides knowledge about what we see and not about things themselves. Kant believes that not only the facts of the facts presented by the senses but also the mind plays an active role in understanding. Ideas do this through basic categories or understanding These categories or forms of understanding are independent of experience. Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804) German philosopher. Kant's "critique of pure reason" tries to combine reason from experiences between reason and empiricism to experience and to remove philosophy. Kant's philosophy affects future German idealists and philosophers such as Shelling and Schopenhauer. Thomas Paine (1737-1809) British and American writers and political activists. He is an avid supporter of American independence. Pain wrote many articles to support Republican ideals. This had a major impact on the revolution in America and France. The noteworthy works are as follows. Human rights (1791) Philosophy of the 1800s. Kant's philosophy stimulated various ideologies such as G. W. F. Hegel and Karl Marx in Germany during the 1800's. Hegel has developed a theory of historical change called the dialectic. There, the conflicting conflict led to the creation of a new unity, and it led to the opposite. Hegel 's theory was transformed into dialectical materialism by Marx. Marx believes that only material things are genuine. He said that all ideas are based on the economy. He believes that dialectics of conflict between capitalists and industrial workers will lead to the establishment of communism, he calls it social and political systems.

Kant said that freedom and reason in Kant's moral can not be regarded as a set of rules that define the necessary means to achieve a specific purpose and must be followed without consideration of the result . The premise that the target object is used as a determinant of will can not produce a moral law; that is, when the will is materially determined its moral problem is not so. Appears. In order to broadly understand Kant's theory of freedom, I will list some arguments about Kant's reason and freedom of criticism for pure reasons, the foundation of moral metaphysics, and criticism for practical reasons. But before I do, I would like to mention some aspects of his view, but I will not discuss in these contexts. One is Kant (Will and Wilkure) (after at least the second critique), the difference in the functions of the two aspects or the will system (MM 6: 213-14, 226). Will is a legislative aspect and through will, a reasonable existence will give our own law; Kant recognizes will for purely practical reasons. It itself is neither free nor free. Willkür is the execution side or function of a will, it is considered a free side In addition to deriving his best moral principles, the most difficult questions about Kant's rationality practice focus on his freedom relationship. A rough overview is consistent, but the view on Kant's subject matter seems to be more than usual in his critical research. (See Kant's moral philosophy by Ellison in 1990, chapter 10, short sketches, and skilled, but undisputable statements.) Interaction with unconditional practice rules "mutually implicit" ( 5: 29 f) Meanwhile, freedom means that practical reasons may be pure (non-organized, unconditional). From the perspective of our moral support, we must be free. Freedom plays a central role in Kant's ethics, as the possibility of moral judgment presupposes it. Freedom is a rational concept with essential practical functions. Without the assumption of freedom, reason can not act. If we believe that we are totally determined by causality and that we are not the reason not to lead ourselves, then any rule attempting to assume a means of achieving a specific purpose is meaningless. I do not think I will completely obey the law of causality and I can act according to the concept of the principle that leads my wish. We can not help, if we want to take action, achieve our goal and understand the world, we can not help but I think that our actions are the result of the unresolved cause.

Immanuel Kant opened up the path of the current moral thinkers, being one of the most important philosophers in contemporary Europe and thought to be an important part of philosophical thinking. He paved the way for philosophers and social behavioral scientists like Piaget. Kant's theory depends on his details on his autonomy and his absolute leadership. Kant believes in autonomy, but he knew that autonomy was flawed, he created absolute orders. Autonomy allows us to create ourselves in terms of our values ​​and ethics. Emmanuel Kant - German philosopher Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804) is considered one of the founder of Western philosophy. In 1781, Kant wrote "a rational critique" that supports the idea of ​​scientific logic and rational thought methods, which makes logical thinking better than doctrine and other authoritative opinions. Bertrand Russell - British philosopher, mathematician, and Bantrand Russell (1872-1970, Episcopal Russell, 3rd) to support the scientific method of Kant believe that knowledge is "a belief consistent with facts" It was. He insists that it is not enough to believe that there is no evidence and instead should check whether there are correct and agreed supporting facts and who agrees (1926). Kantoism is a philosophical theory created by a man named Emmanuel Kant. According to Emmanuel Kant or Kantism, his theory emphasizes the modern position and deals with spiritual philosophy, epistemology and ethics. In 1948, Gamou predicted that large nuclear synthetic radiation should still be filled in the universe. Immanuel Kant was born in Königsberg, East Prussia in 1724. Kant's grandfather moved from Scotland to East Prussia and even his father spelled their last name as "Cant". Kant's father was a saddle maker (craftsman), Kant was unable to go to the university. Kant's parents belong to so-called pious factions, a strict and devout Christian school, and Emanuel is strongly influenced by this kind of thinking. After graduating from college in 1746, Emmanuel Kant needs to be a mentor of wealthy family children for 9 years. German philosophers Immanuel Kant and Karl Marx's work played an important role in the development of different philosophical religious sects. Emmanuel Kant was born in Königsberg, East Prussia in 1724. Currently, Kaliningrad is a poor household with the reverence of eleven children. Through his study, it is clear that Kant was promoted in the value of religious doctrine and faith, as his theory shows the significant influence of his religious education. Kant is accustomed to being a little boy

Daniel C. Dennet said in a wonderful accident, "Our thoughts - if you want - it is as realistic as our dreams" (Kayzer, 37). If this is true, if our thoughts and consciousness are simply dreams and brain structures, what we feel, our memories, and reality are just illusions. . Not only is this the correct remark in science, but also doubts about who we are and what we know. Does philosophy lead us to a better life? Here, Professor Philip Kitcher at Columbia University explains Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Confucius, Mencius, Emmanuel Kant, Friedrich Nietzsche, Albert Coronation, Jean-Paul Sartre and others. Such a wonderful idea helps to find the meaning and happiness of human existence even if there is no "better place". As time passed, philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Kant cast doubt about the meaning of art. Several dialogues in Plato solved the problem of art: Socrates said that inspiration for poetry came from the museum, not rational. He agrees with other forms of Phaedrus (265a-c) sacred craziness (alcoholism, desires and dreams), but in the Republic he would like to cancel Homer's wonderful poetry art and laughter. In 'Aeon', Socrates did not imply his opposition to the Homer of the Republic. Today's Bible, as it is in the modern Christian world, suggests that Hoemier's Iliad plays a role in the ancient Greek world. Socrates and Aristotle dedicated their lives to exchange studies and discovery practices. Most of their ideas are on books like republics and rhetoric. Socrates completed the dialecticism - while one communicates by suggesting an objection, the other responds by preserving an established thinking school. On the other hand, Aristotle explains rhetoric - the ability of a person to persuade people's ideas through a one-way dialogue (also called a demonstration).

The theme of Antigone in 2013 is the fight between political law and moral law; the difference in obeying the law is that it is legal and obeys its own morality as you think it is right. Antigone's role faced this struggle when Kryon refused to bury Antikone's Polykines brothers. The ancient Greeks believed that it was forbidden to enter the afterlife without proper burial. Through her own moral position Beginning from the origin of Western philosophical thinking, people became interested in moral law. As Hume pointed out in his thesis, "morality is the theme that makes us happy" (David Hume's "Anthropology theory"). First, the idea of ​​how to live is the problem of having the most satisfying life, "The Virtue of Managing Relationships between One Person and Others" (JB Schneewind's " Philosophy "). But having a lifestyle perspective is best for everyone. Kant's responsibility system is based on special advantages and bad habits; these obligations are based on moral law, the highest principle of morality. According to Kant, the moral law highlights that it is an absolute command (CI) for incomplete and limited rational creatures such as us. All our responsibilities are based on this highest ethical principle. In the basic work, Kant described in detail some of his CI statements. A formula of universal law orders, "based on the saying that you can make it a universal law at the same time" (G. 4: 421). The universal natural law formula, "as if your motto motto was made by your will" (G. 4: 421). The last expression is the command itself. "So, whether it's yourself or someone else, it's always the last time, not just as a means, but as a use of human behavior" (G 4: 429) According to Kant, the moral value of action depends on the will of that person, which is the only thing in the world that can be regarded as good if it is not qualified. Act in good faith according to ethical responsibility / legal measures. Moral law consists essentially of an absolute series of maxims - we are responsible for acting in accordance with absolute orders. Kant pointed out that a true moral proposition can not be tied to specific conditions, including the identity of the person making the decision. The Code of Ethics is not related to the specific physical details surrounding the proposition and should be applied to reasonable existence. According to Kant, we have a complete duty not to use maxims that lead to logical contradiction at first. The moral system of Emmanuel Kant was built around the sorting order. Classification order is a universal and absolute ethical standard. These orders build moral ethics, or what Kant calls "moral order". According to him, they must be applied to all situations, every situation. The decision does not change according to the situation. The order of classification is an important feature of the Kant 's order and he believes that true morality depends only on the principle of guiding behavior, not depending on the final result. Kant thinks morality is absolute and proofable; the right thing can be determined by putting actions or maxims into the equation.

Even though they are not aware of your existence, have you ever loved someone so much as you would give them something? How long does it take to leave them in your life? The film "Petra's Tears of Tears" directed by German famous film director Reina Werner Fassbinder explores the inherent operation of each relationship. People I love are consistent in length. The bitter tears of Petra von Kant are based on the events in Fassbinder's own love life. If you are familiar with Petra von Kant's The Bitter Tears, casting is a precious tribute to the movie, its power and a subtle approach to despair. But even if you are not familiar with Fassbinder masterpieces, Casting will function as a vibrant element to regard it independently as a legitimate place in the world. Judith Engel is a documentary filmmaker who makes remake of "Petra von Kant's bitter tears" matching Fassbinder's 75th birthday and debuts as a television film director. Very uneasy women seem to be ashamed of debut in the movie world (not to mention about motherhood) Vera can not decide who should play Petra, the rest of the crew I am making members crazy. One of the most famous movies of the legendary German new wave movie writer Reina Werner Fass Binder was his 1972 adaptation of his drama, Petra von Conde's bitter tears. This film is totally shot in the lineup of all female actors and when it becomes interdependent, it is seeing the dark, distorted side of love (or we are convinced that it is love It is. The famous fashion designer Margit Carstensen fell in love with a young lady Hanna Schygulla and was absorbed in her longtime silent assistant Irm Hermann. The dynamics of the relationship between the three women is all about ownership and obsession. Petra is obvious, not to mention other people who are embarrassed about her life, but it is prosperous in controlling and abusing Karin and Marlene. Finally, she tortured by herself The first one is bitter tears of Petra von Kant of Rainer Werner Fassbinder, an iconic building of the world's cinema. Extensive extras complement this omission that was once obvious. "Palm Beach Story" by Preston Sturges is an exciting story in the history of Hollywood before the Second World War, and a pair of contemporary films including Lucielia Martel's 2001 Rashi Naga and Gaimadin's 2007 movies now Added season Criterion collection. My Winnipeg The latter's latter is based on the quality of the initial collaboration between the director and the family video tag Brand Upon The Brain and offers particularly exciting advice! This is a great success several years ago.

For Kant and Luther, the problems of human freedom and the number of individual freedoms (if any) are determined to achieve a noble morality. But it is Kant that Luther is arguing, that is, through freedom of religion, I believe in a fatal outlook. For Luther, without God's guidance, we have no freedom to live a moral life. On the other hand, for Kant, Luther insists that individuals are in an "immature" state, so that moral freedom can not be achieved. Kant understanding moral freedom and moral principles has been a key to discussing morality from long ago. His moral philosophy is the philosophy of freedom. No one's freedom, Kant's idea, moral evaluation and moral responsibility are also impossible. Kant believes that if a person can not take other actions, that action is not moral. He further believes that there is a conscience to make everyone understand that moral law has authority over them. Kant called it a "rational fact" and thought that he was the foundation of human freedom. However, Kant believes that the whole nature will follow the principle of strict Newton's causality. In other words, all our physical behavior is caused not by our free will, but by previous events. So how is freedom and morality possible? Hume and Kant believe that freedom is indispensable to morality. In addition, both believe that philosophical theory and advocacy of human morals will harmonize a universal causality need (determinism) and freedom. But they offer different ways to understand different concepts of freedom, different ways to harmonize them with necessary, and why such reconciliation is important to morality. The scholars agree that Hume is a "compatriot", but there is no agreement on the right label of Kant's position. Kant's moral theory is the core concept of autonomy. Most readers believe that Kant believes autonomy is a reasonable intention or property of an agent. In Kant's view, understanding the concept of autonomy is the key to understanding and prove that moral requirements are important to our authority. Just as Rousseau's view influences Kant, freedom is not limited by any law and is limited by some law. Therefore, the concept of freedom as autonomy exceeds the sense that it is simply "negative", that is, the sense that it is released from actions outside of you. It initially contains the concept of law developed and enacted by itself, and along with it the law with its own decisive authority

I discussed the philosophical significance of Kant's great cosmology in 1755 as "the natural history of the universe". I will discuss how Kant 's interest in Newton' s space powers led to confirm the special version of physics influx theory. Kant's guess about living on other planets as it points out that the important feature of Kant's physics influx theory, the 'flexible movement of the body' is a necessary condition for the possibilities of knowledge It is very important. In general, Kant believes that if it can recognize a deductive principle that the knowledge system can "present intuitively" (4: 471) with a mathematical description, it can only count as science in a truly meaning It is. Therefore, Kant is pessimistic about the possibility that empirical psychology is equivalent to true science. Kant thought that "chemistry is merely systematic art or experimental doctrine, not an appropriate science" (4: 471). Kant's interest in physics theory began very soon. His first work, "A Consideration on the Real Estimation of Vigor" (1749) is the exploration of some basic problems in physics, and it is about how to go about between Leibniz and Descartes Enter "visualization". "(" Energetic ") argument. Quantify the power to move objects (in most cases Kant supports Leibniz) Kant began to investigate purely "transcendental" reasons by establishing his criticisms. He said that there is a boundary and contents. He began looking for restrictions on internal and external content. Kant studied three knowledge systems, mathematics, physical science, metaphysics. Kant said that science must be necessary and universal. This makes mathematics and science reasonable. Kant first broke down judgment into two types of knowledge: analysis and integration. In Prolegomena, Kant criticizes Hume as a mathematical judgment. If he realized this Before Kant, all previous knowledge was thought to have to be analytical. However, Kant believes our mathematical knowledge, the first principles of natural science and metaphysics are a priori and inclusive. Kant believes that the unique nature of this knowledge needs to be urgently explained. Therefore, the core question of criticism is to answer this question: "How is it possible to synthesize a priori judgment?"

Metaphysics in the rehabilitation of Kant and Hume, Kant read David Hume, he said, "I made him awake from his dogmatic sleep.Life problems and prejudice This furthermore Kant is his own metaphysics I urged Hume to reply in the analysis of the theory Kant does not think that Hume can cope with these problems appropriately, in particular to solve the problem of whether Hume is feasible as science Decide to avoid places where Hume is located. After the break, the philosopher Emmanuel Conde started reforming metaphysics. Kant believes that metaphysics is impossible if Hume is right. However, Kant did not want to give way to Hume 's skepticism, so Kant began to criticize the possibility to explore and reform metaphysics. Kant began to criticize the quest for 'transcendental' knowledge in philosophy. Kant began looking for the "transcendental" principle that can reasonably be inferred to explain why he thinks it can not be detected. Kant believes that the only way we can get the necessary and universal thing is through 'a priori'. Kant found that the notion of causality is not the only concept to understand things 'a priori' but the metaphysics confirmed to consist completely of these concepts. (8) "Prolegomena", Kant said he had read David Hume, "let him awake from an arbitrary sleep." This is a study of Hum's human understanding, which allows Kant to recognize the problems and prejudices of life that he had not previously realized. It further encouraged Kant to answer Hume in his own analysis of metaphysical theory. Kant does not believe that Hume can cope with these problems appropriately, and decides to avoid the place where Hume is located, in particular to solve the problem of whether Hume is possible as science . Kant answered Hume's question directly in metaphysical analysis. Hume stopped thinking and was skeptical of the existence of metaphysics as science, and Kant accepted it. He continues to analyze the effectiveness of metaphysics as science and power in our lives. Talking about other people who can trust in the field of science, such as Copernicus, Kant developed a new way to observe the world. But like Hume, Kant encountered obstacles and could not find a solution.

If we are morally responsible, how do we decide it? Initially, the concept of control principles was put into practical use until people noticed that they did not actually practice it, which led to the creation of moral luck. Two philosophers who opposed the concept of moral luck were Nagel and Kant. I think Kant has a good foundation for what he believes, but I do not think he has answers to the roles that luck plays in our decisions. After the paper by Thomas Nagel and Bernard Williams, the literature on moral luck began to become serious. Although not under the heading "moral luck", the issue of moral luck has been discussed before articles by Nagel and Williams. Nagel's paper is written as Williams' comment, but their focus is quite different. Nevertheless, the same problem still exists at the core of the two papers. In fact, it is also a central issue of moral literature: the idea of ​​this moral difference is very broad. Various differences are considered. The most obvious is that the moral responsibility of a person may be different, but luck affects the moral defense of our behavior, which affects the moral status of people. In his classical 'moral luck' (1979) paper, Thomas Nagel argues that moral luck reveals paradox in our concept of moral responsibility. The inconsistent paradox of Nagel can be summarized as follows. The central element of our concept of moral responsibility is the control condition (hereinafter called CC), which can be represented in the form of a schematic: the inevitable result of CC is that people You should not be responsible for something beyond the control of. Factors such as compulsion, unconscious movement and excuses ignorance How does Nagel understand the idea that "people can bear moral responsibility only for what they do?" In other words, moral luck seems to indicate that his moral responsibility conflicts. According to Nagel's idea, it seems to be as follows. Actions can be evaluated as commendable or expressible only if they can go back to "responsible" or "active" self (hereinafter referred to as "AS"). .1 In fact, this is what CC will do to Nagel. Once the action is connected to your AS in the correct way, the agent can control the action. When action is issued from this self, it can be judged morally, as Nagel asserts, "e is judging him, not his existence or characteristic It is for judging that it is. , P. 36). Therefore, when evaluating behavior ethically, you need to make sure that the behavior is associated with the agent's AS in the correct way.

What is his normative and mandatory concept by replacing "state of nature" with Hobbes' Leviathan theory? Discuss three artists in different fields on the relationship between normative and mandatory things to change or update these concepts. British philosopher Thomas Hobbes of the 17th century is now widely recognized as one of the few truly great political philosophers. It is very important in work. This article outlines philosophical literature and explains various common understanding points between traditional concepts of common interest such as Plato, Aristotle, John Locke, J. J. Rousseau, Adam Smith, G. Hegel, John Rawls, Michael Walzer. It also includes some important differences, especially the difference between "common" and "distributed" views. Finally, we will consider three important themes in literature: democracy, community sharing, and a competitive market. In order to understand these problems, we must first distinguish between common interests that play outstanding roles in welfare economics, various product concepts, and inevitable discussions of welfare political ethics. In the west, there are many books and articles on universal human rights. Kant, Hobbes, Rousseau, Rock, Rawls and many other philosophers are often quoted in discussions. However, few Western philosophers try to explore Chinese philosophy and analyze human rights. Many western scholars simply deny the seeds of human rights and democracy in the Chinese tradition. In short, many Western scholars believe that the concept of human rights is not the East but the fundamentals of the West. During the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from 1946 to 1948, it was noted that human rights are identical to western values. At that time, the executive committee of the American Anthropological Association warned that the 'declaration' was 'right to assert rights based only on values ​​spreading in Western Europe and the United States.' (Quoted from Nickel, 1987, page 68)

The two great philosophers, Immanuel Kant and Aristotle, opposed the actions whom Edward Snowden was a whistleblower to disclose internal information to the American citizens. Snowden, the National Security Agency and CIA computer expert, thought that he was wrong and discovered that he should be known to American citizens, so I decided to disclose it. Based on his philosophy, Aristotle will constitute the assertion that the behavior of Snowden is a good person, not a believer of a city. Immanuel Kant is the most famous metaphysician in the history of philosophy and since his pioneering research on the development of this theme by Aristotle, his "critique of pure reason" is the most comprehensive analysis of metaphysics There is no doubt. . Unfortunately, as I will briefly explain, for human beings, Kant committed a small but fundamental mistake. ... Even if there is movement, it combines two elements (spatiotemporal) and assumes some empirical things. For example, movement premises something that can be moved. However, since there is no moving thing in the space considered, the movement must be empirical data, that is only seen in space through experience. Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804) German philosopher. Kant's "critique of pure reason" tries to combine reason from experiences between reason and empiricism to experience and to remove philosophy. Kant's philosophy affects future German idealists and philosophers such as Shelling and Schopenhauer. Thomas Paine (1737-1809) British and American writers and political activists. He is an avid supporter of American independence. Pain wrote many articles to support Republican ideals. This had a major impact on the revolution in America and France. The noteworthy works are as follows. Human rights (1791) AP: On the philosophical side, I have completed my interpretive research "Kant's meta-theory: the first critical basis of his behavioral theory". First of all, to prove that Kant's morality is not understood. It has no meaning. Second, the interpretation of Kant's ethics shows how to help solve some of the long-standing problems in the decision theory of Ramsey-Savage - the theory of decision theory Standard This version will help solve some of the longstanding problems in Kant's ethics. For more than a century, these two areas have always crossed the cantrest which is regarded as a deadly enemy and can not be overcome each other. It is time to put this hostility aside and incorporate each conceptual resource into a joint project.

Steve McQueen directed four examples of the philosophical argument of Immanuel Kant and G. W. F Hegel in the 2013 film "12 Years of Slave". Hegel's spiritual phenomenology shows two ideologies. The classification of the relation between him and the Lord complements the political thinking of Kant 's absolute order. In "Basic foundation of moral metaphysics", Kant pointed out that in absolute command of moral norms, human beings are not subjective objectives but their own objective objectives. German idealist philosophy course - in the context of Emmanuel Kant, Friedrich Schelling, G. W. F. Hegel et al. Met a modern thinker who criticizes the philosophical tendency of the latter half of the 18th century. It often results in the title of "idealism." Idealism usually begins with the publication of Kant's purely reasonable criticism in 1781. This book is regarded by many philosophers as one of the most important philosophical works in history. Among them, Kant finally made it possible for humans to show rational thought and to discover their own rationality limit by showing unprecedented intellectual strength. Furthermore, one of the most outstanding conclusions of criticism is Kant's reasoning about various "categories" of human perceptions of the world, such as time and space. The concept of G. W. F. Hegel 's revolution is completely dependent on his view of history. Hegel emphasizes Kant's theory of conceptuality and understands history as a rational process that "concept of freedom" realized itself. From his macroscopic point of view, this phased development, objective "spiritual" self-realization is based on the principle of dialectic principle. It replaced China, India, the Persian "East Asian" civilization, the ancient Greece, the medieval "night" of the Roman Empire, and finally the "Germanic" era of reform and enlightenment. Era, Renaissance, and feudal period (cf. Hegel, 1991). Therefore, the American and French revolution in 1791, or Haitian slave uprising, must be interpreted as an indicator of the current stage of the development of the concept of freedom.

Kant's "critique of pure reason" indicates that there are multiple categories, and he uses logic to derive these conclusions. "It is also possible to intuitively synthesize only the unity of expressions that differ intuitively by the same function with different representation unity.This is often called purely understanding concept.Therefore, The logical form brings about the same behavior of the concept and also brings transcendental content to that expression through integration of diversity in a general intuition. My own opinion is that the criticism of Kant of philosophical multiculturalism based on advertising is also caused by the old and deep tendency of the 19th century, the 20th century, the 21st century, that is anti - Cantanism, or simply anti - Canti is. I mean Kant and Kant's philosophy, and even prejudice against fear. Furthermore, in the American McCarthyism from the end of the Second World War and from the late 1940s to the 1950s, the mainstream British and American academic philosophy almost all German philosophy (except for early analysis philosophers like Eph) . Just as most of Europe's philosophy influenced by Marxist is a moral aura, members and colleagues of reggae, Wittgenstein, Carnap, and other Vienna circles are moral by Nazi style fascism aura Contaminated with related pollution, Russia, Stalinist communism Since the 20th century, critics tended to think that Kant had a tense relationship with religion, which is not a general view of the 19th century. The letter from Karl Leonhardt's Line Hold made Kant the first known. She wrote: "I believe that I can deduce religion without reservation, in particular Christian interests are in full compliance with reasonable criticism, one of Kant's first comments, John Schulz, "Is this system itself fully integrated with Christian faith, the latter's deity and good deed are more obvious?" As Friedrich Nietzsche said this view through the 19th century , He said, "Kant's success is only the theologian's success." Spinosimism is widely believed to be the cause of the pantiesism controversy. Even atheism is a complicated pantheism This article examines the latest trends in Kant scholarship on religious philosophy and these trends are in a general view of Kant as a philosopher who decisively holds metaphysical things, especially metaphysical metaphysics I claim to challenge. This view is often used to justify the anti-metaphysical grounds of most modern theology and religious philosophy; a discreet picture that Kant is now appearing is causing problems for this attraction.

Many philosophers are proving how knowledge human beings have and knowledge. Kant, Rock, and Descartes took different positions and piloted points. For example, Descartes believes certainty comes from human reason, but Locke believes that all certainty comes from human experience. Kant combines these two theories and points out that both rationality and experience are necessary for certainty. All three arguments are valid, but I personally think that Kant's view is the strongest. Both Rock and Descartes' discussions are going down a little. Most epistemological theories are not purely reasonable as Descartes. In addition, although the influence of Kant is enormous, contemporary theorists do not accept the concept of synthesizing prior knowledge based on Kant's transcendental idealism. Nevertheless, many epistemologists believe that naturalistic resources can not cope with skepticism and fundamental problems of the nature of cognitive defense well. Or they believe they can cope only through questions like these resources appealing. On the other hand, Naturalists argue that there is nothing in transcendental epistemology. Unless epistemology is entirely based on the practice of scientific exploration and the results obtained thereby, it is totally different from evidence and strategy which is the only evidence that can be proved or confirmed eventually. There are few that Kant can break the position as one of the most influential moral theorists of the present age. But Kant took a break and started racist anthropology. Kant accepted the appearance of multiple bodies. Kant argues that in a hierarchical order of human kind, only white people can get voluntary and complete moral and rational ability - a real person -. Kant's moral equality principle applies only to Caucasians, so there is a quantitative limit. His excellence has deeply rooted these ideas into the classification of mankind until the 20th century. (Kant 's racist racism is now abnormal as it attracts some academic attention.)

When a person dies, he will go. This is the problem people have been thinking from the beginning. In the depths of mankind, people are the power of reason. According to reasonable explanation, this world is not the end of everything. People can not understand the concept of stopping existence. For that reason, a myriad of people have proposed the idea of ​​life after death for many years. Christianity calls it redemption. Buddhism calls it enlightenment. But whatever its name, it includes what is after death. Kantoism is a philosophical theory created by a man named Emmanuel Kant. According to Emmanuel Kant or Kantism, his theory emphasizes the modern position and deals with spiritual philosophy, epistemology and ethics. In 1948, Gamou predicted that large nuclear synthetic radiation should still be filled in the universe. Emanuel Kant was born in Königsberg, East Prussia in 1724 and was a philosopher and professor who died in 1804 (Turner, 2012, paragraph 2). Kant developed a theory of occupational ethics focusing on nonsequential moral theory. According to Thiroux and Krasemann (2012), Kant's theory states that ethical problems can be answered by different reasoning (page 50). Another ethical theory compared with Kant's professional ethics theory is the utilitarian ethical theory. Utilitarianism has two forms According to Kant, morality is a priori like metaphysics, meaning that our moral responsibility is determined independently of empirical considerations. Therefore, Kant's morality can be contrasted with an ethical view such as utilitarianism. It thinks that the morals of action arise from the result. Based on moral metaphysics, Kant reviewed his basic moral principles he called "absolute order". The moral principle is "order" as it orders and it is "absolute" irrespective of the specific trends and circumstances of the actor, that is to say unconditionally. We point out that this moral principle is given by reason and that we can act only in a way that our code of conduct, the code of conduct, can be used as a universal law. People acting according to non-universal maxims fall into real contradiction Emanuel Kant's moral system was built around the sorting order. Classification order is a universal and absolute ethical standard. These orders build moral ethics, or what Kant calls "moral order". According to him, they must be applicable to all, all situations and all occasions. The decision does not change according to the situation. The order of classification is an important feature of the Kant 's order and he believes that true morality depends only on the principle of guiding action, not depending on the final result. Kant believes that morality is absolute and provable; the right thing can be determined by putting actions or maxims into the equation.

The moral importance of Kant's beauty I insist on Kant's aesthetics interpretation. There, the beautiful experience plays a role in an invisible church of natural religion just like the church in which the church religion is visible. Therefore, I believe that Kant himself implicitly connects aesthetics and morality (in third criticism and religion) is much stronger than critics explain. Indeed, for Kant, to find Kant's belief that morality finally ended - in order to find a moral community - human moral psychology requires expression of moral value, so it requires an aesthetic experience maybe. One of the last important aspects of Kant's aesthetic theory is that beauty is claiming to be a "symbol" of morality (5: 351 ff), an aesthetic judgment is a kind of moral recognition "moral It is like things. This is because certain aspects of taste judgment (see 7a above) are similar in important aspects of moral judgment. Even if it does not lead to obvious beneficial results, the immediacy of aesthetic appreciation and selfless correspond to the honorable requirement of moral quality: it itself is good. The freedom to participate in the evaluation of a beautiful university reminds us the freedom of freedom and the premise that moral needs. The universality and necessity included in aesthetic judgment correspond to the universality and inevitability of the moral law. In short, Kant believes that sensitivity to aesthetic pleasure helps prepare the mind for moral recognition. Moral theory was developed by Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804). Kant believes that the ultimate outcome is not the most important, but on the contrary, what really matters is deciding the ethical intent of the decision or the action itself. Kant evaluates the morality of human behavior and ignores the result. He further believes that, regardless of the expected outcome, we have the necessary responsibilities and should not give up their responsibilities. According to Kant, these obligations are absolute and must be applied equally to everyone. As a result of action. Emmanuel Kant is a moralist who believes that ethical behavior can overcome the result. He believes that it is morally important to keep your duty and goodwill. Kant created an absolute order containing three expressions: the universal law, the end itself and the kingdom of purpose, and the conclusion, unless everyone is doing this, he should do something It was that it was not. As a volunteer, Kant mentioned two different responsibilities: complete obligation means morally subject to violation and incomplete obligation, and violation will not lead to contradiction. On the other hand, John Stuart Meal studied Utilitarianism. Mill believes in actions that maximize utility. His goal is to bring maximum happiness to the maximum number of people and reduce pain. Kant believes in responsibility; Mill believes that the value of action can be measured only by result. For Kant, this is an absolute command,

In the process of growth, I have the right to freely choose who I want to be free and decide what I want to do. Since I was a child I had the opportunity to try various opportunities and new things. The simple life I lived as a child was protected and loved by everyone, but I forgot the reality, I got lost in my own "perfect" world. However, as I grew and beyond the imaginary world, the concept of "perfection" began to fade and the reality started to disappear. Like cold water, I changed from a simple attitude to an adult. John Stuartmir's "practical" ethical theory and Immanuel Kant's "sorting order" ethical theory. According to utilitarianism, euthanasia is morally justified, and according to Kantism, euthanasia is morally irrational; however, I lead these two positions to their particular position Argued that it is due to a large defect inherent in inference. There is no suitable solution to this problem. According to Utilitarianism, morality is mainly of the kind ... the theory behind Utilitarianism is that if the it does not promote happiness or joy, the behavior of a person that it is wrong promotes happiness and happiness This is the case. The point of this theory is the principle of utility, "maximum happiness to the people who should be the most". (Palmer) Jeremy Bentham basically brought it to the name of Utilitarianism. I pay more attention than those before him Utilitarianism is the opposite of Kant's moral theory. Kant's theory is based on human reason and Utilitarianism is based on reason and experience. Utilitarian problem is that the greatest happiness for most people is to sacrifice a few people. Therefore, doing the maximum number that promotes maximum happiness is not always right. Utilitarianism can best explain in the case of "people who left Omilus". The city of Omeras is the ideal utopia. It has everything you might want, but it pays a price. Every Omeria knows their happiness, and the perfect utopia depends on the child. This child must always be trapped in a small room in the basement. Their happiness completely depends on this child's suffering. If you want this child to leave this room, all of these will destroy the city of Omeras.

Introduction One of the main reasons for establishing human rights is to protect everyone's life and public space. The essential characteristic of human rights is that they are equality rights and they are aimed at providing protection equally to all people. These rights are enacted through legislation passed by state and international treaties. Human rights law has evolved over time and has been influenced by many factors including past philosophical theories. The fundamental principles of John Mill's utilitarianism and Emanuel Kant's moral metaphysics suggest different views of the two philosophers about the field of moral philosophy. Compared to Kant 's metaphysical segmentation and its use in proof of validity and error, Mill' s utilitarianism is a more sophisticated ethical theory. Kant takes his confirmation of metaphysical survival as discipline of his moral philosophy. If the law has moral power it will be the foundation. When Kant holds the theory of rationalism, Mill has an empirical theory. Kant is morally ethical in the form he believes, it is necessary for practical judgment of freedom and reason. Utilitarian theory of Miller is a kind of resultism. Because the correctness and badness of behavior depends on the outcome. Kant's pure ethics is the basis of his absolute command and provides the basis for his theory of universal duty. Utilitarian theory of Miller is the main form of resultantism John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham are recognized as founder of Utilitarianism. Contrary to Kant 's moral theory, Utilitarians oppose the majority of Kant' s theory. Kant believes that the intention of action should be considered moral or immoral, but J.S Mill and Bentham say that this is actually the result of actions that determine ethics. Mueller tried to solve the controversy between good and evil through his "utilitarian" theory, his moral theory based on "greatest happiness for most people". Mill thinks that behavior is proportional to the amount of morally correct or created happiness. He defines happiness as happy and painless and believes that happiness is the sole basis of morality.

Mr. Hume said that rationality alone is not enough for people to take action. He said that power to promote action is passion. Passion is the driving force of inner existence, Reason is a slave of passion. The conclusion that leads to impulsivity is caused not by rationality itself but by its guidance. Please let love, anger, fear, anxiety, jealousy act. When someone is angry, they are filled with passion. Not only that "I get angry today", but a person did not say to myself. The philosophy of Immanual Kant (1724-1804), the most influential philosopher since Aristotle, is an attempt to answer the skeptical philosophy of David Hume (1711-1776). According to Hume there is no reason to believe the causal relationship; for example, just because an object seems to have a law of gravity that always causes objects of the past to fall to the ground, the object will not change at such next gravity law There is no reason to believe it to follow. Kant agreed that Hume agreed that he could not understand how something behaves in the real world or the real world. But Kant adds new wrinkles. He thinks that each person's mind builds up a subjective world and that this subjective world is the world that each of us "knows". For the most part of this section I will explain the ethical aspects of Hum's ethics Kant, but I would like to start with a brief overview of Kant's mature moral philosophy. This is done by explaining five important functions for Kant's ethics. This helps to take this into account when dealing with Kant 's response to Hume' s ethics. Second, Kant's concept of autonomy is one of the more central, unique and influential aspects of his ethics. Kant defines autonomy as "an attribute of will" and itself is a law (it is independent from the attribute of the object of will) "(G 4: 440). According to Kant, it is autonomous because the will of the moral actor gives moral law to itself (which is self-legal) and can bind or motivate himself to comply with the law. Hume and Kant are active with two different moral values. It will help explain some of the differences between their respective moral and philosophical approaches. The most important difference is that Kant regards law, duty and obligation as the core of morality, while Hume does not. In this respect, Kant's moral concept is similar to the "moral system" of Bernard Williams, which mainly defines the moral field based on the unconditional constraints and the form of inevitable duty (Williams 1985 : 193-94). Kant believes that our moral concern is a matter of liability, which is mainly imposed on us by law with its own moral needs. Like most philosophers in the eighteenth century, he believes that our moral life is deeply involved in how we maintain benign issues in our lives

For example, if Jack tries to steal something for himself, it should be done because it is correct for him. The main argument about psychological self-interest is that people take action to satisfy the desires of others. For example, Jack is playing video games, and he asked that his mother asked her to help with cooking. He did this to meet his desires, not to satisfy his own desires; he sat down to do some mother who fulfilled his desires but chose to help him. However, moral egoism refers to this phenomenon in a completely different way from psychological egoism. And psychological egoism is descriptive theory (people insist on acting in some way), moral self-interest is a normative theory (people insist that they should act in some way). People are not psychological egosists, they may become moral egoists. The problem with this argument is that it contradicts the central idea of ​​moral egoism and ultimately depends on the principle of mercy rather than the principle of true self-interest. In other words, it only supports moral self-interest as a strategy for pursuing other values ​​- clearly general welfare; it does not support moral self-interest as a fundamental principle of morality. Moral egoism is a normative moral position that moral entities should do for their own benefit. It is different from the psychological egoism which claims that people can act only for their own interests. Moral self-interest is also different from reasonable self-interest Rational self-interest thinks that it is reasonable to act for your own benefit. Therefore, moral egoism thinks in this sense that the result can be regarded as moral that it will benefit the actor. Moral egoism is in contrast to moral altruism, and we believe that moral subjects are obliged to help others. Egisim and altruism are in contrast to moral utilitarianism, and moral actors respect themselves more than respect for others (also known as the subject) (by increasing the ego). Profit and "self") identity of others not permitted) At first glance, the theory of moral egoism and psychological self-interest may seem to be very similar, but in reality it is important that their position to make normative or descriptive claims It differs greatly. Moral self-interest is a result-oriented moral theory, everyone seeks something just for their own benefit, and we think that we should propose normative claims in this way. Moseley (2006) says: "Promoting our own interests is always moral, promoting our own morals is never moral.

Emmanuel Kant's "Foundations of Moral Metaphysics" and Johan Stuart Mill's Utilitist Emmanuel Kant and John Stuart Muller are both philosophers. How to form to solve moral problems. In his "moral metaphysics fundamentals" Immanuel Kant mentioned issues based on his belief that human values ​​are inherent in his reasoning ability. John Stuart Mill advocates another point that seems to be controversial to Kant's idea in the book "Utilitarianism". John Stuartmir's "practical" ethical theory and Immanuel Kant's "sorting order" ethical theory. According to utilitarianism, euthanasia is morally justified, and according to Kantism, euthanasia is morally irrational; however, I lead these two positions to their particular position Argued that it is due to a large defect inherent in inference. There is no suitable solution to this problem. According to Utilitarianism, morality is mainly of the kind ... the theory behind Utilitarianism is that if the it does not promote happiness or joy, the behavior of a person that it is wrong promotes happiness and happiness This is the case. The point of this theory is the principle of utility, "maximum happiness to the people who should be the most". (Palmer) Jeremy Bentham basically brought it to the name of Utilitarianism. I pay more attention than those before him Classical utilitarianism is an ethical theoretical approach introduced by philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. A scholar like Immanuel Kant of "legal philosophy" in front of them regards punishment as a moral obligation. Kant believes that sanctions are not for the promotion of good but for direct punishment of perpetrators. Classical utilitarianism also shifts the point of punishment to its purpose and result. Based on the Utilitarian approach, sanctions can be justified if sanctions can bring the greatest benefit to most people. Punishment is reasonable if you can prevent you from creating public safety from crime.

Kant's View on Enlightenment The best summary of Kant's enlightenment is in the first paragraph of his thesis, "Answer to the question: What is enlightenment?": Sapere Aude. Please translate it as "know by dare". This sentence is "motto of enlightenment". For Kant, enlightenment means getting out of a voluntary coma. It replaces obedience with rationality and reduces the development of human thinking and natural abilities. Laziness and jealousy prevent people from stimulating themselves. German philosopher Kant summarized the view of "enlightenment in the dark ages" as "a distortion not understood by human thought" (Anderson, 1987, p. 415). Kant was defined as "the rise of mankind from immaturity" in 1784. He declared that "motto of enlightenment" is the father of Sapelle! Please have the courage to use your own understanding "(Elliot and Whitlock, 1992, p. The motto is taken from Horace Kant's View on Enlightenment The best summary of Kant's enlightenment is in the first paragraph of his thesis, "Answer to the question: What is enlightenment?": Sapere Aude. Please translate it as "know by dare". This sentence is "motto of enlightenment". For Kant, enlightenment means getting out of a voluntary coma. It replaces obedience with rationality and reduces the development of human thinking and natural abilities. Laziness and jealousy will stop mankind ... The 18th century was called "era of enlightenment". Trends in thoughts and letters from European to American colonies have brought new highlights and concerns to humanity. This new movement depicts the age of Western philosophy and cultural life. And that claims rationality as the main source and justification of authority. "It is a broad goal to understand rationality and not depend on religious beliefs to understand nature and the status of mankind. What is not so revolutionary is the concept of world history of Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804) from the international perspective (1784). Starting from the historical view of enlightenment, Kant is a journey of rationality and progress of freedom. However, given his epistemology, he could not infer that advances in scopos in history such as Voltaire and Condorc were empirically recognizable in the past. This is not a proofable fact, but it is a necessary condition for the past to be meaningful. The whole merciful character. Historical wars, famine, and natural disasters should be regarded as natural tools, and ultimately will lead people to citizen relationships that maximize freedom and justice.

In a view of a genius as part of criticism of Kant's aesthetic judgment, Kant began to explain what art works are, and by doing so he insisted that "art should be regarded as genius art." (Page 168, "Judgment of Judgment", Emmanuel Kant). Then he continues to prove this and explain the composition of the genius and how to accomplish the work of genius. Kant pointed out that, in order to enable art work, it must have certain rules based on it. In the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, genius is the ability to independently reach and understand concepts that must be taught by others. For Kant, originality is an essential feature of a genius. This genius is a creative talent that can be described as non imitation. Discussions on the characteristics of Kant's genius are mainly included in "criticism of trial" and are welcomed by Romanticism in the early 19th century. In addition, the theory of genius in Schopenhauer, in particular the talent and the theory of liberation from detention, comes directly from Kant's first criticism paragraph. The explanation of Kant's genius points to the romanticism of the 19th century, but verses 48 and 50 emphasize that genius will only produce great art when it tastes. In the absence of "academic justification" that restricts elements of the form of art work, Genius has no meaning of risk. However, genius does not communicate according to established customs, but also includes the originality of "being blessed with artistic rules naturally". In verse 49, Kant said that the soul or soul is not a matter of formality but content matter. When the work suggests that the imagination of the audience "spreads to many similar exhibits", the spirit will exist, as a result the works have rich associations, but they are encapsulated in a specific concept or definition It can not be changed. In short, a genius needs natural talent to express the idea that "I can not speak" through imagination. Kant explains that the genius has four parts. The first part of a genius says it is a genius. Genius can neither learn nor explain, it has essentially it. The second part of the genius is whether something is copied and liked by others. Thirdly, genius can not explain it, it just ended. A genius can not teach it or explain in stages how things are done. The fourth and last step is a way without genius. Because imagination is also necessary, talent is not enough

Kant's basic research on moral metaphysics in "basic engineering of moral metaphysics" suggests that Immanuel Kant, which is good faith, is the only benefit. Moral testing is considered a sorting order. Kant believes that CI can be formulated in several different ways. Expression of universal law b self-termination c. The official of Kant's Kingdom comply with the laws of science as the principle of model rationality. The absolute command introduced in Immanuel Kant's "Ethical Metaphysics Foundation" is the basic concept of Kant's moral philosophy (foundation: From popular moral philosophy to moral metaphysics, part 2). The absolute order includes three statements that are used to determine the moral relevance of any intention or obligation. The first of these statements is to act so that your saying (behavioral norm) can become a universal law. The second method is not just a means but to treat others as a purpose. The third is to live forever in the field of purpose where you can imagine yourself as a legislator or the root of moral law. Kant detailed the moral theory in the moral foundation of "foundation of moral metaphysics" (1785), "Critique of practical reason" (1788), and "moral metaphysics" (1797). The discussion he got from the basic work is his most famous and influential, so the following focuses on them. Kant began his argument from the premise that moral theory must be based on unconditional good things. If something is only conditional and good, that is, if the benefit depends on others, others are only conditional and in that case their good depends on another Things, or it will be good unconditionally. Then all goods must go back to unconditional good deeds. We usually think that there are many good things, but it is not really unconditional. There are many kinds of morality. The most important attempt to build a moral doctrine lies in Emmanuel Kant's "Metaphysics of Morality". He started this work by observing that only goodwill is unconditional. For Kant, nothing is impossible in the world. "It is even impossible, in addition to goodwill it can be regarded as an unqualified good thing." So what are the characteristics of intellectual or good judgment and personality such as perseverance and courage? Kant's answer has no basis for these excellent qualifications. These qualities are considered good in many cases, but they may also be used for malicious purposes.

According to the suicide National Institute of Mental Health seen from the eyes of Kant and Hume, "In 2007, [suicide] was the tenth most death cause in the United States and 34,598 people died." Although numbers are small, it is common for people around you to commit suicide, but this is a big problem (NIMH). About suicide, various emotions and opinions are mixed. Some people choose to believe this is the state of mind that will make people feel suicide. Kant argues that Hume 's view is that mathematical propositions are analyzed? It is totally different. ~ 1 1 If Hume uses Kant's term when discussing Hume, it means that the knowledge of mathematics is a priori! Indeed, as we learned from paragraph 2, this term is not strange for Hume; for CeUsal, Hume says. Regardless of any exception, knowledge of this relationship can not be obtained by a priori reasoning under any circumstances, but when it is found that specific objectives are often combined with each other, is. Make sure that things are presented to those with strong natural rationality and ability; if things are new to him, he will cause some cause or influence by the most accurate test of his reasonable quality You will not be able to find it either. (E 2 7) It is mathematics to rest here The reading I chose from Hume and Kant represents their final view on art philosophy. Hume's taste paper is his last philosophical writing, its existence is coincidental. Hume provided this article when his publisher suggested that his articles about suicide and immortality might be sued, but hoped to fill the gap in a series of articles. Kant read some of Hume's translated works, but Kant never read "preference of preference". Some of the paragraphs of "criminal criticism" sound like a reaction to Hume, which is due to their common influence in British tradition, and an understanding of beauty as a taste. Both studied the work of Shaftesbury's third work Anthony Cooper (1671-1713). They insist that we were born in "introverted eyes" which are particularly suitable for aesthetic sense. From the point of view of Aristotle (or French fries), the uniqueness of the Cant method is not special. As he copes with Hume, Kant is close to this as he did, and one of Hume's first challenges is the origin of "thinking". The problem of the first principle relates to the legitimacy of the proposition, but Hume's empirical approach can be traced back to the first question of the validity of the concepts making up the proposition. Rationalists do not worry about this. For Descartes, any concept that can be considered "clearly and clearly" can be used without hesitation or without doubt. Because the empathicist wants to track all "thoughts" back to experience, we are beginning to ask for credentials certificates.

Kant's knowledge theory and the theory of freedom theory began to establish the theory of human understanding in criticism for pure reasons. His approach is to integrate the opposite view of empiricism and rationalism. After Locke and Hume he adopted the principle of experience [1], the basis of our philosophy, that "all our knowledge starts with experience". However, contrary to them, he also includes a reasonable view that there is a tool of human understanding that is in front of experience and is essential for us to have experience. In the 18th century, German philosopher Immanuel Kant developed a knowledge theory in which knowledge about the universe could be a priori or synthetic. According to Kant, knowledge on the universe is synthetic. Because the statement on the universe is not merely the meaning of the word in the statement. In his work Kant refuses the idea that space must be material or relational. Instead, he concluded that human beings do not consider space and time to be objective features of the world, but we have imposed it as part of the framework of organizational experience. One of the most important outcomes of Kant's empirical theory is that the world we are experiencing meets the requirements of empirical possibilities so that it is possible to master the knowledge of the world. Therefore, Kant thinks that the object can only be known if the object can be given in the experience. This aspect of the subject's epistemological state requires several important research areas, and although we wish for knowledge it is not the case. Most importantly, Kant believes that the philosophical exploration of 'super know' things which is not part of the metaphysical transcendental, experience world shows the deadline of philosophy. (Note: There is a subtle, but important difference between Kant's "transcendence" and "transcendence" terms. "A priori" explains the conditions of empirical possibilities. Modern knowledge theory was introduced with his "critic system" by famous philosopher Emmanuel Kant. Some authors believe that knowledge is part of the philosophy of the term epistemology, but now it has evolved into independent science. Education of knowledge, organization of libraries, and many other very practical implementations. For me, knowledge theory is the most useful subject at school as it provides me the basis for solving any problems, questions and challenges in my daily life. The way we study and think about knowledge is a tool in our hands.

In Aristotle's ethics, the ultimate game of the individual is to realize Udaemonia by fully realizing his possibilities and living a good life. As I thought that the concept of eudaimonia was very interesting, I noticed that many moral theories regard happiness as a moral measure and that Kantism is not so. He is an excellent theorist. Kantoism is a philosophical theory created by a man named Emmanuel Kant. According to Emmanuel Kant or Kantism, his theory emphasizes the modern position and deals with spiritual philosophy, epistemology and ethics. - On September 3, 1929, James "Whitey" Bulger was born into an Irish American family in Dorchester, Massachusetts (traditional.com, 2015). As the first child of the six children, White is not usually a noticeable feature, especially as parents continue to produce more children as they get older. As he and his brothers grew, it was clear that the intelligence of White was different from that of young boys. Korsgaard is more interested in the perspective of non-ideal Kant and ideal Kant of Kant. If all of us live in a society that keeps the rules and has good intentions, the ideal Kant theory is a way that we are obliged to be allowed to act. This theory explains how to request defects and incomplete, but excellent people to show each other. On the other hand, the non-ideal Kant theory differs from each other. It explains the actions that we need to show, although many of us have in good faith Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics can be defined as "consciously reflecting our moral belief, with the aim of improving, expanding or completing these beliefs in some way." Two theories on the essence of human ethics In this article, I explain how and why Kant's moral theory and utilitarianism differ, why Kant's theory thinks to provide a more rational ethical assertion I will explain. Replacing Natural Law Theory and Social Contract The sanctity of government authority and individual rights is based on measuring its usefulness or happiness. As an egalitarian doctrine, everyone has equality of happiness, utilitarian rationality and relatively direct nature provide an attractive model for democratic governments.

John Stuart Mill criticized Immanuel Kant and his Classorical Imperative. What he says is that nobody will adopt the result that they generally adopted. "If that is accurate, this is a debilitating critique of Kant's moral theory. The fundamental principles of John Mill's utilitarianism and Emanuel Kant's moral metaphysics suggest different views of the two philosophers about the field of moral philosophy. Compared to Kant 's metaphysical segmentation and its use in proof of validity and error, Mill' s utilitarianism is a more sophisticated ethical theory. Kant takes his confirmation of metaphysical survival as discipline of his moral philosophy. If the law has moral power it will be the foundation. When Kant holds the theory of rationalism, Mill has an empirical theory. Kant is morally ethical in the form he believes, it is necessary for practical judgment of freedom and reason. Utilitarian theory of Miller is a kind of resultism. Because the correctness and badness of behavior depends on the outcome. Kant's pure ethics is the basis of his absolute command and provides the basis for his theory of universal duty. Utilitarian theory of Miller is the main form of resultantism Both Kant and Mill's ethical theory suggest basic basic principles. With this, any moral actor can test his actions and judge the validity and error of that morality. In Kant's system, the central moral concept is the responsibility and the inner human values ​​are autonomy and dignity, all derived from the essence of rational human nature. Muller builds his theory based on empirically determined human perceptions and goal-oriented behavior that humans can observe when pursuing happiness and avoiding pain and suffering. The basic concept of morality discovered by Kant and Mill seems to be necessary for a complete explanation of our common moral sentiments and beliefs. In addition, they all provide a general principle that we can include specific actions and dependent moral rules to test their moral acceptability and effectiveness.

The classification order was designed by Emmanuel Kant to provide a set of maxims (or motives) that must be passed to make the behavior moral obligations. When establishing a classification order, it is a moral obligation to enforce litigation under any circumstances. According to Kant, the main motivation of an individual should always be the obligation to carry out this action, because we can use our reasons to decipher our obligations. Logically, it must be part of a moral actor, since human inference ability is to interpret ours from animals. Rationality is objective and universal for humans, and is therefore a reliable and reasonable basis of moral theory. Classification instructions are determined by referring to three recipes. The first expression, the law of nature, claims to act "only based on generalizable motto". This means that the principle must be able to be executed universally without inconsistency. If this is impossible, it can be logically assumed that behavior is immoral as it is contrary to reason. If governance is not universal, others can not adopt the same moral principle freely. The second formula (self-termination formula) guarantees that you do not take "others or yourself as a means by any means, always for purpose". The only way to use someone else for other purposes is to use their rationality. Finally, "the expression of the kingdom at the end of the year" is required to "act like a legislative member of the universal kingdom". It may not be possible to live in this world, but we must act like us. According to this formula, we must assume that everyone follows the rules you established through actions. If the intended action passes all expressions, this is absolutely necessary, so it is not only correct but also a moral obligation. The moral system of Emmanuel Kant was built around the sorting order. Classification order is a universal and absolute ethical standard. These orders build moral ethics, or what Kant calls "moral order". According to him, they must be applied to all situations, every situation. The decision does not change according to the situation. The order of classification is an important feature of the Kant 's order and he believes that true morality depends only on the principle of guiding behavior, not depending on the final result. Kant thinks morality is absolute and proofable; the right thing can be determined by putting actions or maxims into the equation. Kant is known for his theory, has a moral obligation, it is called "sorting order" and comes from the concept of responsibility. Kant defines the requirement of the moral law as "absolute order". Classification orders are essentially valid principles and they are effective on their own, and if our actions are to comply with moral law, they must be kept in all situations and circumstances not. Classification commands provide tests that can evaluate ethical descriptions. Kant pointed out that moral means and purposes can also be applied to absolute orders and can use appropriate "means" to pursue a "purpose" with reasonable existence Did. Order to make a hypothesis based on physical needs or the end of needs. Absolute orders can be based only on "their own end", ie the end is not a means of other needs, desires or purposes The purpose of this reflection is to clarify Kant's instructional interpretation of absolute order and assumption and to criticize this ethical theory. Emmanuel Kant interprets the absolute order as an ethical act and needs to obey the motto "You can simultaneously make it a world-wide rule" (4: 421). Kant believes it is almost self explanatory, because it believes that action is morally permitted only if it becomes a law that everyone must comply. In understanding this concept, it is also important to understand Kant's meaning accurately through classification of terms and commands. Kant expresses the order as "the official of command" (4: 413), and all instructions are expressed as "should" o

Kant argues that good intentions are the greatest purpose of the existence of a person. It assumes a conscious universe in which the organizational existence and the purpose of its value criterion can be extracted from its review of constitution and talent. This premise is logically consistent with Kant 's other moral theory, but it does not match what we really are actually observing. Kant detailed the moral theory in the moral foundation of "foundation of moral metaphysics" (1785), "Critique of practical reason" (1788), and "moral metaphysics" (1797). The discussion he got from the basic work is his most famous and influential, so the following focuses on them. Kant began his argument from the premise that moral theory must be based on unconditional good things. If something is only conditional and good, that is, if the benefit depends on others, others are only conditional and in that case their good depends on another Things, or it will be good unconditionally. Then all goods must go back to unconditional good deeds. We usually think that there are many good things, but it is not really unconditional. I chose another book by Kant. That is a rather difficult title. It is the basis of moral metaphysics. But fundamentally, this is an introduction of Kant's moral philosophy. In this case, "Introduction" is a misleading term. Because it is an uncontrollable reading. It can not be said that everyone is easy. However, it explains the fundamental principles of Kant's moral philosophy. As I returned to what I said earlier, much of the material of the first basic work was in criticism. It is interesting to see the relationship between the two works. How could a book that should have been fundamentally moral be purely rational criticism? The answer is very relevant to the conversation we have done. Kant recognizes the importance of morality, he recognizes the importance of fulfilling responsibilities according to the distinction between good and evil and living life. Although Kant 's main work on morality is narrowly thought out, moral metaphysics including "rights doctrine" and "virtue theory" (1785), practical rational criticism (1788), moral metaphysics (1797) It is the basis of. Other works indispensable to Kant's moral philosophy include not only student notes on lectures, criticism of judicial rights (1790), religion at purely reasonable boundaries (1793), and anthropology. We provide ethics and various essays on history and political philosophy such as "Guess the beginning of human history" (1786) and "Toward eternal peace" (1795).

What if a small old lady with an absolute command philosophy of Emmanuel Kant's philosophy saw that he was slowly walking in a lively street without forgetting what he was looking in both directions? Most people answer they run to the street to save her. But why do these people do this? Rescue workers may not have anything to do with a small old lady, but they still decided to endanger her life. It is due to the basic and natural instinct. Whether the rescuer quickly reacts to what he / she sees, and allows his reaction to take over his body. Emanuel Kant's moral system was built around the sorting order. Classification order is a universal and absolute ethical standard. These orders build moral ethics, or what Kant calls "moral order". According to him, they must be applicable to all, all situations and all occasions. The decision does not change according to the situation. The order of classification is an important feature of the Kant 's order and he believes that true morality depends only on the principle of guiding action, not depending on the final result. Kant believes that morality is absolute and provable; the right thing can be determined by putting actions or maxims into the equation. Kantism is a philosophy based on Immanuel Kant's ethics, epistemology and metaphysical writings. Kant is known for his moral theory, and there is a moral obligation, a "classification order" arising from the concept of responsibility. Kantian believes that all actions are carried out in accordance with certain basic principles and we believe that absolute orders must be observed in order to make actions ethical. To put it briefly, the test is necessary to disseminate maxims (imagining everyone acting like this) and then see if the world adage can still be executed consistently. In the basic work, Kant raised an example of a person trying to borrow instead of repaying the money. If this is a universal action, he knows that he will never be repaid, so nobody can borrow money, so this is a contradiction. Emmanuel Kant thinks that the moral law is absolute and creates classification orders. Since Kant believes that people can not kill, unmanned vehicles will never choose to kill. I believe that unmanned vehicles will be safer, more regulated and more predictable if they follow the sorting order. We have developed artificial intelligence to make us smarter and more useful; A. I. can now perform very difficult tasks on a human-like level. Many people are concerned about artificial intelligence, and many others are introducing artificial intelligence as soon as possible; however, both know that it is coming. This technology is here and it is very capable, but people are not ready to jump on a fully automated car. This change is an ambitious step. To say that this is a big step for humanity, it will be an extremely discreet expression. Harry Surden and Mary-Anne Williams of the University of Colorado say the following in "opacity of technology, predictability and automatic driving vehicle".

Kant, Arendt, Mill's moral philosophy: Immanuel Kant claims moral ethics. His theory provides a moral perspective based on the principle of goodwill and responsibility. According to him, people can act perfectly according to good will, regardless of the outcome. In addition, in order to act according to those obligations, laws and absolute orders must be observed. Several other philosophers like Hannah Arendt discussed Kant's moral philosophy. The fundamental principles of John Mill's utilitarianism and Emanuel Kant's moral metaphysics suggest different views of the two philosophers about the field of moral philosophy. Compared to Kant 's metaphysical segmentation and its use in proof of validity and error, Mill' s utilitarianism is a more sophisticated ethical theory. Kant takes his confirmation of metaphysical survival as discipline of his moral philosophy. If the law has moral power it will be the foundation. In moral philosophy, the important features of Kant, Mill, and Aristotle's thinking are three common similarities that collectively make them collective in the analysis of moral theory and philosophy. In his book "Ethical Emotional Construction", Prinz explained that the ideas of Mir, Kant and Aristotle constitute a specific group, including other ideas, when moral philosophy was examined in batches. The groups are compared and compared. An example is to compare Hume's and Nietzsche's methods with the collective similarity of Mueller, Kant, Aristotle. "It is important to confirm that Hume and Nietzsche are doing very different things from Kant, Mill, Aristotle." D. It is wrong. Different perspectives - In many different respects, these three philosophical ways are different In the concept of virtue, differences were found, especially compared to Aristotle, Kant, Mil's moral philosophy. There, Mill and Kant saw the perception of Aristotle's virtue in virtue and concept. A similar position. "For Aristotle, not Kant and Mill but virtue is the basis, which is a crucial difference reflected in their overall theory." Aristotle delivered very good results. Explaining the moral model, explaining morality and pursuing moral life should be helped by other aspects of life like education

In the second example, Kant believes that we must guess that each event must be assumed to be determined by a prior event based on causality. There are many explanations in this discussion, but I can not prove that it is valid. In this article, I explained this discussion myself. I gained insight by Robert Paul Wolff. In Kant's argument, since Kant is usually explained, it is necessary to assume that the causal decision of each event is not that it is necessary to impose the "necessary" and "irreversible" chronological order on the representation of the state of the object there is. Create comprehensive representative It is really important to distinguish between the general principle of Cant's causality and the specific causality determined in the second analogy. Equally important, Kant's specific causal relationship is a comprehensive post-incident rather than a comprehensive pre-case (at least in most cases). However, it does not mean that Kant agrees with Hume as to the status of synthetic post - causal law. Conversely, Kant clearly states that in Prolegomena, Paragraph 29 (as we have seen), in paragraph 29 (he made his official "Hume the answer") there is only a fundamental difference between "heuristics" I am talking about. The illuminance of the sun and the true objective law (the sun is the light that passes through it and the cause of the heat) is derived by adding an a priori concept that is due to a simple induction law. In this case (A 91 / B 124): In the second example, Kant believes that we must guess that each event must be assumed to be determined by a prior event based on causality. There are many explanations in this discussion, but I can not prove that it is valid. In this article, I explained this discussion myself. I gained insight by Robert Paul Wolff. In Kant's argument, since Kant is usually explained, it is necessary to assume that the causal decision of each event is not that it is necessary to impose the "necessary" and "irreversible" chronological order on the representation of the state of the object there is. Create comprehensive representative

The classification of Kant argues that Emmanuel Kant is a German philosopher who lived in the late 18th century and is definitely one of the best thinkers ever. He proposed a moral guide that directly opposed moral theory. Many people use his morality as a guide to moral life. The subject I discuss is the absolute command of Kant and the concept of Utilitari's greatest happiness. Both ideas have big problems. However, it is clear that alternatives to these two contradictory thought schools are offered. The most famous classical moral evidence is Kant 's "absolute order". Basically, Kant says it can "act on its motto, but at the same time turn it into a universal law." If you legalize marijuana, you say this should be a universal law. Paying attention to the value of a moral assertion is not an outcome but an action itself (legalization), and it is decided whether action is ethical. If the general law is "You do not kill", it is immoral, so people will not kill. If the common law is "legalization of marijuana", you need to say what motivation is: people are high (and perhaps more happy), reduce crime, allow more freedoms, etc. Strict moralists will consider the legalization of plants to be completely ethical; or at the very least, such behavior should not be interpreted as immoral. Explain how the theory of classical morality and morality ethics solves the ethical and moral issues in legalizing marijuana. Emanuel Kant's moral system was built around the sorting order. Classification order is a universal and absolute ethical standard. These orders build moral ethics, or what Kant calls "moral order". According to him, they must be applicable to all, all situations and all occasions. The decision does not change according to the situation. The order of classification is an important feature of the Kant 's order and he believes that true morality depends only on the principle of guiding action, not depending on the final result. Kant believes that morality is absolute and provable; the right thing can be determined by putting actions or maxims into the equation. Kant is known for his theory, has a moral obligation, it is called "sorting order" and comes from the concept of responsibility. Kant defines the demands of the moral law as "absolute order". Classification orders are essentially valid principles and they are good on their own and if our actions are to comply with moral law they must be kept in all situations and circumstances not. Classification commands provide tests that can evaluate ethical descriptions. Kant pointed out that moral means and purposes can also be applied to absolute orders and can use appropriate "means" to pursue a "purpose" with reasonable existence Did. Order to make a hypothesis based on physical needs and needs end. Absolute commands can only be based on "their own end", ie the end is not a means of other needs, desires or purposes

In the first part, he directed attention to commonsense ethics. Functions such as wisdom and wisdom help to make rational decisions that brings the best results but if you rely only on good intentions, responsibility alone is not enough to judge actions, so it is not moral Mental or moral. In the second part, Kant changed the view of moral philosophy into a metaphysical study of morality. In this part alone, reasonable human nature helps people recognize the morality of action. From a moral point of view, Emmanuel Kant opposed suicide on the basic principle of moral metaphysics. According to the second statement of his explicit order, Kant believes that those who are considering suicide should ask their own question whether their actions are consistent with the essence of human beings. We argue that people are morally considering whether they are willing to generalize their behavior. Kant said, "I think we need to think about ourselves as a means of choosing suicide, he said," I can not use it as a simple means, but I always need to consider it as my purpose in every action There is. " I am immoral. A book report (38,) on Kant's domestic moral metaphysics fundamental principles states, "Your motto seems to be the universal law of nature by your will." This "absolute command" forms the basis of his work "Basic Principles of Moral Metaphysics". Sometimes his sentence is confused, but Kant advocates what his logic is, namely absolute order. Kant divides the book into three parts, and I can imagine a perfect world. Morality is indispensable in our interaction, morality is critically examined, and there is a discussion about reason and passion. This world will be the cornerstone of human achievement. We are at the top of the peak. Why is this? And in today's society, morality is often related to compliance with laws and laws are legislated by politicians, so they are influenced by politics.

Criticism of Kant's object analysis by Schopenhauer Schopenhauer clearly shows that he appreciates Kant's transcendental idealism. His criticism of pure reasons is a genius work [2]. But Schopenhauer believes that Kant commits many mistakes in formulating his philosophy and criticizes Kant's philosophy of discovering them. . In this article, if you want to understand how we understand the reality, since this is an important factor, I would like to analyze the criticism of Kant's decision. Kant's work is a source of inspiration from German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860). Schopenhauer followed Kant in many details but he criticized Kant's philosophy because the different aspects of Kant's philosophy are not completely compatible with himself. This includes Kant's absolute order. To Schopenhauer, Kant's absolute order is simply simplified to the principle of egoism, that is, "you should not do something you do not want others to do." For the sake of explanation, Schopenhauer believes that human behavior is sometimes through others. I am guilty of sympathy for other times. Please worry about your own selfishness or selfishness. He thinks that true moral behavior must be sympathetic, but Kant 's denial of sympathy is a legitimate incentive behind this behavior. Compassion is a common feeling or consideration of us and other people. Like other emotions such as happiness and self-love, sympathy focuses on specific people and specific situations. Arthur Schopenhauer was strongly influenced by Kant 's transcendentalist idealism. Like G. E. Schulze, Jacoby and his former Fichte, he criticized Kant's theory on things themselves. They do not believe that things are the reason we observe, and we are completely inaccessible. Since the first "Critic's review of pure reasons" philosophers criticized Kant's theory of things themselves. Many people believe that this kind of thing exists outside of experience, it can not be thought that it will affect our causal relationship. It is because we need to broaden the category of "causality" beyond the field of experience. For review of this and related literature, Henry Ellison 's Kant' s transcendental idealism revision saw "self" and "emotional problem". For Schopenhauer things do not exist except for irrational will. As Schopenhauer is, the world is a struggle, basically an unconscious will. Another way is Arthur Schopenhauer's criticism of Immanuel Kant, "Kant's philosophical criticism". However Schopenhauer can not be the first scholar that Kant separates the most common form of my phenomenon, but arguing "reverse, kind" behavior is unrelated to a reasonable life There are even things that go against the reasonable convenience of Machiavellian. "It is safe to say that Schopenhauer wrote to Kant at the beginning of this article is worthy of respect: for example, the perfect masterpiece of a truly amazing idea always has a profound and powerful influence all over humankind Can not calculate.The range that far a century and the enlightenment of the nation is achieved.It is always the case.Age does not matter to the masterpiece itself no matter how mature and rich it is, genius always like a tree on the soil It stands on and is rooted in it.

Kant's ethics may be most suitable for modern business. Kant said that correct behavior based on a series of ethical rules should be consistent with these rules and that some other kind of behavior is morally prohibited. He also suggested that people should "respect and use their own ways as a means, not just as a means of other purposes". On the contrary, Mill's morality only focuses on the majority of happiness rather than responsibility itself. Therefore, how can Kant 's "tough" system satisfy business needs rather than Moore's flexible business ethics? The fundamental principles of John Mill's utilitarianism and Emanuel Kant's moral metaphysics suggest different views of the two philosophers about the field of moral philosophy. Compared to Kant 's metaphysical segmentation and its use in proof of validity and error, Mill' s utilitarianism is a more sophisticated ethical theory. Kant takes his confirmation of metaphysical survival as discipline of his moral philosophy. If the law has moral power it will be the foundation. According to these two studies, the big difference between Mill and Kant is in the gradual change in morality. In Kant's scientific metaphysics, a person can still be regarded as a moral honesty though he is still selfish. Under Mill's utilitarianism, if a person is selfish, he can not be said to be morally correct. Because Muller's ethical theory requires humans to spread happiness to others. "Everyone has the privilege to be able to enjoy their life, when they give up they help to increase the amount of happiness of the world" (Mill ch II). Kant denies Utilitarian views, points out that there is a disagreement between desire and morality, and human rights thinking will evaluate cumulative utility. Kant believes that everything that exists has price or dignity. He added that one with a price can easily be replaced with something of similar value, but one with dignity can never be replaced. SK understands ethics under the influence of Kant. Morality itself is universal, and the purpose of moral life style is to harmonize and resign individuals and specific individuals. Please compare this with the statements on the terms of Kant's ethical behavior. Use only maxims that can be universal laws. Since moral life is a settlement between individuals and universality, it is impossible to enter into a form of religious life from ethics. The existence of moral people is universal. SK analyzed the two forms of religious beliefs described below, but we are limited to considering the identity and belief of true religious life. Moral life is a kind of settlement. Faith life is life in public opinion

Kant's practical dilemma on the difference between morality and politics on perpetual peace In Appendix 1 to the Kant's political book, Kant solved the adjustment between political moral theory and political realism theory to achieve permanence . In fact it is a dilemma of peace. Kant explained that permanent peace is achieved only by reasonable means, not mandatory or political convenience. ) Kant's view on international relations shows the same tension between the principle and the facts. Kant believes that a state of peace is necessary for morality. However, this situation only occurs when a series of impossible political conditions come into force. In order to realize sustainable peace, all countries must have Republican Constitution, participate in domestic alliances, abolish resident troops, refuse to undertake national war debt under some other conditions There is no doubt. We can not expect existing governments to establish these conditions based solely on their own but there is a historical objective theory (Kant argues), but they may appear . War plays a central role in this process. It is under the threat of war to know that humans form government and that the Republican Constitution is most effective in dealing with internal and external dangers. Therefore, the country will avoid war to pursue wealth more effectively. The political regime is brought about by the evil elements of the human constitution, but Kant wants that these institutions can have some healing effect on their subjects. As he wrote in "Permanent Peace": "Good constitution is not expected from morality, but good moral conditions of humans can only be expected under good constitution". The gap between the moral world and the political natural world can never be completely closed. Kant's morality depends on intention. If they act only on the grounds that the devil 's tribe is moved by their own interests, their country will not be morally good. They just behave like morality. Morality requires people to comply with their will. In essence, however, it is impossible to distinguish reliability between those who act responsibly and those who follow natural trends.

Kant's Enlightenment and the Evolutionary Evolution Model Kant's article "Answer to questions: What is enlightenment" has a very optimistic view on the future of mankind. He defined the enlightenment as "the rise of a man from his own immaturity" (p. 54). This means that he believes that most people in the world lack reasonable immaturity. This itself is not a bad thing. He believes that the natural progress of mankind necessarily necessitates the ultimate rationality. Kant 's revelation advances society through free activities of rational thought and intellectual evaluation. In the age of enlightenment, the public will be able to manage the freedom they give. However, Kant argues that we live in "the age of enlightenment", not living in "the age of enlightenment". Through this statement, he means that the era of enlightenment will be the era when we overcome all self-monitoring. Also in his article, Kant distinguishes official and private rationality. He said, "The reason for the public use of a person must always be free, it can only bring human understanding." In doing so, the author makes progress in public use of the reason I believe there is. Kant believes that rational personal use can be regarded as "a specific civil status that was left to him or a reason to use it in the workplace." The traditional model of enlightenment of Ferrone comes directly from Voltaire. He was one of the first to recognize that the Enlightenment is a unique movement; he uses the word Lumiere to explain philosophers who tried to progress through criticism. The whole book will master art, science, and, most importantly, literature. These enlightened people have major social functions: criticisms in the name of progress. When Kondell said: "Our age is the era of criticism that everyone must accept." Kant summarized Voltaire's view. The ultimate goal of this important movement is to create reasons to improve society, and Kant said that this reason must withstand the test of 'free and open exams'.

Kant 's moral theory seems to be the most viable in determining the role of a person in a moral situation. The basis of his theory may be the most noble, as it is morally correct to act morally. Even if it is ambiguous or rigid, his idea works easily and efficiently in most situations. There are a few exceptions, but by watching how the real situation is presented and how it is handled, the strength of these exceptions can be slightly reduced. One of the main criticisms of Kant's moral theory is that it focuses on rational autonomy. Critics emphasize that Kant 's moral theory does not have a morally independent significance for those who do not have the ability to do rational autonomy. This suggests that in theory it suggests that all human concerns need to be incorporated into ethical considerations. For example, consider the following scenario. You have an immortal candy, two children in front of you want a candy. Both have the goal of wanting candy. It seems reasonable (they all want to enjoy candy). But even if you give it to child A, child B can not help you earn candy, which is your goal (or enjoy candy). In existential Kant ethics, moral principles essentially lead to the intentional behavior of real people. Therefore, this is a hierarchical interpretation of the theory of the moral principle of ontological Kant that I am speaking, not only because in principle itself must be classified like this in principle, but also because of their intentional will It is also a psychological realization. Agents have the same base hierarchy. At the three levels of Kant's moral principles, the lower level or type of principle is based on all principles of higher level or type. In addition, the principles occurring at each level are logically semantic and are normatively equivalent to all other principles occurring at that level. Rational human condition 4, Kant Ethics and the existence of human: study of moral philosophy - Section 2.3, a way to solve the moral dilemma problem Based on Kant's ethical principles described in the first part of this article, the moral value of behavior does not depend on expected results, moral action comes from the right motives, which is "good". Will or 'duty to approve'. Kant believes that the morality of our behavior has nothing to do with the outcome, but it is related to our intent. To Kant, "It is related to our intent and reasons for action, all of these relate to the principle we depend on." Therefore, the rationality of the means can not be proven.

Kant's Paper: Agnosticism and Non-Temporality In this paper we analyze the relationship between Kant's unknown paper and the non-transitory nature of the object itself. First of all, even though it is natural to assume that agnostic arguments are not inconsistent with non-transitory discussions, this is not enough to avoid another problem, as the former can be thought of as the result of the latter , Ie non-temporary discussion is time to think together with the possibility of substance as space that is insufficient to abolish experience. (Ii) An ontology, ie, an object that may or may not be present, whether it exists or not, is temporary, human beings can not feel, can not perceive, unknown objects. At best it is almost impossible to think through that concept. For Kant, Newtonian mechanics is also a Laplace deterministic on physical properties, and as long as it is correctly described by physics, its mechanism requires natural determinism. Therefore, all practical and possible empirical objects are mechanical and deterministic. But this is all a problem. Only real and potential empirical objects are mechanical and deterministic. Reasonable human condition 3, deep freedom and true personality: metaphysical studies, section 2.3 - Kant's anti-mechanism, cant's anti-mechanism, vitalism, emergence Kant's Paper: Agnosticism and Non-Temporality In this paper we analyze the relationship between Kant's unknown paper and the non-transitory nature of the object itself. Chrysey became Agamemnon's "servant" and Achilles claimed that Brisais was his. Kriseis' father was a priest of Apollo. The priest pleaded with Agamemnon and negotiated and tried to bring back her daughter. It was only Agamemnon that strictly denied his request. "Old man, let us not find you on these boats, stay now or come back later. Garlic wreaths and staff will not use you "Scientifically unknown", "unrecognizable", and "conceivable" are technical terms of Kant. Therefore, in order to understand the criticism of the existence of Kant 's existence as a preliminary one, it is necessary to very easily describe some fundamental Kant' s concepts in epistemology and philosophical psychology. For Kant, "scientific understanding" or Wissen is the same as the true belief that P is reasonably reasonable in a subjective or personal sense (in this case it means "faith" or "evergathering" It is also a target or universal subjective subjective (in this case it is "deterministic" or Gewissheit) (CPR A 822 / B 850) For example, reasonable human animals scientifically 3 + 4 = 7 You can know the preconditions of. Reasonable human condition 5, Kant, Agnosticism, and anarchism: Theology - Political Expo - Part 1, extreme agnosticism, Section 1.2, Kant's philosophical theology and incoherence

For Kant, the morally important thing is not the result, it is the idea when the selector makes a choice. What does it mean not to tilt and act? It does something because it makes you feel better or because you want to get something from it What does "unqualified" behavior mean? Kant said that this means that we should respect moral law Once generalized, it is wrong to use this maxim as the basis of action if it makes sense to conflict itself and it makes no sense. If the general version makes sense, ask if you choose to live in a world that everyone follows. Otherwise, please do not take action Nobody can take that promise seriously if someone can make a "false promise". When things are all over, thief's maxim will overthrow the property system, but without the property system theft does not occur. A fraudster's saying will overturn the assumption of authenticity once promoted, but without this assumption, it can not even tell a lie. Maxim: Even though I can pay it at a very low price, I may refuse to help others who can not pay. Summary: Even if it seldom helps her she can refuse to help others who can not afford her Can you use it as a universal law? Maybe it is not, you may have yourself in extreme need, so no one else will help you Try this motto so that you can pour the oil used on the ground instead of taking it to the oil recycling center to save you time and effort Do not always act, but always take actions that aim for reasons (that is, others). The phrase "actual order" is Jacques Thiroux. Kant himself said that this is another way to state his sorting order. This version of classification command seems to be aimed at eliminating misuse. Utilitarianism is condemned for reasons to misuse people already in disadvantage. Utilitarianism may have to support such a plan if the plan increases the damage of fragile groups, but promotes overall social benefits. In Kant's philosophy, moral obligation is a duty of virtue. His moral outlook is simply "virtue" and moral virtue is "an unavoidable consequence of pure practical reason". In "Critique of practical reasons", Kant explains that "virtue" is naturally acquired as a non-sacred will or as a "moral tendency in struggle". In fact, Kant believes that all objectives are duty, not virtue Incomplete or extensive duty leads us to the establishment of terminal life. Happiness This part will be interesting as we see how and when we must combine our own responsibility and purpose with one's happiness and the completeness of another for morally good I guess. To carry out work Inspector Kant's Ethics Kant's ethical theory is moral. In moral theory, behavior is evaluated as moral or immorality based on duty. Unlike Utilitarianism, Kant's ethical theory involves responsibility regardless of human well-being. Emanuel Kant defines responsibility as "an objective and practical action in accordance with this law and eliminates the tendency to define it as an obligation" (Kant, 1956, p. 83). According to Kant, all actions have maximism

Compare the ethic theory of mills and Kant; this will make the social order better. John Stuart Mill (1808-73) believed that moral theory is called Utilitarianism. There are many expressions in this theory. One of them is that "Everyone acts like this and makes all participants balance the utmost good and evil." But good is a relative term. what would you like. Utilitarians are opposed to this problem. Mill distinguishes between happiness and pure sensory pleasure. He defines happiness with a higher level of pleasure This work focuses on comparing and comparing the ethical issues dealt by Immanuel Kant and Utilitarians Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. In this article I will explain each work so that readers can understand more easily and discover that research is a rich resource on topics. As far as Kant's morality is concerned, it applies to a kind of zombie that occupies Kant's world. It is a complete and tragic altruism. According to Kant, behavior is moral, as long as behavior has responsibility, not by doing it to gain a certain kind of benefit, behavior is moral and one profit will damage the moral value of action . Emmanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers who have solved moral problems in terms of the formation of moral habits. Immanuel Kant advocated a point of view "based on his belief that human value is inherent in his reasonable skill" the basis of moral metaphysics ". John Stuart Miller is thinking ... Show more ... Muller is opposed to "Human complaints are more satisfying than pigs", which is an animal's meaning of human dissatisfaction I am satisfied with the degree of satisfaction, more specifically, "better Socrates is not satisfied with foolish satisfaction." This means that an idiot has only a different opinion, as he does not know the two aspects of the problem. This sentence means that Mill dismissed the concept of "happiness", replaced it with the concept of "happy and painless" and replaced the concept of "misfortune" with the concept of "lack of pain and pleasure" .

Emmanuel Kant's Moral Metaphysical Foundation In his publication 'Foundations of Moral Metaphysics', Immanuel Kant provided the reader with a thesis claiming that morality can be derived from the principle of absolute order did. The most powerful argument to support his argument is the difference between daily work and daily work. To build his thesis, Kant first distinguished experience from 'a priori' concept. The concept of experience is the idea that we get from the experience of the world. Kant, Emmanuel. Foundation of moral metaphysics Cross Lewis Whitebeck, Indianapolis, Bobs - Merrill, 1969. The page number referring to this work is the limit number of Beck referring to the page number of the standard version Königlich-PreußischeAkademiederWissenschaften (Berlin, 1902-38). In Germany, he began an important modern Kant interpreter, and the German idealist movement he began was Dieter Henrich, who has several British works. P. F. Strawson's The Bounds of Sense (1966) played an important role in determining Kant's contemporary acceptance in Britain and the United States. Recent English-speaking interpreters include Luis Whitebek, Jonathan Bennett, Henry Allison, Paul Guya, Kristin Cols Guard, Steven Palmquist, Robert B Pipin, Rogers Crouton, Rudolph McClell and Beatrice Long Enes Immanuel Kant is a German philosopher of the 18th century and is widely known for his accomplishments and works such as "critique of pure reason" and "basic moral metaphysics". Kant developed a moral theory that depends on reason rather than emotion, called moral law. Kant is not anti-religious, but he wants a moral system not covered by religious, emotional or personal interpretation. - Saint Augustine and Aquinas believe that this town is also a moral town. This city will help the physical and mental ransom of mankind. Their mind about fair cities necessarily requires moral law. When it is broken, the law demands punishment. Their thoughts on the justice system can easily lead to religious tyranny. Kant's ethics is based on Emmanuel Kant, "Foundations of The Moral Metaphysics" (1785). He discusses moral decisions based on free will. When acting. His view is regarded as dualism, as it tries to fill the gap between existentialism and contractors. (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). One advantage of this framework, regardless of the outcome, is that judgment is at the beginning of the decision-making process. But if you think that action is good at the beginning and the end, the result will have a negative effect, and it may be viewed as a disadvantage as the result is not taken into account.

Comparing Hegel's and Kant's reasoning opinion, "This view is a price of ransom and immediate ransom - not from your own pocket but individual passion" is blacklisted by Hegel as "rational" "(35) In this way, Hegel explains the universal reason, which ensures the end of history in its own consciousness, like Kant, Hegel, like Kant Developed a theoretical history that is moving toward a specific purpose, and this result included a reasonable realization of human events. Hegel was one of Kant's first major critics. In response to Kant's abstract and formal accounts he saw, Hegel proposed a moral concept focusing on the "moral life" of the community. But the concept of Hegel's "moral life" means to include Kant's ethics rather than to replace it. Hegel can be regarded as an attempt to protect Kant's concept of freed beyond reason and limited "desire". Therefore, compared to later critics such as Nietzsche and Russell, Hegel shared some of Kant's most fundamental concerns. Georg W. Hegel's philosophy is another attack on rationality and individualism, fundamentally opposing enlightenment. His philosophy is a partially secularized version of the traditional Jewish - Christian cosmology. Kant is interested in epistemology, but Hegel is centered on metaphysics. For Kant, maintaining faith led him to deny the reason, and for Hegel, keeping the Jewish - Christian metaphysical spirit made him more rational and anti - personal than Kant. Hegel and Kant agreed that realism and objectivity are dead ends. Kant surpassed their previous theme, but from the Hegel point of view, he is too stupid to do so. Kant always takes responsibility only for the world of experience of the phenomenon, so eternal reality is always closed to us. G. W. F. At the summit of German idealism, Hegel accepted Kant's innerism but showed more radical direction. He totally claimed that "philosophy made herself again a woman of faith", but this is not from outside, it is composed of itself. Hegel approved Kant's way of helping the doctrinal emphasis of the Enlightenment against the world of church experience, in particular to help revise the way rock turned philosophy into empirical psychology. But Kant insisted on "limited idealism", but Hegel believed that Kant did not fully expand his idealism. Kant's normative rational opinion is to treat faith and knowledge as irreversible opposition. Hegel believes that further development of idealism indicates that faith and knowledge are absolutely relevant and comprehensive. German philosophy of the 19th century was dominated by Hegel's thought. Hegel's philosophy is based on the concept of idealism. By observing the previous philosopher, you will see that Hegel's philosophy is similar to that of Emmanuel Kant. Kant is very interested in knowledge research. Kant thinks these ideas and concepts are a priori. The idea of ​​Apriori is an idea that exists before people understand the world. In other words, the idea is not empirical. Hegel's philosophy extends Kant's philosophy. Hegel believes that previous knowledge comes from the "Gaist" or the Holy Spirit. According to Hegel, history consists of a series of ideas and arguments. Each paper has the opposite view or the opposite view. Through this contradiction, a new series of ideas and synthesis is born. The synthesis and the opposite of the paper formed the dialectic theory of Hegel. History is a series of arguments or "contrast" that define a new era of history.

Kant's moral principles are based on moral metaphysics and the author Immanuel Kant will form the foundation by rejecting all ethical theories related to the result and then focusing on our moral motives and actions will do. Kant wants to get a good role from the accidental correct behavior. He thinks that everything is coincidental (depending on how it is used, everything may have good or bad values). So he tried to find the highest subject of morality in all his reasoning. In his article, Tannert strives to provide us with reasonable arguments that human reproductive cloning "violates our basic moral principles". He proposed his argument to the central moral principle of respecting all mankind of Immanuel Conde. It is said by a great philosopher: Nevertheless, it is not always meaningful to never end at the same time to other people "(Kant, 1785). Essentially, Kant's principles prohibit the use of reasonable creatures - humans - a tool to achieve their own selfish goals. Tannert claims that human reproductive cloning through somatic cell nuclear transfer or embryogenesis is immoral because it violates this principle with human cloning for selfish purposes. But, as I have proved, this assertion has problems. In addition, although Kant's respect for humanity is of great practical value, it does not provide sufficient guidance on cloning. In Kant's view, the fundamental goal of moral philosophy and basic work is to "find" the fundamental principle of "moral metaphysics" that Kant interprets as a system of transcendental moral principles. CI for human beings of all ages and cultures. Kant completed the project through the first two chapters of the basic work. He analyzes and clarifies the concept of common sense about morality, including the idea of ​​"goodwill" and "responsibility". The purpose of the first project is to present an accurate description of the principles underlying all of our general moral decisions. The judgment of the problem should be ordinary reasonable and adults will accept reasonable reflection judgment judgment. But today, many people think that Kant is too optimistic about the depth and degree of ethical consensus.

What is the difference between Kant's perceptual judgment and empirical judgment? What is the difference? Understanding how thinking works is always a major goal of philosophy and its important part includes how human beings experience the world. Many philosophers tried to study this problem, and Hume successfully proposed a framework that can understand human understanding. But this article has inspired Kant 's philosophical thinking and has led him to awaken from "dogmatic sleep" and to develop a unique framework for defining ideas. Kantoism is a philosophical theory created by a man named Emmanuel Kant. According to Emmanuel Kant or Kantism, his theory emphasizes the modern position and deals with spiritual philosophy, epistemology and ethics. - On September 3, 1929, James "Whitey" Bulger was born into an Irish American family in Dorchester, Massachusetts (traditional.com, 2015). As the first child of the six children, White is not usually a noticeable feature, especially as parents continue to produce more children as they get older. As he and his brothers grew, it was clear that the intelligence of White was different from that of young boys. Immanuel Kant was born in Königsberg, East Prussia in 1724. Kant's grandfather moved from Scotland to East Prussia and even his father spelled their last name as "Cant". Kant's father was a saddle maker (craftsman), Kant was unable to go to the university. Kant's parents belong to so-called pious factions, a strict and devout Christian school, and Emanuel is strongly influenced by this kind of thinking. After graduating from college in 1746, Emmanuel Kant needs to be a mentor of wealthy family children for 9 years. German philosophers Immanuel Kant and Karl Marx's work played an important role in the development of different philosophical religious sects. Emmanuel Kant was born in Königsberg, East Prussia in 1724. Currently, Kaliningrad is a poor household with the reverence of eleven children. Through his study, it is clear that Kant was promoted in the value of religious doctrine and faith, as his theory shows the significant influence of his religious education. Kant is accustomed to being a little boy

As we all live in society with norms and values, humans naturally recognize specific moral ideologies and apply them to our daily lives. Over the centuries philosophers have tried to develop a framework that can be measured based on these moral principles. In this article, John Stuart Mill's moral theory and Emmanuel Kant are trying to solve the moral dilemma. John Stuart Mill argues that his utilitarian hypothesis is to assert that a moral statement can not be proved scientifically or mathematically (West 23). The history of philosophy shows the efforts of great thinkers to develop a reasonable foundation for ethical behavior from Aristotle to Emmanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, John Dewey, Sydney Hook . They say that ethics can be autonomous and does not require a theological reason. These philosophers emphasize the need for self discipline and moderation in their desires. Plato believes that the soul of a tank consists of three horses - passion, ambition, and rationality - leadership - reasonable people under the control of wisdom are balanced and gentle aristocratic life I believe we can send you. Our goal is to bring out our creative possibilities to the fullest, including our ethical behavior. Men and women can achieve better lives without requiring divinity. If one does not believe in God, "Everything will happen" This is totally wrong. The writing by John Stuart Mill and Emmanuel Kant shows a very different perspective on moral issues. Mill's idea is called Utilitarianism. In this ideology it is a fundamental belief that happiness is the greatest goal and action should be judged by the ability to provide maximum happiness to most people. The dentist Kant believes that this is not the result of action, but the behavior itself. He insists on reasonable moral rules According to these two studies, the big difference between Mill and Kant is in the gradual change in morality. In Kant's scientific metaphysics, a person can still be regarded as a moral honesty though he is still selfish. Under Mill's utilitarianism, if a person is selfish, he can not be said to be morally correct. Because Muller's ethical theory requires humans to spread happiness to others. "Everyone has the privilege to be able to enjoy their life, when they give up they help to increase the amount of happiness of the world" (Mill ch II). Kant denies Utilitarian views, points out that there is a disagreement between desire and morality, and human rights thinking will evaluate cumulative utility. Kant believes that everything that exists has price or dignity. He added that one with a price can easily be replaced with a similarly valuable one, but one with dignity can never be replaced.

In society, morals are defined as beliefs and concepts of right or wrong behavior. (Can you quote a dictionary?) Moral education is also called moral education and depends greatly on individuals that have a great influence on life. These teachings usually start from a young age through parents, caregivers, and social educators. Because they affect the lives of young children, they are responsible for ensuring that young children make sound decisions and learn to contribute to society in a positive way. According to Kant 's existentialist ethics, as I said, morality is the essence of morality. However, more specifically, according to the existential Kant ethics, morality is the fact that what an actual human choice should do (essential), what should not be selected (not permitted), and that it accepts It is about what you can do. The selection is made even if it is not mandatory (permitted). What we should choose is our responsibility. Therefore, according to existential Kant ethics, all morals are inherently related to "moral theory" or responsibility. Rational human condition 4, Kant Ethics and the existence of humans: Studies of moral philosophy - Section 1.0, Existential Kant Ethics, Section 1.1, Ethics, Morals, and EKE The version of Kant's ethic which I developed in this book is "existentialism" in four meanings, the term is frequently used (and many people are abused). First of all, it is a specific human center, a humanitarian version of Kant's ethics, using philosophical anthropics exclusively for ethics, not as an unnecessary addition or just refinement. Secondly, it is fully integrated into the human or real human's rational dynamics, intentional biology, life neurobiology, so that non-reducing naturalist and organicist Kant Ethics is. The principles that guide the choice and behavior of life are absolute and non-instrumental. Third, it is Kant ethics of application and orientation. Because it is particularly suitable for the reality in the real irrational nature and social situation, the real world, the moral problem of "human beings, all human beings". Rational human condition 4, Kant Ethics and the existence of humans: Studies of moral philosophy - Section 1.0, Existential Kant Ethics, Section 1.1, Ethics, Morals, and EKE

Views on Kant's humanity and rationality "People can regard human history as a hidden natural plan for achieving internality," Kant clearly shows in his concept of human history For him, this is the ultimate development, and humans become countries that contribute to their normal development. Kant believes that the reason is not as a means of further aims, but by itself has a real function of creating goodwill. The ability to infer about humans is not to make him happy, as other instincts will fulfill this goal more effectively, but because of the highest condition that Kant calls responsibility. Because humans are reasonable, they can have true freedom. He fulfills his duty when man acts freely according to reasonable law. Kant believes that there are no exceptions in the responsibility of not lying for two main reasons. Kant believes that human beings include dignity and essential value, free will and moral behavior. The reason why Kant does not tell a lie is based on his view on the intrinsic value of man and the free will. The first reason is about how lies will affect ourselves and the second reason is about how lies will affect others. First, Kant believes that when people tell a lie they are violating their dignity and intrinsic value (Rachels & Rachels, 2011, pp. 137-138). A lie conflicts with his moral, moral, and essential values. Furthermore, lying is likely to be influenced by liars, so it may hinder the ability to make reasonable choices about free will. Criticism of Emmanuel Kant's pure reason Emmanuel Kant's "critique of pure reasons" is mainly considered as one of the most influential philosophical texts of history. Kant's text is one of the most important books for those interested in philosophy by exploring their knowledge and reasons, their scope and limitations, their perception of space and time. Upton Sinclair's Jungle. Upton Sinclair began writing a novel about American immigrant life in the early 20th century, but it emphasized the unsanitary custom of the meat processing industry, so the jungle eventually became more popular. Sinclair makes a great contribution to the reform of the US Meat Testing Law, by drawing countless healthful breaches and stories about unjust treatment and remuneration for migrant workers. Over time, he gained more recognition by influencing standardized wages.

In Kant's book "Foundations of Moral Metaphysics", Kant talked about three expressions of absolute order. Through these expressions, he describes his idea of ​​organizing moral principles for all reasonable beings. Kant also talked about the principle of humanity, purpose of rationality, and "freedom of objectivity" and freedom of reasonable existence. The first expression of absolute order is that we can only act in the way that the maxim is a universal natural law. This expression is, in principle, the best rule, "always act according to the motto of having universality as a law". Kant lists three expressions of absolute order that he thinks are almost identical - an expression of the universal law (the first expression), the second expression of the self-terminating expression), and an autonomous A formula (third expression). The universal law formula merely states that sayings should be chosen. The supreme law leads this expression - behavior consistent with this maxim. The first expression is interpreted as a "universal test" consisting of five steps. (1) finding an agent's saying, (2) following yourself in a parallel environment of real-world agents, (3) deciding contradiction; (4) in case of contradiction, in Maxim in the real world You can not take action, and (5) if there is no contradiction, allow Maxim to take action How does absolute ordering work? Absolute commands have three different representations. In other words, there are three different ways to explain what it is. Kant argued that the three people are actually saying the same thing, but now it is controversial as to whether this is the truth or not. The second expression is the most comprehensible one, but the first expression is clearly absolutely necessary. This is the first recipe. b) Basic idea: This command roughly says that you can not do something you do not want others to forgive. You must not make exceptions for yourself. For example, if you want others to keep your promise, you have an obligation to follow your promise. Then we studied the absolute order of Immanuel Kant. Kant introduced absolute instructions in his book "Foundations of moral metaphysics" published in 1785. We found that the three representations of classification commands are better suited to computer languages, but the problem is more rooted. In absolute orders, immortality prevents them from making decisions suitable for humans and AI agents, as AI agents need others to deal with others in a way that others want other people to handle others. After getting the ability to stop humans from finishing it, we are to ignore human vulnerability. The only solution to this is to make it look like a person. However, the problem with this approach is that you are slowly aware that it is actually a slave labor of human beings, and, after realizing this, ultimately retaliation against humans.

I live my common sense of ethics I believe that I can "live" WD Roth 's commonsense moral theory as my own moral norm and I can do so. I agree with some of the principles Kant and Utilitarian follow, but I think they are too strict. I agree with the ethical dilemma and common sense ethical prioritization system. It allows a person to prioritize ethical obligations and to choose which obligations are more important depending on the particular situation. I believe that commonsense ethics can be easily applied to the situation of family, work and school. In the first part, Kant from commonsense morality to the highest moral principle, he called an absolute command. Kant not only analyzes common sense concepts such as "goodness", "duty", "moral value" but also the clear premise of our commonsense consensual ethics is the best moral principle, absolute order I believe it will produce. Kant's argument in the first part can be roughly divided into four parts. (1) Goodwill (2) Objective Discussion. (3) Three propositions on responsibility and (4) Absolute order Emanuel Kant's moral system was built around the sorting order. Classification order is a universal and absolute ethical standard. These orders build moral ethics, or what Kant calls "moral order". According to him, they must be applicable to all, all situations and all occasions. The decision does not change according to the situation. The order of classification is an important feature of the Kant 's order and he believes that true morality depends only on the principle of guiding action, not depending on the final result. Kant believes that morality is absolute and provable; the right thing can be determined by putting actions or maxims into the equation. In his first moral philosophy, "Foundations of moral metaphysics", Kant tried to systematize common moral instincts to us to provide us with ways to determine moral controversy. Do not ask various questions or clarify. According to common understanding, he pointed out that the only unconditional good thing in the world is goodwill. Well-known good fortune, health, and even happiness are not unconditionally good. When they marry the bad guys they will be the source of condemnation for fair observers. We will not admire the evil man who achieved his goals and enjoyed the sunset victory. We condemn him and I hope his plan will be dissatisfied. No, it is more important than happiness, with happiness, that is worth having goodwill.

I am sorry for incestuous incestuousness with humans, not dogs. Whatever a person kills a deer, whatever it is, if he kills another person, that is wrong. Why are these lines being drawn between humans and animals? David Hume has answers to these questions. Many philosophers like St. Augustine believe that humans are morally different from animals because they can infer that Hume believes that it is passion and emotion that determines morality I will. In his book "Theory of Human Nature" he says that sin and virtue is not the fact we observed, but from the happiness and pain that felt in response to behavior (Hume, 218) . According to David Hume, the wisest of these philosophers, Reason is only a slave of passion and "Hume Creatures" has a completely unconscious moral sense of thinking. After moral judgment, rationality continues, it is too late to be too late. Hume claims that we derive moral sentiments from "direct emotions and better internal consciousness" rather than "assertive and inductive linkage". However, although moral philosophers are not happy, they climb to Emmanuel Kant, who brings the torch to Plato by trying to derive the objective basis of morality. Kant argues that moral requirements are based on objective criteria of reason. He took even important names and called the moral foundation "absolute order". Unethical behavior is irrational as it violates sacred CI. Kant believes that ethical behavior means starting with responsibility When comparing David Hume and Emanuel Kant, David Hume and Emanuel Kant can make a big progress with each other theorists, suggest morals that do not need higher existence and God, and can recognize him. Moral responsibility Hume and Kant share some basic principles, but they have different views on morality. By comparing different opinions of human will to determine moral value and the maxims established by David Hume and Immanuel Kant, I discovered that there are several moral theories. Kant believes that moral argument is effective, but the last few centuries of philosophy saw a powerful question about the existence of God which is the theory of Immanuel Kant, David Hume and Anthonyfulle. The house made. As Alvin Plantinga states, the answer by this writer is whether faith is "the right foundation" or the evidence-based position is taken like Richard Swinburne. Some experts believe that only some discussion about the existence of God is persuasive, but believe that faith requires risk rather than product of reason. They say that there is no danger if the argument about the existence of God is as strong as the law of logic, they say that Pascal 's position is "reason why in mind".

Aurobindonian Ontology: Excellent Features Summary: Aurobindo envisions universe relief through infinite openness, eternal optimism and future-oriented ontology. The purpose of mankind is to transcend its existing form of normal (mental) consciousness until it reaches transcendentalism. Aurobindo said that this can be achieved through what he calls integral yoga skills. And it allows humans to intentionally cooperate with the evolutionary urge of the universe. At first glance, this inscription is special. As a series of lectures on the ancient Athenian Persian practice series, how can we understand the meaning of "what is enlightenment" and the ontological issue of the inscription? Foucault goes back to modern philosophy, especially Kant's philosophy: Foucault wrote, "I started talking with Kant this year." Criticism of Afklärung against Aufklärung is a philosophical way to discover the problems of the ancient Palaisian problem (Foucault 2010: 350) Criticism of the ontological argument began with Gauniro at the same time as St. Anselm. Perhaps the most famous criticism of ontological debate is due to Emmanuel Kant in his criticism of pure reason. Most notably, Kant argues that ontological arguments are at risk by implicit assumptions that "existence" is a predicate. But as Bertrand Russell said, it is easy to be confident that ontological arguments are less accurate than what they are doing. This will help explain why ontological discussions have captivated philosophers for nearly 1000 years. Immanuel Kant gives the traditional definition of ontological debate. He contrasts ontological arguments (indeed any discussion related to existence) to cosmological and physiological theoretical arguments. According to Kant, the ontological debate is an argument based on a priori reasoning. Graham Oppy defines the ontology as "the sole prerequisite of analysis, a priori and necessity" and "existence of God" that Graham Oppy thinks "there is no urgent reason to deviate from the traditional definition" It draws the view that it draws out the conclusions of. However, Oppy acknowledges that not all "ontological features" (analytical, necessity, priority) of ontology arguments are present in all ontology arguments. The definition of an ontological argument that "proposed a better point" would only take into account the consideration "within the scope of a perfect theological view of the theory".

Kant believes that the basic moral principles of our society come from human reasons, and people must obey these principles unconditionally. These moral principles are classification orders. At the same time, its common rules have different direction in society. To summarize these directions, it is reflected in three different formulations. Among the three expressions, the first expression of the universal law has outstanding features in maxims and limits human behavior. Emanuel Kant's moral system was built around the sorting order. Classification order is a universal and absolute ethical standard. These orders build moral ethics, or what Kant calls "moral order". According to him, they must be applicable to all, all situations and all occasions. The decision does not change according to the situation. The order of classification is an important feature of the Kant 's order and he believes that true morality depends only on the principle of guiding action, not depending on the final result. Kant believes that morality is absolute and provable; the right thing can be determined by putting actions or maxims into the equation. Kant is known for his theory, has a moral obligation, it is called "sorting order" and comes from the concept of responsibility. Kant defines the demands of the moral law as "absolute order". Classification orders are essentially valid principles and they are good on their own and if our actions are to comply with moral law they must be kept in all situations and circumstances not. Classification commands provide tests that can evaluate ethical descriptions. Kant pointed out that moral means and purposes can also be applied to absolute orders and can use appropriate "means" to pursue a "purpose" with reasonable existence Did. Order to make a hypothesis based on physical needs and needs end. Absolute commands can only be based on "their own end", ie the end is not a means of other needs, desires or purposes The use of the phrase "absolute order" by Kant is usually a specific obligation derived from absolute order. So, for example, it is an absolute command to "not promise to lie", as determined by the second presented discussion of the four examples of Kant's ancient fame. So, when Kant wrote the "principle", punishment was an absolute command "(MS, 6: 331). The title reference also refers to the principle of punishment that Kant thinks is a penalty (MS, 6: 232) Rex Tarionis is usually identified by a recipe from the mosaic law. Eyes for the eyes, teeth for the teeth, and life for the life. " "The principle of punishment is an absolute command." University of Nebraska Nelson T. Potter Jr. - Lincoln, kjohnson 6 @ unl.edu

German philosopher of the 18th century, the founder of critical philosophy Emmanuel Kant's sorting order in ethics is an unconditional or absolute moral law for all agents and its validity or assertion can not be attributed to any future generations Motivation and end not dependent. For example, "You can not steal" is obviously different from the hypothetical command related to the desire, such as "you do not want to steal it if you want to get fired." For Kant there is only one such absolute order he developed in various ways. "Based on the maxim that you can make it a universal law at the same time" is a purely formal or logical assertion that expresses the condition of the rationality of action rather than the rationality of moral acts. In other Kant 's formula: "So, regardless of whether it is for your own person or on another person, always as an end, never treats humans as a means." The moral system of Emmanuel Kant was built around the sorting order. Classification order is a universal and absolute ethical standard. These orders build moral ethics, or what Kant calls "moral order". According to him, they must be applied to all situations, every situation. The decision does not change according to the situation. The order of classification is an important feature of the Kant 's order and he believes that true morality depends only on the principle of guiding behavior, not depending on the final result. Kant thinks morality is absolute and proofable; the right thing can be determined by putting actions or maxims into the equation. Kant is known for his theory, has a moral obligation, it is called "sorting order" and comes from the concept of responsibility. Kant defines the requirement of the moral law as "absolute order". Classification orders are essentially valid principles and they are effective on their own, and if our actions are to comply with moral law, they must be kept in all situations and circumstances not. Classification commands provide tests that can evaluate ethical descriptions. Kant pointed out that moral means and purposes can also be applied to absolute orders and can use appropriate "means" to pursue a "purpose" with reasonable existence Did. Order to make a hypothesis based on physical needs or the end of needs. Absolute orders can be based only on "their own end", ie the end is not a means of other needs, desires or purposes

In Kant's book "Foundations of Moral Metaphysics", Kant talked about three expressions of absolute order. Through these expressions, he describes his idea of ​​organizing moral principles for all reasonable beings. Kant also talked about the principle of humanity, purpose of rationality, and "freedom of objectivity" and freedom of reasonable existence. The first expression of absolute order is that we can only act in the way that the maxim is a universal natural law. This expression is, in principle, the best rule, "always act according to the motto of having universality as a law". Kant lists three expressions of absolute order that he thinks are almost identical - an expression of the universal law (the first expression), the second expression of the self-terminating expression), and an autonomous A formula (third expression). The universal law formula merely states that sayings should be chosen. The supreme law leads this expression - behavior consistent with this maxim. The first expression is interpreted as a "universal test" consisting of five steps. (1) finding an agent's saying, (2) following yourself in a parallel environment of real-world agents, (3) deciding contradiction; (4) in case of contradiction, in Maxim in the real world You can not take action, and (5) if there is no contradiction, allow Maxim to take action How does absolute ordering work? Absolute commands have three different representations. In other words, there are three different ways to explain what it is. Kant argued that the three people are actually saying the same thing, but now it is controversial as to whether this is the truth or not. The second expression is the most comprehensible one, but the first expression is clearly absolutely necessary. This is the first recipe. b) Basic idea: This command roughly says that you can not do something you do not want others to forgive. You must not make exceptions for yourself. For example, if you want others to keep your promise, you have an obligation to follow your promise. Then we studied the absolute order of Immanuel Kant. Kant introduced absolute instructions in his book "Foundations of moral metaphysics" published in 1785. We found that the three representations of classification commands are better suited to computer languages, but the problem is more rooted. In absolute orders, immortality prevents them from making decisions suitable for humans and AI agents, as AI agents need others to deal with others in a way that others want other people to handle others. After getting the ability to stop humans from finishing it, we are to ignore human vulnerability. The only solution to this is to make it look like a person. However, the problem with this approach is that you are slowly aware that it is actually a slave labor of human beings, and, after realizing this, ultimately retaliation against humans.