Kant and Luther’s Understandings of Human Freedom

For Kant and Luther, the problems of human freedom and the number of individual freedoms (if any) are determined to achieve a noble morality. But it is Kant that Luther is arguing, that is, through freedom of religion, I believe in a fatal outlook. For Luther, without God's guidance, we have no freedom to live a moral life. On the other hand, for Kant, Luther insists that individuals are in an "immature" state, so that moral freedom can not be achieved.

Kant understanding moral freedom and moral principles has been a key to discussing morality from long ago. His moral philosophy is the philosophy of freedom. No one's freedom, Kant's idea, moral evaluation and moral responsibility are also impossible. Kant believes that if a person can not take other actions, that action is not moral. He further believes that there is a conscience to make everyone understand that moral law has authority over them. Kant called it a "rational fact" and thought that he was the foundation of human freedom. However, Kant believes that the whole nature will follow the principle of strict Newton's causality. In other words, all our physical behavior is caused not by our free will, but by previous events. So how is freedom and morality possible?

Hume and Kant believe that freedom is indispensable to morality. In addition, both believe that philosophical theory and advocacy of human morals will harmonize a universal causality need (determinism) and freedom. But they offer different ways to understand different concepts of freedom, different ways to harmonize them with necessary, and why such reconciliation is important to morality. The scholars agree that Hume is a "compatriot", but there is no agreement on the right label of Kant's position.

Kant's moral theory is the core concept of autonomy. Most readers believe that Kant believes autonomy is a reasonable intention or property of an agent. In Kant's view, understanding the concept of autonomy is the key to understanding and prove that moral requirements are important to our authority. Just as Rousseau's view influences Kant, freedom is not limited by any law and is limited by some law. Therefore, the concept of freedom as autonomy exceeds the sense that it is simply "negative", that is, the sense that it is released from actions outside of you. It initially contains the concept of law developed and enacted by itself, and along with it the law with its own decisive authority