An Overview of the Philosophies of Hume, Kant, Aristotle, Augustine, and Epictetus

Mr. Hume said that rationality alone is not enough for people to take action. He said that power to promote action is passion. Passion is the driving force of inner existence, Reason is a slave of passion. The conclusion that leads to impulsivity is caused not by rationality itself but by its guidance. Please let love, anger, fear, anxiety, jealousy act. When someone is angry, they are filled with passion. Not only that "I get angry today", but a person did not say to myself.

The philosophy of Immanual Kant (1724-1804), the most influential philosopher since Aristotle, is an attempt to answer the skeptical philosophy of David Hume (1711-1776). According to Hume there is no reason to believe the causal relationship; for example, just because an object seems to have a law of gravity that always causes objects of the past to fall to the ground, the object will not change at such next gravity law There is no reason to believe it to follow. Kant agreed that Hume agreed that he could not understand how something behaves in the real world or the real world. But Kant adds new wrinkles. He thinks that each person's mind builds up a subjective world and that this subjective world is the world that each of us "knows".

For the most part of this section I will explain the ethical aspects of Hum's ethics Kant, but I would like to start with a brief overview of Kant's mature moral philosophy. This is done by explaining five important functions for Kant's ethics. This helps to take this into account when dealing with Kant 's response to Hume' s ethics. Second, Kant's concept of autonomy is one of the more central, unique and influential aspects of his ethics. Kant defines autonomy as "an attribute of will" and itself is a law (it is independent from the attribute of the object of will) "(G 4: 440). According to Kant, it is autonomous because the will of the moral actor gives moral law to itself (which is self-legal) and can bind or motivate himself to comply with the law.

Hume and Kant are active with two different moral values. It will help explain some of the differences between their respective moral and philosophical approaches. The most important difference is that Kant regards law, duty and obligation as the core of morality, while Hume does not. In this respect, Kant's moral concept is similar to the "moral system" of Bernard Williams, which mainly defines the moral field based on the unconditional constraints and the form of inevitable duty (Williams 1985 : 193-94). Kant believes that our moral concern is a matter of liability, which is mainly imposed on us by law with its own moral needs. Like most philosophers in the eighteenth century, he believes that our moral life is deeply involved in how we maintain benign issues in our lives