Trends in prevalence of diabetes in Asian countries
[2023-11-17 17:27:25]
Over the past 20 to 30 years, the increase in the prevalence of diabetes was mainly due to the change in lifestyle caused by rapid socioeconomic growth. Thus, the rise in prevalence is a consequence of environmental and behavioral changes, as this increase occurs within decades, it can not be attributed to changes in gene frequency. Although it is estimated that urbanization will increase significantly in most Asian countries, the proportion of these countries will be different [32]. Singapore, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia have the highest urbanization rate (50%). Median value (30%) of China, Pakistan, India and Thailand, and low urbanization rate of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The increase in urban population and the aging of the population are major determinants of the prevalence of diabetes in the world. Urbanization and rural migration had several negative effects; physical activity decreased, dietary habits shifted to high energy food and body mass index (BMI), and upper body obesity has increased significantly
Even socioeconomic progress in rural areas such as India and China has an adverse effect on people suffering from lifestyle diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies in India [10] and China [6, 33] show that the lifestyle of the rural population has undergone considerable change and the overall morbidity of overweight and diabetes in these countries Resulting in an increase in sales. In 1980, less than 1% of Chinese adults had diabetes, and in 2008 prevalence increased to nearly 10% [6].
The time course of the prevalence of diabetes and IGT in rural India from 1989 to 2006 is shown in Fig. 11 [10]. Similar trends are seen in Thailand, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Pakistan [34]. As can be seen from the high prevalence rate of IGT, there are many patients with pre-diabetes in rural areas. A recent study in India shows that the conversion rate from IGT to diabetes is high, probably due to a change in lifestyle [10, 35]. It is pointed out that the prevalence of IGT has declined from 2% in 2003 to 5% in 2006, and the prevalence of diabetes is increasing. In another rural area in India, prevalence of diabetes in 2006 was 13.2%, prevalence of IGT was 15.9% [36]. Several other reports have also shown that the prevalence of diabetes is increasing in rural areas [37, 38].
The natural history of pre-diabetes is unknown. A review of 79 cross-sectional studies of the South Asian population showed an increased prevalence of diabetes and a stable prevalence of IGT [39]. A possible explanation for this obvious difference is the rapid transition of IGT to diabetes resulting from lifestyle shift or cohort effect, improvement of maternal nutrition due to a reduction in IGT, and subsequent reduction in diabetes. In order to deal with these assumptions, we need more research with a view to the future.
The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Bangladesh accounts for about one-third (about 1.85 million) of the total population of diabetes. These recent estimates are similar to those in western countries, like Malaysians in Asia living in Singapore. Rapid economic transformation, urbanization, contemporary lifestyles based on technology, strict diabetes management guidelines, and reluctant behavior to receiving healthcare are considered risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in Bangladesh . Unfortunately, to achieve this new health problem, the current capacity of the country to diagnose and treat diabetic retinopathy is limited to very few institutions. As of this year (2016), according to the National Eye Medical Record of HPNSDP (Health Population Nutrition Department Development Program), 10,000 patients with diabetic retinopathy are receiving services from secondary hospitals and higher hospitals, among them screening programs Has been established.
Diabetes Table 36 shows trend data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on the estimated preva