The Major Problems Associated with Rapid Urbanization

Many cities who quickly emigrated to LEDC could not afford housing. They were obliged to build short-term accommodations in voluntary settlements. Rio de Janeiro is the largest population living in Brazil, with a population of approximately 11.7 million. Natural growth is one reason for that amplification (when birth rate is higher than mortality rate). Urbanization, due to population increase. This is due to migration from rural areas to cities. Millions of people moved from Rural Brazil to Rio de Janeiro.

(1) The rate of change of urban phenotype is higher than that in non-urban environment. The interplay between the rapid changes in the biological and abiotic environment associated with urbanization leads to the prediction of the increase in intensity of selection for specific traits and more traits. (2) Spatial and temporal inhomogeneity patterns of cities lead to genetic differences between urban population and non-urban population. The allele frequencies in urban and non-urban populations are due to the complex and dynamic interaction between abiotic, biological and social heterogeneity and their urbanization-specific building systems It will be different. Alternatively, movement between non-urban and urban areas and human-mediated biodistribution may offset this genetic differentiation

Urban-led phenotypic change: theoretical significance of empirical observation and ecological evolutionary feedback

In Latin America and the Caribbean, city air pollution is getting worse. One reason is the rapid expansion of urban population. This phenomenon is related to industrial processes that are usually concentrated in cities and to main air pollution sources in Latin American cities plus the increase in vehicle number and energy efficiency. Air quality standards established in these countries are often exceeded despite implementation of management plans. Urban departments affected by the discharge of anthropogenic pollutants are Sao Paulo, Brazil, Santiago, Chile, and Mexico City.