There are many wonderful philosophical ideas and problems that are well known and certainly unknown. One of the questions that attracted my interest was whether we have the problem of free will. I believed people with free will, the things I want to do are my choice and my choice. But after careful consideration and lecture, the belief in my free will was reversed. Is there a free will? Many people will say so, and of course some people think that free will is paradox and unbelievable. What does free mean? Do you have actions that can prove the existence of free will? All creatures are impulse. Can moths move freely in flames? "Spernosa compares the feelings of free will," Wil Durant said in "The Story of Philosophy." It is important to accept that the essential subjectivity of free will is to be recognized. People are convinced that their actions obey their decisions and impulses; he does not know that (internal or external) power drives him. In the case of his "in spite of himself" - in the case of obsessive-compulsive disorder - he can not say that he is exercising his free will Mr. Spinoza asserts that individuals have no free will and that everyone's behavior is an inevitable result. Spinoza believes that individuals can not avoid the future if fate is determined in advance. In the "minority report", the PreCrime club believes in sincerely that free will is an illusion. I believe that the crime prevention department can not avoid this fate once it proves that an individual was murdered. It is clear that the philosophy of free will of PreCrime department is very consistent with Spinoza. The movie starts with a prediction about the homicide near Precogs. Anderton responded immediately, and determined the exact location of the homicide. When the arrival time was important, it revealed that Precogs' prediction is true. Anderton ceased murder and this form of justice could be attributed to Precogs' certainty prediction

Looking at the history of metaphysics, what is the problem? It was answered in incomplete, dissatisfied or complicated ways, but Spinoza tried to answer this question in a special way by describing God and his nature. Based on Spinoza's point of view, the quality of God can be called an attribute, and its pattern is only the influence of matter. In this article I will explain in detail Spinoza 's important ontology, its attributes, and their common relationships that define God as the sole substance. Running Head: DESCARTES VS SPINOZA 1 Issue II: On the physical and mental relationship between Descartes and Spinoza Nicole Yang 20502251 PHIL 384 July 23, 2014 How do the different entities of the two dimensions interact? Human thought and unification of the body are persistent philosophical problems that have been sought since ancient Greece, and it is one of the major problems studied by Descartes and Spinoza. Descartes started this discourse at a rationalist school, and Spinoza later answered his work. In this article, we compare the views of Descartes and Spinoza about human thought and body relationship and keep Spinoza's assertion. Similarity Descartes and Spinoza have relatively little similarity between beliefs about the connection between the body and the mind. The first point determines the epistemological independence of the mind and the body Baruch Spinoza agrees with Descartes in its ethics that the problem can only be identified by its nature. However, he rejected Descartes' dualism. Spinoza objected to Descartes that thought and body had no influence on each other and were two attributes of the problem. Spinoza believes that the body and mind must not be substances different from each other because the substance definition requires that only a single substance exists. For him, God is everything, it's all. He is not a transitive, but an inner one

"The exact, complicated and subtle treatment of Spinoza's ideas, and the central problem of knowledge philosophy ... Della Loca advocates an explanation that may be the subject of Spinoza's discussion in the coming years.In general, Della Rocca showed that he is a primitive, subtle and often brilliant interpreter of Spinoza - - Nicholas Jolley of the University of California, San Diego "For Spinoza scholars, historians of general philosophy, advanced philosophical history, and those who are interested in early cognitive psychology, this will be a classical reading." This is one of the most exciting works in history The philosophy that I have been reading for a long time ... should be read most widely. "- Don Garrett of the University of Utah Spinoza's mind theory is totally representative mind theory. For Spinoza psychology is only representative content. In Ethics 2p7, he argues that "the order and connection of thinking is consistent with the order and connection of things", that is, parallel ideas exist for each extended objective. This is called parallel processing. From this point of view, Spinoza can develop his theory of mind: "The first thing that makes up the actual existence of human thought is only the concept of a single existing thing" (2 p 11) . Each heart is an idea that has its own object in itself - in the case of a human being, the mind is the thought of the body and everything that happens in the body is expressed in the mind (he discussed in 2 p 12 and 2 p 13 like) . The mind is a special idea representing a single object, the body in which it is parallel. (Please refer to Della Rocca 1996 for details on Spinoza's representative mind theory.) For Spinoza, the human body has extended attributes, human thought has attributes of thought and expression. Also, the mind and body may express the possibilities of reality in parallel, or the mind and body may be the same substance (substance) considered under different attributes. In the language Spinoza inherited from Descartes, the idea is an expression of ideas. This led to Spinoza's famous conclusion that the human heart is equivalent to the human mind. The parallelism of Spinoza also means that every change in the human body must accompany a change in human thought. "Everything that happens to the subject of thinking that constitutes human thought must be perceived by human thought, that is, if the object constitutes the human mind, the concept is the body, Nothing happens to the body that is not perceived in its mind (Part 2, Proposition 12).

Paper 2 First, consider the baseball scene specified under Leibniz's metaphysics system. In baseball scenes, the sum of the universe players, bats, coats, swings, and all other substances is a coincidence. Of course there are other possibilities, but there are other universes that may exist but not exist. Coincidence things, bats, athletes etc can not explain themselves. Leibniz is here to handle the principle of reason. Leibniz's view is sometimes ironic. Spinoza has infinite substances as well as substances. Leibniz called these substances as monads (Leibniz 1989). They are real substances (which can exist independently of other substances) and they are so simple that they can not interact in any way. However, each monad has complete information on the entire universe. Leibniz 's space can be reduced to (non - spatial) similarity, or correspondence between essential properties of the list. Leipzig 's teacher, Jacob Thomas, created a famous piece, Liberal Anonymrt Anilos, devoting her full effort to denying TTP and its potential naturalism. Leibniz also seems to believe that Spinoza's rights and legal views are more dangerous than Hobbes. Spinoza has fundamentally damaged the handling of rights and obligations even for nice lawyers with good hobbies and relatively unfavorable tastes like Lambert van Velthuysen (1622-1685) and Samuel Pufendorf (1632-1694) I believe. Sex Velthuysen argues that there is no sacred legislator, Spinoza's philosophy is "there is no room for command and commandment" (p. 42). Pufendorf considers it to be defective because it causes "moral effect" in the concept of Spinoza 's rights and does not put others under duty (Pufendorf 1934, 391).

Running Head: DESCARTES VS SPINOZA 1 Issue II: Relationship between Descartes and Spinoza's mind and body Nicole Yang 20502251 PHIL 384 July 23, 2014 DESCARTES VS SPINOZA 2 Introduction How do the two entities of different dimensions interact? Human thinking and unification of the body are persistent philosophical problems that have been sought since ancient Greece, and it is one of the main problems studied by Descartes and Spinoza. Descartes started this discourse at a rationalism school and Spinoza later answered his job. In this article, I compare contrast between Descartes and Spinoza 's views on human thought and physical relationship and keep Spinoza' s claim. Similarity Descartes and Spinoza have relatively little similarity between beliefs about physical and spiritual connections. The first point determines the epistemological independence of the mind and body. For Spinoza, the human body has extended attributes, human thought has attributes of thought and expression. Also, the mind and body may express the possibilities of reality in parallel, or the mind and body may be the same substance (substance) considered under different attributes. In the language Spinoza inherited from Descartes, the idea is an expression of ideas. This led to Spinoza's famous conclusion that the human heart is equivalent to the human mind. The parallelism of Spinoza also means that every change in the human body must accompany a change in human thought. "Everything that happens to the subject of thinking that constitutes human thought must be perceived by human thought, that is, if the object constitutes the human mind, the concept is the body, Nothing happens to the body that is not perceived in its mind (Part 2, Proposition 12).

Baruch de Spinoza later became known as Benedicus de Spinoza, a 17th century philosopher and he was very hostile as he gave up religious beliefs to God. This does not mean that Spinoza denied the existence of God, Spinoza believed that he believed in God, but in another, more natural sense. Spinoza was criticized for being accused of his belief in religious person's mind. His idea was revolutionary as opposed to the traditional Jewish religion, so he was expelled from the church by the Jewish community. Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) Spinoza is a Jewish Dutch philosopher. He is a powerful rationalist who sees potential unity of the universe. He advocated the view that it is critical of religious scriptures, that there is sanctity among them, and despite apparent contradiction, the universe is still commanded. His philosophy influenced later philosophers, writers and romantic poets such as Shelly and Coleridge. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Emmanuel Kant is an influential German philosopher, whose "pure rational critique" ties the reasons and experiences into philosophical thought. Discussions between rationalists and empiricists have left. Kant's philosophy affects future German idealists and philosophers such as Shelling and Schopenhauer. For philosophers like Spinoza and Emmanuel Kant, "freedom of speech" means freedom of knowledge to participate mainly in exchange discussions opened. In 1784, five years before the French Revolution, Kant argued that "freedom to openly use their reasons" is a basic and equal right of everyone or citizen. Likewise, when Mill wrote "freedom" less than a century ago, he defended freedom of speech, defended the "Freedom of Thought and Discussion" as an individual and pursued the truth. To these thinkers, the freedom of equal isigoria is still essential, but their attention is not limited to actual remarks, ie participation in solving and discussing other physical actions, reasonable psychological exercises and ideas and arguments We will move on to the exchange of. , Often printing

In this article, I will study Spinoza's mind and body theory, first explain various interpretations of his mind and body theory, such as homosexuality, idealism, classicism, materialism and so on. From critical comments on these inappropriate explanations, Spinoza 's argument about mind - body relationships should be understood as a non - causal relationship between the mind and the body, and they have the same weight I will. Parallel interpretation is compatible with the above understanding, but traditional parallelization can not be attributed to Spinoza. His parallelism arises from his argument about identity between the mind and the body, and this assertion is based on his material monism and attribute binaryism. Therefore, we must understand Spinoza's mind and body theory as an identity theory. It leads to a parallel relationship between the mind and the body. Since the dual aspect theory coincides with the identity and parallelism between thinking and the body, Spinoza's theory should be attributed to a double aspect theory. Furthermore, as Spinoza maintains material monism and attribute dualism (assuming that thought and extended attributes are objectively seen, this is different), Spinoza's theory includes psychological events and physics There is identity between events. There is no identity between spiritual and physical attributes. Psychological and physical events are the same events described under psychological and physical attributes, respectively. From the discovery of identity in Spinoza 's individuals or events it is possible to think that his theory should also be understood as a symbolic identity theory, rather than discovering the identity of the attribute. Spinoza's mind theory is totally representative mind theory. For Spinoza psychology is only representative content. In Ethics 2p7, he argues that "the order and connection of thinking is consistent with the order and connection of things", that is, parallel ideas exist for each extended objective. This is called parallel processing. From this point of view, Spinoza can develop his theory of mind: "The first thing that makes up the actual existence of human thought is only the concept of a single existing thing" (2 p 11) . Each heart is an idea that has its own object in itself - in the case of a human being, the mind is the thought of the body and everything that happens in the body is expressed in the mind (he discussed in 2 p 12 and 2 p 13 like) . The mind is a special idea representing a single object, the body in which it is parallel. (Please refer to Della Rocca 1996 for details on Spinoza's representative mind theory.) In this article, I will study Spinoza's mind and body theory, first explain various interpretations of his mind and body theory, such as homosexuality, idealism, classicism, materialism and so on. From critical comments on these inappropriate explanations, Spinoza 's argument about mind - body relationships should be understood as a non - causal relationship between the mind and the body, and they have the same weight I will. Parallel interpretation is compatible with the above understanding, but traditional parallelization can not be attributed to Spinoza. His parallelism arises from his argument about identity between the mind and the body, and this assertion is based on his material monism and attribute binaryism. Therefore, we should understand Spinoza's mind and body theory as identity theory. It leads to a parallel relationship between the mind and the body. For Spinoza, the human body has extended attributes, human thought has attributes of thought and expression. Also, the mind and body may express the possibilities of reality in parallel, or the mind and body may be the same substance (substance) considered under different attributes. In the language Spinoza inherited from Descartes, the idea is an expression of ideas. This led to Spinoza's famous conclusion that the human heart is equivalent to the human mind. The

Running Head: DESCARTES VS SPINOZA 1 Issue II: Relationship between Descartes and Spinoza's mind and body Nicole Yang 20502251 PHIL 384 July 23, 2014 DESCARTES VS SPINOZA 2 Introduction How do the two entities of different dimensions interact? Human thinking and unification of the body are persistent philosophical problems that have been sought since ancient Greece, and it is one of the main problems studied by Descartes and Spinoza. Descartes started this discourse at a rationalism school and Spinoza later answered his job. In this article, I compare contrast between Descartes and Spinoza 's views on human thought and physical relationship and keep Spinoza' s claim. Similarity Descartes and Spinoza have relatively little similarity between beliefs about physical and spiritual connections. The first point determines the epistemological independence of the mind and body. For Spinoza, the human body has extended attributes, human thought has attributes of thought and expression. Also, the mind and body may express the possibilities of reality in parallel, or the mind and body may be the same substance (substance) considered under different attributes. In the language Spinoza inherited from Descartes, the idea is an expression of ideas. This led to Spinoza's famous conclusion that the human heart is equivalent to the human mind. The parallelism of Spinoza also means that every change in the human body must accompany a change in human thought. "Everything that happens to the subject of thinking that constitutes human thought must be perceived by human thought, that is, if the object constitutes the human mind, the concept is the body, Nothing happens to the body that is not perceived in its mind (Part 2, Proposition 12).

JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a nonprofit organization that supports academic institutions to use digital technology to protect academic records and promote research and education in a sustainable way. © 2000-2018 ita ka. Copyright JSTOR®, JSTOR logo, JPASS®, and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA. Artstor® is a registered trademark of Artstor Inc. ITHAKA is an authorized dealer of Artstor Inc. 2nd and 3rd Part II on Spinoza's ethics Part II: Spinoza's idea and epistemology Neven Knezevic Simon Fraser University nevenk@sfu.ca 7 summaries on Spinoza In the second half of the lecture, Spinoza's thought description and ethics of ethics and We will cover the second half of the survey. Like the previous lectures, we conduct a detailed investigation on a few propositions of the Code of Ethics and briefly introduce the main contents of this section. I will explain the relationship between Spinoza 's explanation of spiritualism and its rationalism, the foundation of his philosophy, his explanation of body movements, and how this approach is based on the understanding of the mind for the body. A description of Spinoza 's truth and error and sufficient and inappropriate thinking; three kinds of Spinoza knowledge; and his basic body of psycho - psychology related to part 3 Lecture on Part II and Part 3 of Spinoza's ethics: Part 2: Spinoza's thought and epistemology Spinoza's Code of Ethics is divided into five parts. The first two include metaphysics and discuss physical and mental relationships separately with God separately. In the first part, Spinoza regards God as infinite and unique material for all reality. Please note that the philosophical term "substance" used here refers to the whole that we can not directly experience. Some of Spinoza's contemporaries and some contemporary classmates believe that there are several substances. The most famous is that RenéDescartes (1596-1650) has two kinds of problems, thoughts and problems, each thinking it has its own idea and extension. He further insists that everyone is a kind of interaction combination between the two substances. In contrast, Spinoza is an infinite and comprehensive substance, not only because it is infinite, inclusive, but also creative, I think that there is only one substance equivalent to God. By doing this, Spinoza has defined the substance as "the substance itself, it is conceived by itself" (Ethics Part 1, Definition 3). In other words, a substance is part or an aspect of the essence of self-creation (Spennosha and Spinosism, Stewart Hampshire, 2005). In Spinoza's term, a substance is an active nature, or Natura naturans ("nature of parenting", or "the nature of nature") - he is therefore the same as God. In addition, because its definition includes the required existence, we can not deny that this entity exists. Since it is infinite and comprehensive, there can be only one substance

JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a nonprofit organization that supports academic institutions to use digital technology to protect academic records and promote research and education in a sustainable way. © 2000-2018 ita ka. Copyright JSTOR®, JSTOR logo, JPASS®, and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA. Artstor® is a registered trademark of Artstor Inc. ITHAKA is an authorized dealer of Artstor Inc. 2nd and 3rd Part II on Spinoza's ethics Part II: Spinoza's idea and epistemology Neven Knezevic Simon Fraser University nevenk@sfu.ca 7 summaries on Spinoza In the second half of the lecture, Spinoza's thought description and ethics of ethics and We will cover the second half of the survey. Like the previous lectures, we conduct a detailed investigation on a few propositions of the Code of Ethics and briefly introduce the main contents of this section. I will explain the relationship between Spinoza 's explanation of spiritualism and its rationalism, the foundation of his philosophy, his explanation of body movements, and how this approach is based on the understanding of the mind for the body. A description of Spinoza 's truth and error and sufficient and inappropriate thinking; three kinds of Spinoza knowledge; and his basic body of psycho - psychology related to part 3 Lecture on Part II and Part 3 of Spinoza's ethics: Part 2: Spinoza's idea and epistemology Spinoza's Code of Ethics is divided into five parts. The first two include metaphysics and discuss physical and mental relationships separately with God separately. In the first part, Spinoza regards God as infinite and unique material for all reality. Please note that the philosophical term "substance" used here refers to the whole that we can not directly experience. Some of Spinoza's contemporaries and some contemporary classmates believe that there are several substances. The most famous is that RenéDescartes (1596-1650) has two kinds of problems, thoughts and problems, each thinking it has its own idea and extension. He further insists that everyone is a kind of interaction combination between the two substances. In contrast, Spinoza is an infinite and comprehensive substance, not only because it is infinite, inclusive, but also creative, I think that there is only one substance equivalent to God. For Spinoza, body and mind are the same substance. Therefore, in an ontology, thinking and body are the same thing, the same reality or entity. I can not separate my mind and body, and vice versa. "Because the body is the object of the soul, the mind is tied to the body," he said (Ethics 2, 21). However, this does not mean that one party determines the other party or affects the other party. They are different attributes of basic reality. Because they are essentially related, not cause and effect, we can not say that one person decides another person. Spinoza said: "The body can not decide thought thinking, and it can not decide that the body exercises or rests" (Ethics 3, 2). This is illogical, even if it is said that one person decides another person because everyone is acting simultaneously with the other person.

In his ethical work Spinoza spent some time focusing on the essence of emotion. Spinoza's first concern is passive emotion. It is based on inappropriate ideas, not appropriate ideas. Please explain how easy it is for a human being to be driven in a particular direction by a certain passion. Spinoza not only explains these emotions but also wants to show the benefits of human emotions. In Baruch de Spinoza's Ethical Book 4, known as "the bondage of humans, or the power of emotion", the purpose of Spinoza seems to be to explain the role of feelings in human nature. To achieve this goal, he said that a "perfect" human model must be established. Before Plato's Republic, we saw the goal of using perfection: building a perfect city will reveal the soul of man. However, the meaning of the word "perfection" is expected to differ among these thinkers that are far apart. Plato's perfect concept is an integral part of his "formalism", but Spinoza originally used Aristotle's concept. He first defined that it was done in the way the manufacturer expected. This quickly reminds me of the objective principle that I am trying to achieve the ultimate goal. In his ethical work Spinoza spent some time focusing on the essence of emotion. Spinoza's first concern is passive emotion. It is based on inappropriate ideas, not appropriate ideas. Please explain how easy it is for a human being to be driven in a particular direction by a certain passion. - Passion and rationality of Hamlet As in literature passion and reason are often conflicted in life, sometimes people make bad decisions. William · Shakespeare often used this confrontation as the basis of his drama. In the tragedy of Shakespeare, when it comes to the death of a loved one, passion and reason are often conflicting. The passion of the character makes him or her a tragic flaw. Shakespearean play "Hamlet" is no exception

Spinoza's mind theory is totally representative mind theory. For Spinoza psychology is only representative content. In Ethics 2p7, he argues that "the order and connection of thinking is consistent with the order and connection of things", that is, parallel ideas exist for each extended objective. This is called parallel processing. From this point of view, Spinoza can develop his theory of mind: "The first thing that makes up the actual existence of human thought is only the concept of a single existing thing" (2 p 11) . Each heart is an idea that has its own object in itself - in the case of a human being, the mind is the thought of the body and everything that happens in the body is expressed in the mind (he discussed in 2 p 12 and 2 p 13 like) . The mind is a special idea representing a single object, the body in which it is parallel. (Please refer to Della Rocca 1996 for details on Spinoza's representative mind theory.) In this article, I will study Spinoza's mind and body theory, first explain various interpretations of his mind and body theory, such as homosexuality, idealism, classicism, materialism and so on. From critical comments on these inappropriate explanations, Spinoza 's argument about mind - body relationships should be understood as a non - causal relationship between the mind and the body, and they have the same weight I will. Parallel interpretation is compatible with the above understanding, but traditional parallelization can not be attributed to Spinoza. His parallelism arises from his argument about identity between the mind and the body, and this assertion is based on his material monism and attribute binaryism. Therefore, we should understand Spinoza's mind and body theory as identity theory. It leads to a parallel relationship between the mind and the body. For Spinoza, the human body has extended attributes, human thought has attributes of thought and expression. Also, the mind and body may express the possibilities of reality in parallel, or the mind and body may be the same substance (substance) considered under different attributes. In the language Spinoza inherited from Descartes, the idea is an expression of ideas. This led to Spinoza's famous conclusion that the human heart is equivalent to the human mind. The parallelism of Spinoza also means that every change in the human body must accompany a change in human thought. "Everything that happens to the subject of thinking that constitutes human thought must be perceived by human thought, that is, if the object constitutes the human mind, the concept is the body, Nothing happens to the body that is not perceived in its mind (Part 2, Proposition 12).

In meditation 6 entitled "The existence of material things and the real distinction between the body and the mind" In Meditation 6, the important thing Descartes explores is the relationship between the body and the mind. Descartes believes that the mind and body are separate, they are two different substances. He believes this is a clear and obvious truth, and that it is a Cartesian true knowledge quality. On the other hand, I do not agree that the mind and body are separate and the mind can exist without body. Running Head: DESCARTES VS SPINOZA 1 Issue II: On the physical and mental relationship between Descartes and Spinoza Nicole Yang 20502251 PHIL 384 July 23, 2014 How do the different entities of the two dimensions interact? Human thought and unification of the body are persistent philosophical problems that have been sought since ancient Greece, and it is one of the major problems studied by Descartes and Spinoza. Descartes started this discourse at a rationalist school, and Spinoza later answered his work. In this article, we compare the views of Descartes and Spinoza about human thought and body relationship and keep Spinoza's assertion. Similarity Descartes and Spinoza have relatively little similarity between beliefs about the connection between the body and the mind. The first point determines the epistemological independence of the mind and the body The dualism of Descartes' mind and matter means the concept of humanity. According to Descartes, humans are a complex existence of thought and body. Descartes prioritizes the mind and thinks that the mind can exist without the body but the body can not exist without the mind. In meditation, Descartes believes that although the mind is a substance, the body consists only of "accidents". However, he believes that the mind and body are closely related. Nature tells me through pain, hunger, thirst, etc. Together, I will form a unit with the body. I will not feel pain even if my body is hurt, but I will only be perceived by intelligence just as a crew sees something broken on his ship. Descartes' view of the mind and body problems is called interaction. He said that the mind and body communicate with each other without mutual exchange. He insists that Meditation 6, the relationship between body and mind is not similar to the relationship between pilot and ship. This relationship has no intimate relationship. According to him he says that our relationship with our soul and body is not such a type as our relationship with our soul and body is too intimate. "The pineal gland is also known as the pineal gland, a small endocrine gland in the brain of a vertebrate, a small endocrine gland in the brain of a vertebrate It is an effect that affects the adjustment of the awakening / sleep mode It produces a certain melatonin, and the light cycle of the hormone (seasonal function, it seems like a small pine cone, located near the center of the brain, between the two hemispheres hidden in the two circular thalamids It is shaped.

Over the years, many scientists and philosophers have believed that humans are composed of physical and mental (Radner, 1971). Some of them believe that the mind is different from the body, and each of them has no interaction under their own influence (Radner, 1971). Another point of view is that the body and the mind act together as a whole and the result is human. Great figures like Greek philosophers Aristotle and Ladner (1971) have always held this view. Running Head: DESCARTES VS SPINOZA 1 Issue II: On the physical and mental relationship between Descartes and Spinoza Nicole Yang 20502251 PHIL 384 July 23, 2014 How do the different entities of the two dimensions interact? Human thought and unification of the body are persistent philosophical problems that have been sought since ancient Greece, and it is one of the major problems studied by Descartes and Spinoza. Descartes started this discourse at a rationalist school, and Spinoza later answered his work. In this article, we compare the views of Descartes and Spinoza about human thought and body relationship and keep Spinoza's assertion. Similarity Descartes and Spinoza have relatively little similarity between beliefs about the connection between the body and the mind. The first point determines the epistemological independence of the mind and the body The dualism of Descartes' mind and matter means the concept of humanity. According to Descartes, humans are a complex existence of thought and body. Descartes prioritizes the mind and thinks that the mind can exist without the body but the body can not exist without the mind. In meditation, Descartes believes that although the mind is a substance, the body consists only of "accidents". However, he believes that the mind and body are closely related. Nature tells me through pain, hunger, thirst, etc. Together, I will form a unit with the body. I will not feel pain even if my body is hurt, but I will only be perceived by intelligence just as a crew sees something broken on his ship. Descartes' view of the mind and body problems is called interaction. He said that the mind and body communicate with each other without mutual exchange. He insists that Meditation 6, the relationship between body and mind is not similar to the relationship between pilot and ship. This relationship has no intimate relationship. According to him he says that our relationship with our soul and body is not such a type as our relationship with our soul and body is too intimate. "The pineal gland is also known as the pineal gland, a small endocrine gland in the brain of a vertebrate, a small endocrine gland in the brain of a vertebrate It is an effect that affects the adjustment of the awakening / sleep mode It produces a certain melatonin, and the light cycle of the hormone (seasonal function, it seems like a small pine cone, located near the center of the brain, between the two hemispheres hidden in the two circular thalamids It is shaped.

What is memory and how does it work? Memory and conceptualization seems to play a role in perceptual and behavioral services. Conceptualization is the encoding of a pattern that allows physical interaction with the 3D world. These patterns are limited by environmental structure, body structure and memory. Therefore, how we imagine looking at the environment depends on the type of body we have. There is no connection to such memories. Instead, how the concepts become related (and what it means to be related to) is how the individual behavior patterns combine, taking into account the constraints of our bodies It depends on. What we call humans includes an extended body and a series of physical thinking (human mind). The body is constrained by the causal law of the physical world. As determined by the idea so far, the two causal chains are parallel to each other. In fact, Spinoza generally insists that the order and connection of things is the same as the order and connection of ideas. Evidence is worth prudent research, since the parallel processing argument is dominant in the second part. The mode of thinking is the idea of ​​"formal reality" which is their existence. However, the idea has content or "objective reality". Because the reality of formal thinking is embedded in the chain of necessary causes, its objective reality is also determined by linkage. Because Spinoza already mentioned in axiom 4 that "knowledge of effect depends on knowledge of cause and contains it" in the first part. For Spinoza, the human body has extended attributes, human thought has attributes of thought and expression. In addition, it can be said that the mind and body expresses the possibilities of reality in parallel, or the same substance (substance) that the mind and body were considered under different attributes. In the language Spinoza inherited from Descartes, the idea is an expression of ideas. This meant that Spinoza reached his famous conclusion that the human mind is equivalent to the human mind. The parallelism of Spinoza also means that every change in the human body must accompany a change in human thought. "Things that make up the concept of human thought must be perceived by human thought.If the object constitutes the human mind, the concept is a physical body, and what is not perceived by the mind is the body Nothing happens "(Part 2, Proposition 12) Remember that there is only one substance. Body and mind are the same individual and are considered under different attributes. This has several effects. The first is that "the subject of thought that constitutes human thought is the body, in other words, it is on extension line of existence, not something else." In other words, perception is the human body. As mentioned above, all our thoughts are regulated by our body condition. When we perceive something, such as red spots and ice cream taste, it is our body's change that we feel. (II, 22) In Part 1, the concept of effect includes the concept of reason, so the concept of ice cream taste (effect) includes the idea of ​​ice cream and our body I will. However, this type of mediation through the body introduces ideological constraints (this constraint will not be destroyed before the fifth part)

For a long time philosophers have intensely discussed the classification of philosophical epistemology into two categories: rationalism and empiricism. We believe that empiricism can acquire knowledge only by observing facts or by experimenting, but rationalism gains knowledge through logical reasoning. Rationalism and empiricism are themselves a very viable way of thinking in philosophy, but the arguments of these philosophical schools become more powerful when combined. Empiricalism is an excellent position in discussions of empiricism and rationalism. Renedecart supports rationalism. That is acquiring knowledge by reason. David Hume supports empiricism and knowledge after experience through experience. Both positions have strong debate. Descartes warns that "something is genuine, I do not understand it is such thing." Descartes believes that it is necessary to "assure that rationality is used for everything" in order to obtain true knowledge. Hume, on the other hand, believes that the connection of ideas is our knowledge. He explains this empirical approach, using three principles of relationship between ideas, ie similarity, time or place continuity, causality. Hume believes that we associate these ideas in our mind with the ideas we gained through experience. Essay.com/a Thesis using direct citation of Hume and Descartes to demonstrate positivism against rationalism Rationalism is often contrasted with empiricism. In fact, these views are not mutually exclusive. For example, the philosophy of science is rational and empirical. But knowledge is basically based on experience if you think that the end of the experience comes from experience through five external senses or through inner feelings like pain and happiness. Similarly, some plausible versions argue that starting from the basic principle like geometric axioms, all possible global knowledge can be deduced derived. The philosophers who discussed this point are Spinoza and Leibniz, and efforts to solve epistemological and metaphysical problems raised by Descartes brought about the development of a subjective approach to rationality. Spinoza and Leibnitz believe that, in principle, at least all knowledge including scientific knowledge can be obtained only by rationality.

That is the idea of ​​the Spinnock style of Descartes' judgment. Abstract; Some of Spinoza's critics believe that the idea of ​​Spinonozia is a judgment. As Spinoza is interpreted as responding to Descartes' ideological theory, he considers Spinosian thought to be a Cartesian judgment rather than Cartesian thought, so I call this view a common interpretation. The most obvious difference between Descartes and Spinoza is that descartes considers thinking passive, but Spinoza thinks the opposite is true. A: For clarity, I have never mentioned Descartes linguistics I did. Cover It is related to Descartes (and sometimes influenced by it), but it is often proposed by Descartes critics. Strictly speaking, there is no Cartesian linguistics. As discussed in CL, although the use of the term "concept" of Descartes is not entirely clear, he seems to be using it extensively, so the language expression usually consists of individual It is not a concept but an idea. It is within range. If so, then the language will belong to the concept of his natural tendency - and it is difficult to see how the attributes he mentioned in his language reference are obtained. I want to know what Descartes meant when I talked about his important introduction. As background, I discovered an important part of the Cartesian heritage; Descartes doubts - casts doubt on everything you know. In today's world, this idea seems to be very old-fashioned. We tend to question everything up to the point of skepticism. For Descartes, doubt is the opposite of reason. Descartes' suspicion has made scientific progress possible over the past 200 years. The medieval society believed that humans existed because God wants them to exist. Descartes does not doubt the existence of God, I doubt that the existence of man is God's desire. He has a problem because he proved the existence of God using a series of theorems. He proved that thought is the essence of thinking Discussions in Spinosian language are related to God rather than humans, but the discussion of Descartes is related to humans from Spinoza's point of view. From there build and summarize most of his evidence. Descartes' view on will and intelligence is supported by very reasonable evidence, "I think this is something like". When the will is limited to understanding, I think that Spinoza appears and confidently and clearly confident that things are definite until destroying it with his will, wisdom and essential deductive conclusion I will. I now believe that there are substances with infinite attributes. Each represents an eternal essence.

One way to prove this is the Cartesian triangle theory, which says that the triangle has three sides, but his feelings are not to say that he has three sides. Instead, his wisdom and knowledge tells him that there are three sides in triangle, it means that triangles exist, and that is a clear and unique perception. By linking this with God, we can say that God is like our senses without conveying our intelligence and knowledge, not the existing triangles. By linking this with the real world, he pointed out that Descartes clearly and clearly recognizes that the body occupies material or occupies space. Just as we can know the nature of material things (wax), we can understand the nature of God by pondering our concepts. We can know the essence of God. But does God exist? We understand that God has "objective" reality as our purpose of thinking. But does God also have formal reality? Yes, according to trademark. God exists. In addition to "objective" reality, God has formal reality. That is the conclusion. What is the argument? Thinkers focus on questions about causality. What is the reason for thinking about my god? According to the opinion of thinkers, it is self-evident that, as a general rule, "among the effective and comprehensive causes, there must be at least as many reality as the cause of the cause" (40). This is explained by Cottingham as the principle of causality. If we find a clock, the reason for that clock must be at least as complex as the clock. The same thing can be said if we find the blueprint for that watch. In subsequent propositions, Spinoza discussed several aspects of the causal relationship of God. The most important thing is to distinguish God in two respects. From the nature of God, Spinoza can say something directly. In this sense, God is the reason for "approximation". However, the essence is not enough for limited existing ones. The essence of Peter 's individual is not necessarily the existence of Peter. Conversely, the existence of a finite one leads to the existence of other finite ones. But since everything is in God, then God must be considered as their cause. The essence of God requires his existence. God's "existence can no longer be separated from the essence of God, but it has three equal angles that can be separated from the essence of the triangle" (46). Integrity must exist by definition, as the nature of God includes his totipotency, totipotency, totipotency and infinite integrity. Therefore, the following three logic is correct. The concept of God is the concept that it exists completely.

In 1644, Descartes published "Philosophical Principles" that summarized his physics and metaphysics. He dedicated this work to Elizabeth Stewart who developed him and his moral philosophy, Princess Elizabeth (1618-79), the daughter of the Queen of Bohemia. Descartes believes that mankind is an alliance ... Descartes' philosophical principle (1644; philosophical principle). This shows a deep understanding of the Cartesian system. Spinoza generally accepted Descartes 'physics but he rejected Descartes' metaphysics and opposed the three features: the transcendence of God, the spiritual concept of "spiritual substance" is quite different from substance (Mind - body dualism ). ... Metaphysical mathematical bias of methodological theory and meditation in the human behavior in "Philosophical Principle" (1644) and "Passion of the soul" (1649), and rule of direction of dominant mind (1701) Philosophy (1642) But it is Descartes' meditation is the pursuit of 'first principle' of philosophy. In order for the meditator to understand the principles of philosophy, meditators must decide that they believe they are true and they will never be wrong in their own mind . Therefore, Descartes is using "a suspicious method" as "a sensation-oriented picture trying to abandon criticism of the world critical to the meditator". By using the four phases, Descartes' method can not question any more, please quit your senses to make sure that later it was realy . The philosophical principle (Latin: Principia Philosophia) is a book by René Descartes. Essentially, it is the integration of the first philosophical approach and meditative discourse. Written in Latin, it was published in 1644. It is devoted to Bohemian Elizabeth and has longstanding friendship with Descartes. The French version (Les Principes de la Philosophie) was published in 1647. It explains the principle of nature - the law of physics - as Descartes sees. Most notably, it proposes the principle that the motion of an object is uniform and straight when there is no external force. Newton borrowed this principle from Descartes into his own Principia; to this day it is still known as the Newton's first movement law. This book is primarily intended to replace the course of Aristotle used in the then university of France and the UK. ... Descartes' philosophical principle (1644; philosophical principle). This shows a deep understanding of the Cartesian system. Spinoza generally accepted Descartes 'physics but he rejected Descartes' metaphysics and opposed the three features: the transcendence of God, the spiritual concept of "spiritual substance" is quite different from substance (Mind - body dualism ).

Coincidence of Malebranche: Philosophical summary of the Garden of Eden: According to Malebranche, Adam should be considered a coincidence philosopher. Philosophy not only derives from heaven, it was actually derived from the occultism of Malebranche. This is to be able to adhere to his contingent belief that Adam was given the special ability to his body, the ability to separate the main part of the brain (position of the soul) from others. Body In the history of philosophy there are at least two answers to this question. Nicholas Malebranche invented an unexpected situation, which is why God is alone in all events. Therefore, God 's involvement allows past events to cause future events. Therefore, past and future events are related as God makes it show this way. However, the unexpected situation has been criticized by the poor God's achievement and its power. In contrast, Gottfried Leibniz devised a pre-established harmony theory to explain the progress of events in the world. God is again the only reason for all events, but God has only one intervention to determine the course of all future events. The pre-established harmony theory is similar to the situation someone arranges thousands of Domino in some way. Until the emergence of humanism in the Renaissance, medieval philosophy was dominated by academicism. Modern philosophy began in France in the 17th century and its philosophy was Rene de Carte, Blaze Pascal and Nicolas Marebranche. Descartes revived the Western philosophy, which was rejected after the Greek and Roman era. His idea about the first philosophy changed the main purpose of philosophical thought and raised some basic questions for foreigners such as Spinoza, Leibniz, Hume, Berkeley and Kant. Many philosophers still stand out from the classical tradition and regard their philosophy as a way of life. The most noteworthy of these are René Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, Nicolas Malebranche and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. With the rise of the university, the concept of modern philosophy became more prominent. Many respected philosophers since the 18th century have participated in university, teaching and developing their work. Early examples include Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.

Political summary of meaning, understanding, and interpretation: In his article "interpretation of politics: modernist turn of Spinoza", Berel Lang applies Spinoza's viewpoint to the explanation of the premise or proposal of the political framework - On the other hand, interpretation is a kind of politics. The main purpose of Spinoza's claim is to oppose the claim that "authoritative interpretation", meaning the meaning of sentences, may be determined by external authorities. Spinoza believes that it can not be forced to understand. Critical interpretation of interpretation: development and research of the principles of interpretation (meaning of sentences can be interpreted as objects of art in the broadest sense, for example). I will deepen my understanding of something from another angle. In order to share the world, the author's "worldview" We must be able to interpret / interpret his / her information. Weltanschauung: Framework of ideas, ethics, beliefs, values. Through these, these values ​​are recognized and interpreted. Level 1: Text specific, Author of Weltenschauung. Level 2: Explain the sentences Weltenschauung gives its own culture. What does the text mean from its own cultural point of view? Level 3: How do you apply text for your own understanding? What does the text mean to you? For Harman, the depth and meaning of the sentence is beyond the contribution of the author himself and is the responsibility of translation. "There are few authors who understand themselves, and correct readers can not only understand their own authors but also can transcend" ZH 6, 22: 10-12). However, understanding the author's opinion and intention without trying the possibility of text does not exclude the author's position. At least, the "transcendence" of the text contains the area, and if the author does not know it, the field is not irrelevant. The author's own unconscious operation and meaning. There are few authors who understand their texts, but few authors know about themselves. This is not the intention or opinion of the author but a picture of creation that more writers express expressions or delegate to translation.

Descartes, Plato and Hume's Thought A direct starting point for Plato's philosophical speculation is the teaching of Socrates. When Socrates tried to define the term of knowledge to refute skepticism of refinement, he taught that the only true knowledge is to acquire knowledge through concepts. He said that this concept represents all the reality of one thing. As Socrates uses, this is only a principle of knowledge. Plato regards it as the existence principle. "If this concept represents all the reality of things, reality needs to be in an ideal order, not necessarily things themselves, but on them, in one world" (Chaput, C . This article explains the similarities and differences between Rene Descartes and John Locke, David Hume and Plato. They each believe in rationalism or empiricism. In contrast to experience, rationalists think that a series of important basic concepts are intuitively and intuitively known. For rationalists, is knowledge born? From information sources such as sensation. They are known as Descartes, Plato. Experiors believe that all conception followers eventually return to experiences such as perception and emotion. What? There are no ideas or concepts without impressions or emotions. What? David Hume and Rene Descartes are philosophers who oppose the origins of ideas. Descartes believes in three types of ideas, namely birth, coincidence, and imagination. He said that God existed because of his existence, and from his thoughts on what is perfect like God. Meanwhile, Hume believes that the idea comes from one impression, an impression. Both theories have advantages and disadvantages, but I prefer Hume's theory over Descartes. Descartes believes that imagination does not help humans. Descartes' definition of thinking exists in thought, only things that represent others are called thinking. His argument is that the essence of thought that constitutes the heart can get God's idea, but on the contrary, humans can think about God in other ways. One of the main advantages of Descartes is his view of objective reality, which is a reality view. This idea can be explained in two ways. Classical philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Spinoza, Descartes, Hobbes, Hume, Rock, and others all understand emotions as the first concept to understand emotions without constituent elements. He believes that scientific psychology should stop thinking of emotions as 'an eternal and sacred spiritual entity like old and invariable species in natural history' (James 1890: 449). James's proposal is often called James Lange's theory and is similar to the theory provided by Lange (1885) that emotions are a perception sense of autonomy and changes in physiological conditions associated with exercise . Functions For example, when we think that we are in danger, this perception directly causes a series of physical reactions, and our understanding of these responses constitutes fear.

Introduction beyond evil: In my opinion, the problem of evil is the best starting point for a fruitful dialogue with contemporary philosophy recognized as a traditional Christian concept. It is a threat. Therefore, first outlines malicious problems in the most probable way, introduces Augustine's approach to that solution, and then conducts a critical analysis. From Spinoza and Nietzsche, third, it shows that this is more philosophical The problem of evil is expanding beyond human suffering, such as abuse, illness, and evil animals. This version of the problem includes animals suffering from natural evil such as violence and fear that animals face predators, natural disasters, and the history of evolution. Following the expression by Charles Darwin, this is also known as Darwin's evil problem. The second version of the evil problem that applies to animals and the avoidable pain they encounter are caused, for example, by atrocities of animals and by other people. It was shot dead. The problem of such evil has been used by scholars such as John Hick to oppose reaction and defense against evil problems. Unethical but conscious victims Introduction beyond evil: In my opinion, the problem of evil is the best starting point for a fruitful dialogue with contemporary philosophy recognized as a traditional Christian concept. It is a threat. So, I first outline the problem of evil in the most possible way, introduce Augustine's approach to that solution, and then try to do a critical analysis; ... there is a problem of evil, It is a simple and simple fact. Discussion on the evil (and pain) problem proves this fact. The argument over evil shows that God has full power and full power. It shows that God is kind. In other words, he is hoping that only kindness exists. But look at all evil and evil in the world. The god of all good is completely inconsistent. God's almighty is that you can do whatever he wants. So, if God can do anything what he wants, why then?

Art of Jewish Many scenes, art can tell stories, even even express someone's feelings. Speakers about Jewish art are very interesting. While drawing it through art, she translated many Jewish stories and commandments. There are few people who can do this, but I think she is doing very well. The work she explained once tells the wonderful story of the history of the Jews. One thing I thought was very important was that she wanted to add something new to Judaism through her art. I am very pleased that I liked art. In the 20th century, Jewish artists and unique Jewish art became part of the history of Western art. After centuries of oppression and isolation, Jewish artists came out of the slums and castles and became the main force of the Western art world. Marc Chagall, Max Weber, R. B. Kitaj clearly deals with Jewish subjects, indicating that Jews are an acceptable subject of art. Artists such as Barnett Newman and Mark Rothko are central players of avant-garde art mid-century and are important developers of abstract expressions and other art movements. These artists are considered Jews, but their Jews are often nervous about the world of art, trying to avoid figurative depictions. "Religious Judaism" does not mix with art From 1870 until the Second World War, secular Jewish art and culture flourished with 18,000 yiddies, thousands of Hebrews, Europeans, hundreds of plays, movies and others. Art forms Franz Kafka and Marcel Proust are the authors of these works. Many famous Jews including Sigmund Freud, Gustav Mahler, Billy Joel, Mark Chagall, Henry Bergson, Allende are secular. Shawitz, Heinrich Heine, Albert Einstein, Theodore Herzl, Louis Brandeis, Miha Joseph Berchichevsky, Harim Na Herman Bialik, Jerry Sainfeld, Larry David, Karl Marx, Boris Pasternak, Dave Rubin, Baruch Spinoza Theme 2 is similar to other art forms, and writing is based on the artist's inspiration. Regardless of subtly and clearly, the interaction of artists and the perception of the world influences their work. Franz Kafka, born in a Jewish family in Prague, took much of his life experience into his work The Metamorphosis. "Metamorphosis" has many connections with the main character Gregor Samsa and Kafka's own life. - In Greger's demeanization novel "Metamorphosis" in "Metamorphosis" Franca Kafka, the hero's gurger, experienced a physical change from humans to insects. Despite this change in appearance, he maintains the human brain because insect tendencies gradually occupy his everyday behavior. During his external change, he maintained his unintentional state of mind, memory and internal dialogue.

The scientific revolution discusses different beliefs and attitudes of Cervantes, Banyan, Milton, Spinoza and Pascal. Discuss their skepticism / doctrinal beliefs, the reasons behind them, and your opinion. The scientific revolution brought about a sudden explosion of revolutionary inventions, thoughts and literature. Many people believe that Cervantes Saavedra, Spanish writer Miguel, is one of Spain's best writers. Spain is a Catholic country, and many of its documents reflect this value. Similarities between scientific revolution and enlightenment thought In this article we will explore the similarities between scientific revolutionary thought and enlightenment thought. The scientific revolution represents the era when the universe was drawn in ways observed through the advancement of science in the 16th and 17th centuries. Enlightenment refers to a kind of campaign born of a revolutionary new scientific thinking that occurred in the latter half of the 17th century. What is the Science Revolution? And why is it important for Europe? When is scientific revolution useful for development? These are some of the questions many people raised when asked to define the scientific revolution and enlightenment of the 17th and 18th centuries. The terms "scientific revolution" and "enlightenment" are used to describe two important stages Europe encountered in the 16th and 19th centuries. The scientific revolution of the 17th century had a major impact on Europe Let's see. The scientific revolution is the name we use to explain the important scientific breakthrough that happened in the 16th and 17th centuries. The scientific revolution is closely related to enlightenment, which is an intellectual movement from the end of the 17th century to the 19th century. Nicholas Copernicus became the early leader of the scientific revolution based on modern (or solar-centered) cosmology. Galileo Galilei is another important person. He pioneered the development of the telescope and was condemned as a heathen who supported the heart of Copernicus. During the scientific revolution, many scientists made a significant contribution to the field of astronomy. These scientists include Galileo Galilei, Nicholas Copernicus, and Marie Winkelmann. Copernicus was admired by believing in the heart center where the sun is the center of the universe. It is the most important contribution of the scientific revolution. It raises the hearts of other scientists and casts doubts on the beginning of how the church draws the universe. Galileo further refined the telescope and observed it. He proved that the universe is not composed of substances resembling the Earth. With the idea of ​​Copernicus and Galileo, people began to ignore the beliefs of the Earth 's beliefs. Since the church doubted the overall interpretation of the universe church, he began to attack the ideas of Copernicus and Galileo. Another excellent astronomer is Mary Winkelmann.

A number of different philosophers comparing theories of the existence of God have their own theories about the existence of God. They have their own ideas about the way they believe that God is the cause. These philosophers are Anslem, Spinoza and Leibniz. . Anslem is a philosopher who uses ontological thinking to explain the existence of God. The ontological thinking process shows the existence and existence of objects. Anselm's claim is that God is "a real existence and can not even think that it does not exist." There is much debate about the existence of God about the existence of God. For a long time everyone wanted to prove the existence of God. Some people think that God exists and is proved by many philosophical or scientific foundations and religious reasons. On the other hand, others do not believe in the existence of God and their foundation is proved from many theoretical and scientific point of view. Many people try to prove the existence of God with reason. After Descartes proves its existence, he will think the truth about the essence of God, evidence of the existence of God, and the nature of material objects. The main task in Descartes' meditation is to design a system that allows him to understand the truth. He wants to lay the foundation of all further philosophy Since the concept of God was conceived, the existence of God has become a problem. Descartes tried to prove the existence of God, argued against his theory of the devil, and showed that there is no doubt that there is some external existence. He is looking for a definite certainty, the foundation on which he can base on all his beliefs and know that they are real facts. Descartes' overall project is to find a definite certainty that he can be based on all his knowledge and beliefs. Foundation for the existence of God ... God is perfect, almighty, omniscient and can be defined as a creator and ruler considered to be faith and worship for monotheism. Main objectives (1) Many people do not believe any religion. For those who do not believe in religion, there is no reason to believe in God. People who do not believe in God and oppose the existence of God are proving totally wrong. There are many gods

The category of Aristotle's things is called "ambiguous" and they have common names, but the definition corresponding to the name is different. Therefore, the actual male and the person in the picture can be called "animals", but they have common names, but because the definition corresponding to the name is different, they are all arbitrary names . His definition in the case applies only to that situation, in the sense that everyone should define each animal as an animal. Aristotle's classification is a very important philosophical study. Not only is it the pillar of Aristotle's own philosophical theory, it has unparalleled influence on the systems of many great philosophers in the Western tradition. A series of doctrines in this category, which I call classificationism, provides a framework of Aristotle's various philosophical studies, from Aristotle's physics to time theory to metaphysics and even discussions from expansion. He refused Platonic moral philosophy in his ethics at Nikoma. Beyond his own work, Aristotle's taxonomy brought something like primitive man, porphyry, Aquinas, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Rock, Berkeley, Hume, Kant, Higg. The attention of various philosophers such as Brentano and Heidegger differently accepts, defends, modifies and rejects their central debate. It seems strange to quote Aquinas in articles about Aristotle's category, but I do it for two reasons. First, as Ackrill and Furth commented, Aristotle's plan was severely criticized by scholars and philosophers. But Aquinas' comments on quality shows that a truly talented translator - indeed Aristotle's interpreter is not as big as Aquinas - can satisfy many criticisms. Secondly, and more importantly, Aquinas' attention to quality category suggests its deep historical importance in one of the most important facts of the Aristotle category, ie metaphysical speculative development . In this respect, it can be compared with metaphysical 20th century quantifiers. It is difficult to imagine the analytical metaphysics of the 20th century, regardless of whether the quantifier has the final philosophical significance.

Rada Krishnan 's Thought and Existentialism Abstract: It is trying to show similarity between Rada Krishnan and existentialist thinkers. Radhakrishnan's philosophy is to reconstruct and reconstruct Sankara's Advaita Vedanta based on modern scientific knowledge and skills. Existentialism is an attitude and perspective emphasizing the existence of human beings. For Radhakrishnan, humans are essentially subjects, not subjects. Existentialists argue that humans are not known objects, but subjects. In this article we will explore the contacts of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) and their correspondence to three monotheistic forms of Christianity, Hinduism, and Muslim. This article is an encounter between Rada Krishna and Christian monotheism in early education of Christian missionary schools, ii) Rabindranath · Tagore's "monotheism of Hinduism", and iii) Article 1923 "Islam and India Understanding the monotheism of Rada Krishnan Islam in "Thought of the Lord". The author began his research on the formation and research of Radhakrishnan's 1908 master's thesis. This paper suggests that Radhakrishnan respond differently to these monotheistic traditions, as he understands these traditions. Radhakrishnan criticized each of these traditions, but still allowed them to contribute to the development of their religious ideas. Therefore, the interpretation of these traditions by Rada Krishnan reflects the development of his own religious thought. Radhakrishnan's earliest childhood and little knowledge of education. Rada Krishnan rarely talks about his life. Radhakrishnan, born in Tirutani of Andhra Pradesh, became a family of Brahmin and may be a wise person of religion. Tiltani is mainly a Hindu temple town and popular pilgrimage site, and Radhakrishnan's family actively participates in spiritual activities. Advaita, which is implicitly accepted by saṅkara through the tradition of Smarta, is a good proof that the excellent framework is important but potentially characteristic of Radhakrishnan's early philosophy and religious feelings. Two important influences of Madhaks Christian College Radhakrishnan left a sign that remained in the emotions of Radhakrishnan. First of all, Radhakrishnan is trained here in European philosophy. Radhakrishnan was featured in Berkeley, Leibniz, Locke, Spinoza, Kant, J.S. Philosophical mill, Herbert Spencer, Fichte, Hegel, Aristotle and Prato et al. Radhakrishnan also introduced the philosophical and theological aspects of his master's programmer and professor A. G. Hogg, the most influential non-Indian tutor. Hogg is a missionary of the Scottish Presbyterian Church and is trained under the guidance of Albrecht Trier's theology and philosopher Andrew Sessinger / Patterson. As a student of Arthur Titius, he is a student of Albrecht Ritschl, using Ritschlian to distinguish religious values, emphasizing subjective perception and theoretical knowledge, and trying to discover the essence of the ultimate reality.

Over the years, European society has relied on religion to answer most of their questions. But the age of enlightenment was when the Europeans opened the light and made everyone think in a new way. Age of Enlightenment is an era when philosophers promote logic and reason and answer questions to society. These thinkers do not mind about the afterlife, only care about secular views. In addition, philosophy is very important in enlightenment, the most influential philosophers are Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau. Age of Enlightenment is an age of scientific awakening, and Age of Enlightenment is mainly developed in France. The starting point of enlightenment is John Rock's book on human understanding. Enlightenment attacked the leaders of the church and focused on the problems that had been avoided in the past. Trying to challenge the church takes courage. As the Church said, enlightenment questioned people such as "Earth is the center of the universe". There are four major areas of transformation: religion, intellectuals, economics, and politics. From the Middle Ages to Enlightenment and the 19th century, along with enlightenment and the 19th century, the evolution of knowledge has changed drastically. From the 17th century to the 18th and 19th centuries, the age of enlightenment was thought to be a cultural movement of intellectuals. It also began spreading to American colonies on continental Europe. This is by purpose https://www.studymode.com/subjects/which-labels-for-the-middle-ages-best-describe-the-era-between-500-and-1400-in-europe-the-dark-ages- Europe's most faithful, or oldest feudal age of the golden era - page 1. Html "The labels of the Middle Ages best describe the European Dark Ages from 500 to 1400, or the feudalism era of the European Golden Age," theses and research papers Okay, men and girls, ready to enlightenment In this lesson I will introduce enlightenment. what is that? Enlightenment, sometimes called the era of enlightenment, was an intellectual movement from the late 17th century to the early 18th century, emphasizing reasons, individualism, and skepticism. Enlightenment challenged the traditional religious view. Because that was such a wide movement, enlightenment did not have an accurate start date. It did not pop up, but it gradually developed. Most historians came to the beginning of enlightenment from the mid 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. The work of intellectuals like Rene Descartes, Barus Spinoza, Isaac Newton is particularly important for the creation of enlightenment. Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere wrote Tartuffe at the beginning of Age of Enlightenment. A big feature of Age of Enlightenment was promotion of rationality, not emotion to make a decision. The enlightenment leaders truly believe that if people do this, the world will be better. In Tartuf, when a character makes a decision using his emotions, they feel that they are in a bad state. And those who make them rule over their emotions

Why are people of this era, 1600 - 1770 called the era of enlightenment? In this age of enlightenment, humans in the ear think that they are "enlightened" groups. I believe that they are solving human problems. They believe that it is close to other times to understand how the universe and people work, and how to live a better life and live a better life. Why is it sometimes called the era of reason? Between 1600 and 1700, the era of reason is the name of this era. Great thinkers of the time and people who received education think that the universe and the world are logical, rational and reasonable. The age of enlightenment was an age of scientific awakening; the era of enlightenment mainly developed in France. The starting point for Enlightenment is John Locke's book on human understanding. Enlightenment attacked church leaders and focused on problems that were avoided in the past. Trying to challenge the church requires courage. Illuminati asked people "Earth is the center of the universe." There are four major areas of change, religion, intellectuals, economics, politics. From the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment and the Enlightenment of the 19th century and the 19th century, the evolution of knowledge has changed dramatically. From the 17th century to the 18th century to the 19th century, the era of enlightenment was regarded as a cultural movement of intellectuals. It is said that it began to spread to American colonies of Continental Europe. This is by purpose https://www.studymode.com/subjects/which-labels-for-the-middle-ages-best-describe-the-era-between-500-and-1400-in-europe-the-dark-ages- Feudal age of Europe's most faithful, or most golden age ages - page 1. Html Labels and research papers label "What is the best medieval beliefs describing the era of the feudalism of the golden era of the European 500 to 1400 or the European dark era era" Well, men and women, preparation for enlightenment. In this lesson we will introduce Enlightenment. what is that? Enlightenment is sometimes called "era of enlightenment", emphasizing rationality, individualism and skepticism, the 17th century intellectual movement and the late 18th century. Enlightenment challenged the traditional religious view. The Enlightenment was such a broad movement, so there was no exact start date. I did not pop up, but it gradually developed. Most historians set the beginning of the Enlightenment from the middle of the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. The work of intellectuals such as Rene Descartes, Barus Spinoza, Isaac Newton is particularly important for the creation of the Enlightenment. Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere wrote Tartuffe at the beginning of Enlightenment's era. A major characteristic of the awareness era was promotion of rationality over emotions for decision making. The Enlightenment leaders truly believe that the world will be better if people do this. In Tartov, when a character makes decisions using his emotions, they feel that they are in a bad state. And those feelings dominate them

From nature to society In 1690, John Rock laid the foundation for his civil society philosophy in his second government paper. In France after 65 years, Jean Jacques Rousseau began a similar initiative to disintegrate social contracts to an extent that is easy to explain. For their own purposes, the two political philosophers used the same term most notably the "state of nature". It is clear that Rousseau borrowed many lock concepts and cited rocks many times in his argument about the origin of inequality. People are free from the framework provided by the enforcement of natural law and social law, not from nature, not from society and its law. When they are known, they will make their wills relatively free. But they also decided their own limits, that is, limits to achieve human self-configuration goals. Free will is not self-will, but arbitrariness. Spinoza thought in his time that freedom should be understood as a need for freedom rather than arbitrariness. Will is the most active part of human consciousness. It will show you the desire to act, choose the direction of action, decide to act in some way and achieve a goal. In the causal relationship wave, humans are not driftwoods. He is very fine. Freedom is indicated by intentional activities For Karl Marx, humanity reflects their society. It is a product of relationships between human consciousness (their psychology), material world, and society. These three things have created our nature in society, but we also have the basic species nature. Our basic nature or the nature of the species is more important for Marx than our personal character. If they have family conflicts, they are likely to participate in gangs as they are driven out of their families at a young age, and the gang provides a way that is completely independent of their parents' age. Family involvement is also a major aspect of the risk that women will join the group. The extent of the involvement of the women's family affects the development of her life

Anselm Anselm was born in 1033 by aristocratic parents in Aosta, Italy. He and his mother always have a strong relationship, but his relationship with his father is very different. They will never succeed. Anselm wanted to be a priest since he was a young boy. As a child, he imagined that heaven would stay on the Jupiter Hill outside his home, which might help plow this dream. Anselm did not want to become a monk any longer after a short period later, but when he was fifteen he did not become a priest. St. Anselm was born in Ostapiemonte in 1033. Anselm knew that he wanted to be a monk when he was very young. After Anselm's father forbade to follow his dream of becoming a monk, Anselm left the house in his early twenties. Anselm emigrated to France, where he became a monk in 1060. A few years later, Anselm became a precedent for Abbott. At 1093, A. A. Anselm was enshrined as an archbishop. The next few years was a tension and confusion between Anselm and the King about money and other issues ... St. Ansel brought problems to Rome where he was less helped than he thought. In the meantime, King William died and St. Anselm returned to England. The new king made great emphasis on St. Anthony and never denied his view or opinion on important issues. Nevertheless there are still problems like money that need to be solved by Rome. Even if there is a difference in a problem, St. Anthony and the King still have a good relationship. An ontological argument was originally developed by Anselm of Canterbury, a clergy and philosopher of the 12th century. Philosophers and scholars have found several different clues to Anselm's work. The simplified version of Anselm's proof was very popular in modern times (17th - 18th century), which was used with a few examples by Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz. A simplified discussion is this: Kant provides two major arguments for this proof. His first critique was traditional criticism. And it was used by Aquinas and many other medieval philosophers. Kant's argument depends on the following assertions: whether it is always two separate problems, one thing. We can say what you like about the essence and essence of things. It is always a matter of asking whether there is something with this essence or essence.

Benedict Spinoza, a genius student and social shame philosopher, said "People are social animals" (Kaplan 278). Whether recognized or not, desire for social acceptance is part of human culture. People have longed for it, obsessed with it, and changed himself to get it. Humans may not succeed in trying to reach the social position they believe when they examine their lives. Because the superficial reasons for clothing and faction are different, we refuse to accept it. However, because of the personality of talent, it was also denied. Laurence J. Coleman first adapted the social shame theory of Erving Goffman (1963) to a talented child. Laurence J. Coleman and Tracy L. Cross further detail the shame of talented theory in a book called "Gifts in Schools" widely cited in the field of talented education. In the "Giving Gifts" chapter, the authors extended the theory originally proposed in the 1988 article. According to Google Scholar, this article has been cited at least 110 times in academic literature. In the theory of social embarrassment of Goffman, shame is a property, action or reputation that loses trust from society in a particular way: it is not welcome It leads people rejected by rejected stereotypes Spiritual classification of others It is not an ordinary fixed idea that is accepted. . A famous sociologist, Gofman, defines shame as a special gap between virtual social identity and real social identity. Supplementation His "social identity" depends on these expectations that we have and has turned them into prescriptive expectations. Formally requested

The pursuit of life, freedom, and happiness is an indication that everyone should enjoy basic freedom. The fact that people have reasoning abilities requires autonomy. Inference will help the world move towards an ideal society. We claim that humans are independent from other animal species using reason. Because he can choose his own way of life, human thought creates all the differences. However, this natural gift brings negative factors that everyone must face. For philosophers like Spinoza and Emmanuel Kant, "freedom of speech" means freedom of knowledge to participate mainly in exchange discussions opened. In 1784, five years before the French Revolution, Kant argued that "freedom to openly use their reasons" is a basic and equal right of everyone or citizen. Likewise, when Mill wrote "freedom" less than a century ago, he defended freedom of speech, defended the "Freedom of Thought and Discussion" as an individual and pursued the truth. To these thinkers, the freedom of equal isigoria is still essential, but their attention is not limited to actual remarks, ie participation in solving and discussing other physical actions, reasonable psychological exercises and ideas and arguments We will move on to the exchange of. , Often printing There are two kinds freely. Freedom (negative freedom) and freedom (positive freedom). The division of freedom into this binary framework can be traced back to Kant, which he at least described in detail in his 1941 work "Escape from Freedom" at Isaiah Berlin's 1958 paper "Two Freedoms". It is known for concepts and explores Charles Taylor more modernly. These philosophers and thinkers often use these two different freedoms to discuss and discuss the role of government in civic life. But today, we would like to explore ways to think about the difference between freedom and freedom. It will help us to better understand our personal development and travel from boys to men. Kant has many reasons to believe that freedom is essential to morality. First of all, freedom is essential for moral responsibility. For example, when we are responsible for personal behavior against accusations, we avoid "such behavior" and "condemn" to condemn the individual against not properly exercising this ability To do. "We must judge that judgment of condemnation is based on the law of reason, that it can treat it as ... and should judge that the behavior of the person is not the cause" (A 555 / B 583). Second, Kant believes that "moral law immediately determines the will" is essential for moral behavior (Proverbs 5:71). As Hume said, if the will of a man must be required by her situation and experience, the moral law requires that Hume respond appropriately because it requires that Hume does not support pure thought and motivation It is impossible. This is the true cornerstone of Kant's moral thought (Guyer 2000: 203)

Evaluation of Hobbes' Concept of the Monarchy Thomas Hobbes is a supporter of single modulation and this paper proves that Hobbes is right to support the centralized management system of the government and also shows the ideological genre of opponents. Finally, I will give you my opinion on the monarchal system. Thomas Hobbes lived between 1588 and 1769, and a violent incident occurred around the majority of his life. The biggest case is the British Civil War. The war lasted about seven years, overthrowing the monarchy established in the UK many years ago. Thomas Hobbes was a British philosopher and political theorist of the 17th century and was known for his political thought in modern times. Hobbes witnessed terrorist attacks of British civil war between 1642 and 1661. He was convinced that absolute monarchy is the only form of government that can provide a safe environment for practicing these benefits while maintaining individuals and their interests. Hobbes wrote about the concept of absoluteism or absolute monarchy. Who is the influence of Thomas Hobbs? Thomas Hobbs has influenced many countries, including Bhutan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Swaziland. In addition to Bhutan, these countries adopt Hobbes' absolute monarchy as these countries are constitutional monarchy. The difference between the absolute monarchy and the constitutional monarchy is that the absolute monarchy is a form of government and that one ruler can absolutely control every aspect of the government. In contrast, the constitutional monarchy is a form of monarchy, the ruler is bound to the constitution. This indicates that they believe that certain rulers seem to be essential to the growth of their country. If there is no leader, the country will collapse. In addition, Hobbes influenced the people of those days by opposing the British Parliament and the French pope system. In addition, his political philosophy affected other political theorists such as Locke, Spinoza, Rousseau, and led to their investigation. Evaluation of Hobbes' Concept of the Monarchy Thomas Hobbes is a supporter of single modulation and this paper proves that Hobbes is right to support the centralized management system of the government and also shows the ideological genre of opponents. Finally, I will give you my opinion on the monarchal system. Thomas Hobbes lived between 1588 and 1769, and a violent incident occurred around the majority of his life. The biggest case is the British Civil War. - Both Hobbes and Rock abandoned the idea of ​​sacred monarchy. Neither of them agrees with the fact that the ruler or Congress has all power for its citizens. So basically they are opposed to absoluteism, and their view is that rebel groups are in their era. Both philosophers have similar views, but they have a view contradictory to the sovereignty of the citizen's "social contract" and its ruler, "the natural conditions of mankind".

Capitalism and ordinary people have several arguments, and weak rationality that gives politicians, cheaters, and various stakeholders more than a century of control. One of the arguments is that capitalism will mainly profit richer than normal. This vision urged the declaration as follows. Rep. Richard Ghefart insists that high-income people are "winners" of "life lotteries". Then, there is Robert Reich, former Labor Secretary, who said high-income people are "lucky fifth." These ridiculous visions have led people who seek "happiness" to voluntary or mandatory "compensation" through taxation. When a famous individual (Rich Social Capital) replies to you on social media, the reaction of ordinary people will be as follows. "It will increase the social capital of ordinary people, but if ordinary people answer you more or less:" I "and your social capital sum will hardly work. Capitalism is a word that no one thinks natural. Early in the 18th century, the capitalist form coexisted with other economic structures like democratic socialism. The idea that ordinary people want to interact with the government to own and operate the business as little as possible is just a dream. In the past 100 years, the United States has shown the world how truthful this idea is. For centuries landlords dominated social and political classes, few people could achieve their own identity and status. The more land the person has, it is most important to believe that he deserves more respect. Well, at the turn of the 19th century, when people like businessmen and bankers break down the delicate balance of ownership and prove that business freedom is a big concept from the heart, dramatic change happen. Essay.com/ Overview of How Capitalism in the Contemporary World Affects Business in the US Capitalism is a mass production system that essentially meets the needs of the masses. It injects many horns to the public. It will raise the average standard of living up to the height never dreamed in the early days. It made millions of people's recreation, and only a few generations were accessible to the little elite. . . . Writing is a kind of art without compensation. Blacksmiths and shoemakers can make a living, but the author can not. Writing is free art, a hobby, but it is not a profession. This is a sublime pursuit of the rich, the king, the great, the politician, the aristocracy, and other independent gentlemen. Bishops and monks, university teachers and soldiers practice in their leisure time. In addition to the identity of the author, an irresistible impulse to writing a ruthless person must first obtain some source of income. Spinoza ground lens. Father and son, two mills are working at the London office of East India Company

In this introduction of the special issue, I introduce the unstable combination of strange novel development, fear, fantasy science, fantasy in three stages. These are mostly related to HP Lovecraft: Old Weird (1880-1940), centered around Lovecraft. Literature and critical work and pulp magazine Weird Tales gave this type of name; an unusual transition characterized by a marked decline in type, but actually looking at strange elements (1940-80 ) We are criticizing the old and eccentric reactive politics by transitioning to a wide variety of types and media customs, and a new strange thing (1980 - present), a very positive view of the body and aliens. In a bizarre age, philosophy and critique theory infects the strange elements of nihilism and extreme anti-humanism like a fictitious realism school. This historical viewpoint reveals a strange form of "pulp modernism" that is not contradictory for very modernist or post-modernism. Benjamin Noys is a professor of critique theory at the University of Chichester. Accelerationism and Capitalism (2014), and editing of that community: Critical Introduction (2000), Death Culture (2005), Negative Sustainability: Criticism of Modern Theory (2010), and Malignancy Violence · Bataille writer complained (2011). He is currently writing a "mysterious life". It is a critical argument about important and life problems in modern theory. Timothy S. Murphy is an English professor at Houston-Truax-Wentz at Oklahoma State University. He is awake: Amodern William Burroughs (1997) and Antonio Negri: Modernity and the Multitude (2012); Antonio Negri Philosophy Editor (2005-7); and Negri's Subversive Spinoza (2004), Burning Books (2005)) , Trilogy translation (2011) and desert flowers (2015 years). He is a genre from 2000 to 2013: editor in chief of discourse and culture form. The course includes the introduction of pastoral care, the formation and growth of spirituality, the introduction of the New Testament, theology of the Old Testament, pastoral counseling, Christian ethics, consultation before marriage, counseling on marriage, counseling on sorrow and loss, Bible counseling Clinical grounds, and addiction. Maranatha Baptist Seminary has awarded a master's degree in Bible consulting. These 33 credit plans can be completed on campus or online. All students complete Biblical tutoring internship under the supervision of an approved university tutor. Students learn how to consult with ministries and crisis individuals at church, youth group, or missionary department. Graduates of the program will also be prepared to continue graduate studies Courses include psychology and counseling theory, introduction of the New Testament, skill improvement, spiritual training, marital and family counseling, counselor problems, ethical and legal problems, crisis counseling and pastoral methodology, Includes Bible counseling methodology. Coaching internship. Apex Theological Seminary offers master's degree of Christian counseling art and master's degree in Biblical counseling art. Master of Arts in Christian Counseling (69 credits) offers professional counseling, marriage and family therapy. Graduates of the program provide professional counseling for individuals, couples and families in the church and the community environment through preparation of the classroom and clinical training. Master of Arts in Biblical Counseling (36 credits) is a short-term course focused on student development, support, and church counseling services.

Baruch Spinoza once said that "experiences are not only reasons, they are aware of their behavior, they do not recognize the reasons for deciding these behaviors, so they think they are free," I mentioned. By comparison, we see that our lives and thoughts are the result of our destiny, and that the concept of free will that human beings are only understanding the situation. Likewise, the slaughterhouse of Kurt Vonnegut on May 5 shows the concept of time to explore the fight of free will and destiny and prove that there is no free will in warfare; it is just fate. Slaughterhouse V (Kurt Vonnegut) Slaughterhouse V (Kurt Vonnegut) is a useless novel in itself, but if it is clearly stated on the page, considering only events of today or events in general life, That makes more sense. Using the role of Billy Pilgram, Vonegott conveyed his view on Billy's reaction and common function. If he was truly walking among us, Billy Pilgram is no longer a human being. In Slaughterhouse-Five, Manhattan radio studio Kurt Vonnegut and Billy Pilgrim said, "Among literary critic groups to discuss whether the novel died or not", "one of which is now a burial fiction" Stated. A hundred years after Appomattox, the Virginian wrote Uncle Tom's hut, so it's a good time - this is a reference to Styron's novel - The slaughterhouse at the slaughterhouse in the slaughterhouse was an anti-war novel by Kurt Vonnegut, the most vibrant American writer from 11 November 1920 to 11 April 2007. It is one. This book is unique in that it can be classified as a history novel, science fiction, autobiography (part of the hero's life is similar to Vonegut's life). The slaughterhouse Five follows this lifelong and journey of the main character Billy Pilgrim in this nonlinear novel. Many writers in history wrote science fiction and gained great success, but as time goes by, only a handful of authors are sticking as much as Slaughterhouse-Five of the cart Vonnegut. Slaughterhouse-Five was a personal novel using Vonnegut's experience as a scout of World War II, he was arrested and captured, and in February 1945 he witnessed Dresden. The history of the explosion of fire (the greatest massacre). This novel is about Billy, the lifetime and era of veteran pilgrimages of the Second World War. In Slaughterhouse-Five, Kurt Vonnegut draws time-related topics using structure and perspectives

The existence of objective logic - the existence of a consistent structure of objects - Perception is caused by objects, but it is static and irrelevant to perceptual interpretation, there is subjective logic and that is ours Process used to improve the accuracy of the conceptual model by making conceptual models of consistency observed in the environment, and conceptual models more consistent with existing objective consistency. In our environment Logic is an absolute form of objectivity and is therefore the ability of mathematics and its physical model, but subjective logic is only an attempt to create structurally equivalent objects with real objective structures. + 2 = 4 is always a transcendental truth and is never a mistake. It is deducted from the relevant definition. The mathematics that we express in language is subjective, but the structure that it uses is not only subjective - it is a subjective structure consistent with predictive, objective structure. Objective reasoning refers to reasoning according to a series of logical and objective criteria, subjective thinking refers to reasoning without objective criteria. Objective reasoning refers to inferences unrelated to a specific subjective context and unaffected by personal characteristics, emotions, subjective opinions 1. . Objective thinking means a fair and balanced investigation. In inference it is necessary to define what is worthwhile and related, and this can weight the various factors involved. This assignment of the importance of the various factors involved defines the background and results of the inference process below. When subjectively doing, depending on the nature of the reasoning subject, several factors are emphasized and other factors are alleviated. In his logic George Hegel distinguishes between subjective logic (usually logical) including concepts, judgments, reasoning, but objective logic includes logos, ontologies or metaphysics. Something by ontological reasoning of the Spinoza system. (Lawvere 94), it is alleged that the general structure of topology theory like classification logic and vassals should be considered as a formal embodiment of Hegel 's objective logic. Many of Lawvere's works contain relevant advice. Lawvere, see the mathematics related to philosophy. The existence of objective logic - the existence of a consistent structure of objects - Perception is caused by objects, but it is static and irrelevant to perceptual interpretation, there is subjective logic and that is ours Process used to improve the accuracy of the conceptual model by making conceptual models of consistency observed in the environment, and conceptual models more consistent with existing objective consistency. In our environment

The scientific revolution had a great impact on the enlightenment of the 17th and 18th centuries. The greatest contribution of the scientific revolution to the Enlightenment was to cast doubt on the concept of Christian doctrine through logic. This is beyond speculation that some people act personally among friends and may reach a level beyond the boundaries of any country. The Gutenberg's 15th century printing press made it possible for these great thinkers to spread their theory to those who did not have enormous wealth. God was born and prospered primarily in Europe and North America during the 17th and 18th century Enlightenment Period (please see the God of religious tolerance for details). Many American founder believe themselves as deity, or believe that elements of deity are part of their personal moral philosophy. Examples include Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington and others. In addition to understanding our own moral lens, God also provides a useful window for historical ideas behind the establishment of our country. Okay, men and girls, ready to enlightenment In this lesson I will introduce enlightenment. what is that? Enlightenment, sometimes called the era of enlightenment, was an intellectual movement from the late 17th century to the early 18th century, emphasizing reasons, individualism, and skepticism. Enlightenment challenged the traditional religious view. Because that was such a wide movement, enlightenment did not have an accurate start date. It did not pop up, but it gradually developed. Most historians came to the beginning of enlightenment from the mid 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. The work of intellectuals like Rene Descartes, Barus Spinoza, Isaac Newton is particularly important for the creation of enlightenment. Many critical thinkers believed that religion and reason are hostile in the age of enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries. For them, the Middle Ages or the "era of faith" is therefore the opposite of the era of reason. Kant and Voltaire were attacking the Middle Ages as an era of religious decline, and Jimbo in the "History of the decline and decline of the Roman Empire" expressed their contempt for "garbage in the dark ages". But like Petrarch, he saw himself at the cutting edge of the "new era" and criticized it for centuries before his own time, as was the enlightenment writer .

In the next article, I will dispute Descartes' interactionism, primarily in his work "The Passion of the Soul", in communication with Princess Elizabeth about the unity of the mind and body. First, I will explain the basic features of the concept of Descartes' interaction. In other words, since the pineal gland is the only part of the brain, it is the "major position" of the mind. The pineal gland also has a series of movements that correspond to the body and soul and may be "destroyed" by the spirit of souls and animals. Interactionism was proposed by French rationalism philosopher Rene Descartes (1596-1650) and continues to be associated with him. Descartes believes that the body is material and features a spatial extent rather than thought and emotion and the mind as an independent issue has no room to spread, but you can think and feel. However, he insists that the two interact, suggesting that this interaction occurs in the pineal gland of the brain. One of the objections that is often raised in interactionism is the problem of causal interaction - how two different substances the theory assumes, how mental and substance can affect each other. Descartes' theory that the interaction between the mind and the material world occurs in the pineal gland was thought to be inappropriate by many philosophers at the time. According to this viewpoint, the heart and body seem to interact, but in reality it is moved only by God, whereas Gottfried Leibniz states that the mind and body are in a pre-established harmony as "monotheism" I believe. Meanwhile, Baruch Spinoza rejects Descartes' dualism and foresees a modern perspective of neutral monism, as it suggests that heart and material are actually attributes of a single substance. Descartes is a materialistic dualist who believes that there is a causal relationship between the dialogueist, thought and body. However, when interaction and material dualism are combined, how non-physical entities that do not spread to the physical world cause changes in the body, and how the body is nonphysical, emotional or physical Does it cause a change in physical health? What? Descartes thought that the pineal gland of the brain might be a relationship between the soul and the body, but then gave up the idea and acknowledged that he did not have the answer to the question. Other believers in the Descartes tradition later believed that the causal relationship between the body and the mind was an opportunity for God's intervention - an obvious causal relationship was not direct, but God's hands are material It was the real cause of action in the world.

a: Accurately measure behavior, course or result in order to more accurately determine tumor size Dhruva: First of all, we need to define determinism. Determinism is a philosophical theory that all events, including moral choices, are completely determined for existing reasons. Determinism is often understood as exclusion of free will. Because it requires that humans can not act in their way. The theory argues that the universe is perfectly reasonable as complete knowledge of any particular situation can ensure that unmistakable understanding of its future. Think about what you think is deterministic. This is not because we chose the decision reasonably for caution but rather means we think the determinism is correct; we decided to do so. But if so, what is the reason why anyone should argue for determinism? If their beliefs in deterministic truths were determined, what is the significance of trying to persuade determinism to other people? The determinism is either truth or not. If the certainty is true, my choice will eventually be caused by events and conditions I can not control, so I am not their first reason ... so I am neither free nor responsible. If the determinism is wrong, what happens inside me (I call "my choice" or "my decision") is the first of the causal chains that leads to a series of body movements that I call It may be an event. For "my behavior". However, this event is not determined by causality, so whether it happens is a problem of opportunity or luck. Whether it happened has nothing to do with me; it is not within my control, but the unconscious knee jumps under my control. Therefore, if determinism is wrong, I am neither the first reason nor the ultimate source of my choice ... I am neither free nor responsible Determinism is a philosophical proposition that all events, including human recognition, decision, and behavior, are determined by a series of pre-occurrence events. I believe nothing has been decided yet. The main result of the deterministic argument is that it challenges the existence of free will. The question of free will is whether rational agents can control his or her behavior and decisions. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to understand the relationship between freedom and causality, and to judge whether the natural law has causality certainty. Some philosophers known as incompatible people believe that determinism and free will are mutually exclusive. If they believe determinism, they will believe that free will is a fantasy, a position called a difficult determinism. Supporters include Baruch Spinoza and Ted Honderich

There are two main thoughts or methodologies on the subject of epistemology: rationalism and empiricism. These two completely different schools of thought are trying to answer philosophical questions about how to acquire knowledge. Rationalists believe that this process is entirely within our head, but experientists believe that it will be achieved through sensory experience. After reading and understanding each discussion it is clear that empiricism is the most relative descriptive position in epistemology. Empiricalism is an excellent position in discussions of empiricism and rationalism. Renedecart supports rationalism. That is acquiring knowledge by reason. David Hume supports empiricism and knowledge after experience through experience. Both positions have strong debate. Descartes warns that "something is genuine, I do not understand it is such thing." Descartes believes that it is necessary to "assure that rationality is used for everything" in order to obtain true knowledge. Hume, on the other hand, believes that the connection of ideas is our knowledge. He explains this empirical approach, using three principles of relationship between ideas, ie similarity, time or place continuity, causality. Hume believes that we associate these ideas in our mind with the ideas we gained through experience. Essay.com/a Thesis using direct citation of Hume and Descartes to demonstrate positivism against rationalism For a long time philosophers have intensely discussed the classification of philosophical epistemology into two categories: rationalism and empiricism. We believe that empiricism can acquire knowledge only by observing facts or by experimenting, but rationalism gains knowledge through logical reasoning. Rationalism and empiricism are themselves a very viable way of thinking in philosophy, but the arguments of these philosophical schools become more powerful when combined. Then, please argue, rationalism and empiricism, sum. The fact that philosophers can be rationalists or empiricists was traditionally used in the classification system commonly used in the history of philosophy, especially Kant's description in the first half of the 17th to the 17th century It affects the classification system. . Therefore, Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz were erroneously regarded as applying rational core epistemology to a common metaphysical agenda, Rock, Berkeley, and Hume erroneously reached a gradual rejection of their metaphysical claims It was regarded, and everyone consciously tried to improve his predecessor's efforts.

Plato was born in an aristocratic family of Athens in Greece. When he was a child his father, Ariston, was thought of as the descendant of the early king of Athens, and his mother Perictione married Pyrilampes. When young, Plato is always interested in political leadership and eventually becomes a disciple of Socrates. He follows his philosophy and dialectic, and it is believed to pursue the truth through questions, answers and other questions. After witnessing the death of Socrates in the hands of the Athenian Democrat in 399 BC, Plato left Athens and continued his trip to Italy, Sicily and Egypt. Reasons why I chose: Scientific genius of Einstein, Darwin, Newton, and Galileo. The basic philosophy of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle is the cornerstone of Western civilization. Da Vinci and Maimonides have extraordinary abilities to pursue an interdisciplinary spirit. King Solomon's wisdom and women's "international mystery". Finally, Al Ma'arri, Spinoza (Darwin, Galileo, Socrates) has the courage to stick to their own thoughts despite the serious impact of public contempt on death. Finally, I summarize the main points explained in this article. These are very easily integrated into Plato's genius. Its purpose is to emphasize the main reason Plato object to democracy. Plato's claim is shaped by his wonderful idea and another point of his creative genius is shaped by the world in which he lives. There is the possibility of creating a chaotic and disorderly society, which ultimately leads to tyranny, there is a decline in motivation for governance. Second, Plato believes that democratic means of choosing leaders in the world to which social classes and groups belong is not a fertile basis for nurturing an ideal leader. Finally, Plato believes that leaders should be trained for leadership purposes from a young age. Genius Geography, Eric Weiner. Plato once said that "the honor of a certain country has been cultivated there." For teachers, coaches, managers, or anyone who can build other high-quality cultures, you need to read it. In addition, the text of Weiner is very interesting and belongs to his own league. Grit, Angela Duckworth. Talent x effort = skills and skills x effort = achievement. Duckworth says that what matters to us is not nature or cultivation, but cultivating our nature. Being able to stick and stick there is like Duckworth's so-called "grit". She received the MacArthur Genius Award for her research.

Previously from middle English, inlighten, inlightnen, a mixture inspired from middle English ("inspire, illuminate"), from old English inlīhtan, onlīhtan, enlīhten ("to light up," " lightnen ("inspire, illuminate") (same as light + -en) Dutch inlichten ("Introduction, information"), old high German inliuhten ("Introduction, Illuminations"), Gothic ???????? ? (Inliuhtjan, "enlighten", "illuminate"). More inlight, -en Enlightenment (Third person singular form is now realized, now inspiration of participle, simple past and past participle understood) On 30th October 2016, Bernie Evans wrote to the Guardian Big Question as follows. The real responsibility lies in our dangerous hatred of politics. Rather than focusing on genuine dramas that might stimulate the audience, the BBC focuses not on its dramatic output to incorrect historical soap operas, but on conservative politics about that threat It is feared by the house. Please prove our past opinion. As your commentator shows, translators and publishers are aiming to help workers move by stimulating today's movements by providing lessons from the past. Mr. Pexnif warns that it should not be laughing or circling a dear friend and you have to clearly understand that you either answer your questions directly or refuse to be inside yourself not. I gave him inspiration for the mentioned topic Okay, men and girls, ready to enlightenment In this lesson I will introduce enlightenment. what is that? Enlightenment, also known as the age of enlightenment, was an intellectual movement from the late 17th century to the early 18th century, emphasizing reasons, individualism, and skepticism. Enlightenment challenged the traditional religious view. Because that was such a wide movement, enlightenment did not have an accurate start date. It did not pop up, but it gradually developed. Most historians came to the beginning of enlightenment from the middle of the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. The work of intellectuals like Rene Descartes, Barus Spinoza, Isaac Newton is particularly important for enlightenment. In particular, British enlightenment depends on the merit of Sir Isaac Newton whose "principle" shocked the world. His Opticks provided a perfect image of their intelligent enlightenment plan to enlightened thinkers by revealing the nature of the light. As Pope Alexander said, Voltaire is so admiring Newton that his mistress is "Venus - Newton." Newton's physics promises to unleash all the secrets of nature using just reason - do not forget that Newton believes in revelation and reason and writes many comments about the Bible.

Various people are watching the world from various angles. There is always a misunderstanding among people in our society, people's response is different. Some choose jealousy, jealousy, and get angry about how to treat myself and other people, others try to do something about it. Still, there are others who believe that the best way to solve problems between people is to understand what they mean, and to rely on them to just live. As Benedict · Spinoza said, "I am not laughing at human behavior, not hating, not understanding, not laughing." It all depends on the background. On the contrary, most recent readers are not discreet, and highly appreciate the classic background. A boring dictionary defines the context as follows. Ideas, the environment, or a fully understandable environment. If you do not have a context, the idea - like the classic idea - is easily misunderstood or completely ignored. In all of our modernity, we lack many classical backgrounds in many ways. This is not a job for a drunk 5 year old child with brutal spelling skills. It is medium English, it is a variant of English that was spoken after 1066 Norman conquest and the 16 th century ago. It has some similarities with modern English, but without annotation (and alcohol), it is difficult to read. The paintings I present are hand-painted, depicting real art and sculpture from various provincial temples. My grandfather loves creativity and creativity. He underestimated that many of his paintings are basic shapes and images, but he was proud and successful in drawing these sketches. Finding these images is not difficult as my grandfather has sketched many different pictures for various activities. For example, I drew an envelope for my birthday, and he put in money. From the beginning, the picture has special connection with me and my family. We love Grandpa and thank him for all his efforts, support and devotion for our lives. Adding these sketches here will create a sense of unity and compassion for religious themes and how religion depicts my grandfather's daily values ​​and ethics.

The smartest friend of your book has changed his face. Our most popular lighting guide currently has twice the help, including guiding style, expanded quotes, and updated quick quizzes. Please tell me your idea. Each of us has guiding principles and philosophy to shape our prospects for life. These principles and philosophy will help us to answer questions about our happiness and our excitement. If your principles and ideas are not clear or missing, step them to fill them and to help them shape them. During the creative process, you will have a bad relationship and a new perspective will be born. The philosophical principle (Latin: Principia Philosophia) is a book by René Descartes. Essentially, it is the integration of the first philosophical approach and meditative discourse. Written in Latin, it was published in 1644. It is devoted to Bohemian Elizabeth and has longstanding friendship with Descartes. The French version (Les Principes de la Philosophie) was published in 1647. It explains the principle of nature - the law of physics - as Descartes sees. Most notably, it proposes the principle that the motion of an object is uniform and straight when there is no external force. Newton borrowed this principle from Descartes into his own Principia; to this day it is still known as the Newton's first movement law. This book is primarily intended to replace the course of Aristotle used in the then university of France and the UK. ... Descartes' philosophical principle (1644; philosophical principle). This shows a deep understanding of the Cartesian system. Spinoza generally accepted Descartes 'physics but he rejected Descartes' metaphysics and opposed the three features: the transcendence of God, the spiritual concept of "spiritual substance" is quite different from substance (Mind - body dualism ). Descartes' meditation is the pursuit of 'first principle' of philosophy. In order for the meditator to understand the principles of philosophy, meditators must decide that they believe they are true and they will never be wrong in their own mind . Therefore, Descartes is using "a suspicious method" as "a sensation-oriented picture trying to abandon criticism of the world critical to the meditator". By using the four phases, Descartes' method can not question any more, please quit your senses to make sure that later it was realy .

By speculative rhetoric, the logic in the sense of standard Semeotic is over. But now, we have to check whether there is a semiotic doctrine corresponding to the objective logic of Hegel, that is, there is life in the sign so that the necessary vehicle exists Hmm. Regardless of the ideological problem, regardless of whether development is the development of the same round, or in addition to such repetitive sequences, regardless of whether there is a greater life history, each symbol is a life career I have a history of life history. What is its essence The existence of objective logic - the existence of a consistent structure of objects - Perception is caused by objects, but it is static and irrelevant to perceptual interpretation, there is subjective logic and that is ours Process used to improve the accuracy of the conceptual model by making conceptual models of consistency observed in the environment, and conceptual models more consistent with existing objective consistency. In our environment In his logic George Hegel distinguishes between subjective logic (usually logical) including concepts, judgments, reasoning, but objective logic includes logos, ontologies or metaphysics. Something by ontological reasoning of the Spinoza system. (Lawvere 94), it is alleged that the general structure of topology theory like classification logic and vassals should be considered as a formal embodiment of Hegel 's objective logic. Many of Lawvere's works contain relevant advice. Lawvere, see the mathematics related to philosophy. Before Hegel, this theme (essential doctrine) was not considered part of logic at all. Today, it is often covered by historical and scientific philosophy or research methods. It is called objective logic because it explains the process of unknowingly executing knowledge, as determined by objective laws. In contrast, subjective logic begins with an abstract concept whose central creative concepts are developed and become increasingly more specific theoretical practices such as the history of scientific development; for example, in the Periodic Table of the Elements Chemical science after discovering concept

The phrase "philosophy" is derived from the two roots of "philosophy" and "Sophia." Philo means love, Sofia means wisdom. Therefore, philosophy means love for wisdom. In fact, philosophy requires investigation, pursuit and quest of wisdom. Many great philosophers call philosophy an art of thought. Other people simply define it as a systematic study of human emotions and thoughts. It is worth noting that many fields that have been philosophical so far have been separated into independent fields. Ancient Western philosophy is generally divided into three periods. Initially, all the thoughters before Socrates were called PreSocratics, the second period covered the life of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, and the last period encompassed various developments of philosophy including Stow. Ge School, Epicurean School, Skeptics, Neopra Tonics, Aristotle School. The end of ancient philosophy meant that Christianity had spread in the sixth century, but Socrates before the Greek philosopher was called the former Socratic philosopher or the former Socratic philosopher. They were the first Western philosophers to become active in the 5th and 6th centuries BC. In ancient Greece. These philosophers are able to consistently and comprehensively describe all the natural phenomena and events in human life without resorting to myths of the original principle (arkhöh; ἀρχή; origin or Try to discover the starting point). The phrase "modern philosophy" is a philosophical terminology that refers to a specific period in the history of Western philosophy (ie the philosophy of the 20th century and the 21st century). However, this expression is often compared with modern philosophy (pointing to the early stages of Western philosophy), post modern philosophy (which refers to the criticism of continental philosophers against modern philosophy), and non - technical use of phrases. Recent philosophical work The modern age was a very innovative era in Western philosophy. New spiritual and material theory, new concept of God, new political philosophy, and civil society theory are proposed. This period was from the end of the 15th century to the end of the 18th century (about 1500-1800). Books published by philosophers such as Descartes, Rock, Hume, Spinoza, Leibniz, and Kant will form an understanding of our modern philosophy. The early modern philosophical roots can be traced back to the 1200s - maturity and speculation of academic tradition. The philosophy of Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), Occam (1288-1348) and Brydan (1300-1358) emphasizes the ability of human rationality. With such abilities, we can fully understand secular and sacred things.

In the three departments of the federal government there are three departments: the executive department, the judicial branch, and the legislature. The executive department consists of the president, ministers, and the executive department of the president. The executive branch is known for implementing legislation enacted by the legislature. The US Supreme Court and the Federal Court of Justice are required for judicial organizations. The judiciary must review the laws enforced by enforcement agencies. All three branches of the federal government are concentrated in the region: the US Congress (Congress), the president (management) and the US Supreme Court (justice). There are monuments and museums in many countries in Washington, mostly located in or around the National Mall. The city has 177 foreign embassies and other international organizations, labor unions, nonprofit organizations, lobbying groups, and the Americas Organization, the American Retiree Association, the National Geographic Society, the human rights campaign, the International Finance Corporation and the American Red We have the headquarters of professional association, such as the Cross The US local governments (city / county), state government, and the federal government have three levels of government. Here, I am most concerned about the federal government. Rock, Spinoza, Blackstone and Meng Squee: Many of the concepts can be traced back to the progressive thinkers of the US government, for example in the 17th and 18th centuries. The legislative (parliament), administrative (president) and judicial (Supreme Court): For some of my ideas, the government's US system has three branches. The most important 'Constitution' and the balanced file: one of the three branches of the federal government, with the government, relations with the state The three branches of the US government are legislative, executive and judicial. According to the principle of decentralization, the US Constitution assigns federal government authority to these three branches and establishes a system of checks and balances so that branches are not too strong. In The Federalist, James Madison needs to separate the authorities into a new democratic government that wrote memorably: "A set of all power, legislative, enforcement, and justice, in the same same hand, it Whether there is, some, or many, hereditary, self-appointed or elected, of course, can argue with the definition of tyranny. "

Gentleman, I do not doubt that you will think seriously about me. "This reminds us of the first important concept of making us think about enlightenment, we tend to think of enlightenment as all-or-nothing, some people will understand or some will not understand I consider relative enlightenment, for example if all or not is correct, do not understand, so please do not speak today Today 's all - or - nothing method is correct, which is a serious methodology It may be the above problem, but it may be enlightened like sex.Madness behavior - What happened when you actually experienced sexual behavior! Ours about enlightenment Is everything like a group of virgins of children who are speculating sexual intercourse? Okay, men and girls, ready to enlightenment In this lesson I will introduce enlightenment. what is that? Enlightenment, also known as the age of enlightenment, was an intellectual movement from the late 17th century to the early 18th century, emphasizing reasons, individualism, and skepticism. Enlightenment challenged the traditional religious view. Because that was such a wide movement, enlightenment did not have an accurate start date. It did not pop up, but it gradually developed. Most historians came to the beginning of enlightenment from the middle of the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. The work of intellectuals like Rene Descartes, Barus Spinoza, Isaac Newton is particularly important for enlightenment. In particular, British enlightenment depends on the merit of Sir Isaac Newton whose "principle" shocked the world. His Opticks provided a perfect image of their intelligent enlightenment plan to enlightened thinkers by revealing the nature of the light. As Pope Alexander said, Voltaire is so admiring Newton that his mistress is "Venus - Newton." Newton's physics promises to unleash all the secrets of nature using just reason - do not forget that Newton believes in revelation and reason and writes many comments about the Bible.

En · Light · Ened · Ly · Adverben · Light · Ened · Noun · Light · Ener, Nounen · Light · Enningly, Adverbnon · En · Light · Ened, Adjectivenon · En · Light · en · Ing, Adjective · Light · en, Verb (for objects) pre · en · light · en, verb, noun · en · light · en, verb (for objects) unen en · light · ened, adjective · en · light · en · ing, adjective well · en · light · ened, adjective Okay, men and girls, ready to enlightenment In this lesson I will introduce enlightenment. what is that? Enlightenment, also known as the age of enlightenment, was an intellectual movement from the late 17th century to the early 18th century, emphasizing reasons, individualism, and skepticism. Enlightenment challenged the traditional religious view. Because that was such a wide movement, enlightenment did not have an accurate start date. It did not pop up, but it gradually developed. Most historians came to the beginning of enlightenment from the middle of the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. The work of intellectuals like Rene Descartes, Barus Spinoza, Isaac Newton is particularly important for enlightenment. In particular, British enlightenment depends on the merit of Sir Isaac Newton whose "principle" shocked the world. His Opticks provided a perfect image of their intelligent enlightenment plan to enlightened thinkers by revealing the nature of the light. As Pope Alexander said, Voltaire is so admiring Newton that his mistress is "Venus - Newton." Newton's physics promises to unleash all the secrets of nature using just reason - do not forget that Newton believes in revelation and reason and writes many comments about the Bible. Enlightenment (also known as the age of enlightenment and reason; French: "century of light" leSiècledes Lumières; and German: "enlightenment" Aufklärung) is an intellectual and philosophical movement of the 18th century and is Europe . The world of thought dominates. Enlightenment included a series of ideas that used rationality as the main source of authority and justification, ideas such as freedom, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutionalism, and separation of church and state were proposed. In France, the central principle of lesLumières is personal freedom and religious tolerance to the monarchy and the absolute principle of the Roman Catholic Church. Enlightenment is characterized by emphasizing scientific methods and simplification, and more questions about religious legitimacy - this attitude is captured by Sapere aude.

Metaphysical thought of enlightenment was full of changes in the 18th century. Dryden, Pope, and Johnson ruled literature. Fahrenheit is making his first mercury thermometer. Boston Tea ceremony and the French Revolution occurred. However, some of the most intense changes occur in thinking. Before the 18th century, thoughters such as Locke, Spinoza, Descartes, Hobbes dominated Western thought, people's perception of the world changed. Enlightenment, also known as the age of reason, was the era of the entire 18th century society, religion, and political revolution that changed human thoughts during this "waking up" period. This is the liberation of ignorant thoughts, thoughts and actions, and as these thoughts, thoughts and actions have been separated from ignorance of how to maintain and adhere to society, there is little room for new ideas about the world. Puritan society has discovered that these new ideas are extremely radical in comparison. Do you think about relationships with society? From the 17th century to the 18th century, or during the Enlightenment era, thoughts about social relations and interpersonal relationships began to improve, those who used their voice to claim equality and justice, It was difficult to accept. Idea RenéDescartes (French), Discourse Method, 1637. "... ... according to the law that she has established since the ancient dictatorship of the empire and has not been abolished since ancient times ... all arrogant and disobedient serfs and farmers are arrested and the laws taken to the nearest place The Office should not be punished and should not be punished as a public turmoil of peace 4 Mary · Walstone Craft, advocacy of women's rights in 1792

The enlightenment of the United States was the host of a society that accepts the practice of slavery. Most people think this is a habit; especially in the south the economy will collapse (Davis 1). However, slaves do not cooperate with their slavery, there is a rebellion like the Stornano rebellion of 1739 ('Storono rebellion' apex 1). The treatment of slaves depends on the severity of the owner and the general rules of the area. In the age of enlightenment, so-called "authoritarianism with enlightenment" appeared. In authoritarian form, the rulers were influenced by enlightenment. Strictly speaking, these "enlightened" rulers are different from the sacred right of the king, as the former accepted the basic principles of enlightenment such as reasons and humanitarianism. For example, it is said that Joseph II of the Holy Roman Empire (1765 - 1790) completely accepted the concept of social contract. Frederick the Great of Prussia (control number 1740-1786) also allowed slavery, but kept the ideal of enlightenment. In Russia of the 19th century, Alexander II adopted the thought of enlightened and released serfs. In the end, even the enlightened authoritarianism is destined to be replaced in the historical process. Okay, men and girls, ready to enlightenment In this lesson I will introduce enlightenment. what is that? Enlightenment, sometimes called the era of enlightenment, was an intellectual movement from the late 17th century to the early 18th century, emphasizing reasons, individualism, and skepticism. Enlightenment challenged the traditional religious view. Because that was such a wide movement, enlightenment did not have an accurate start date. It did not pop up, but it gradually developed. Most historians came to the beginning of enlightenment from the mid 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. The work of intellectuals like Rene Descartes, Barus Spinoza, Isaac Newton is particularly important for the creation of enlightenment.

In the nineteenth century, the popular philosophy - especially Hegel 's dialectic - declared that humans are moving upwards and becoming more angels. Support of democracy and equal rights started to spread, so human moral law has advanced. However, Friedrich Nietzsche believes that humanity is moving towards a vicious circle of complete decadence. Indeed, modern people with "advanced" morality are corrupt in their minds. Moral assertion only obscures the collapse of contemporary people: Is he hiding behind a moral formula and a decent concept? Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) abandoned the foolish view of history to the ideal state and state, but he explicitly borrowed many of his right-wing Hegel values ​​and reassessed all values did. From there we took the moral premise of Christianity. Photo Nietzsche is the moral division of the master between good and evil (promoting or not disturbing Master's motivation) and the difference between the slaves of good and evil (the master of power-oriented goals and slaves, superiority Only) and clearly distinguish it. Status to prove) Nietzsche's view on morality is far less known than some of his amazing coins: immorality, superhumanity, master's morality, morality of slavery, transcendence of good and evil, motivation, all values Re-evaluation of the philosophy by hammer. These really belong to his important concept, but they can only be understood correctly in the context. Plato's thought and shape, God of Spinoza, Berkeley's thought, and Kant's intuition are generally not the same philosophical terms, but few think that they are doing it. But for Nietzsche, this error is common - not to mention that other philosophers (if any) are equal to the brilliance and clues of his expression (if any). His words heard once will never be forgotten; they stand up and do not need background support; so they live irrespective of their father's intentions.

Max Weber is one of the founders of sociology. In his most famous work "The spirit of Protestant ethics and capitalism," he claims that capitalist seed belongs to Protestant occupational ethics. But Weber was also an economist and saw the distinctive features of advanced capitalism in extensive division of labor and hierarchical management like the political bureaucracy just as it did in Germany before the First World War . Both of these features combine to create a new middle class whose position is dependent on human capital rather than physical capital and labor. However, in advanced capitalism, Weber believes that companies and entrepreneurs are at risk of the source of great progress (see entrepreneurial spirit). Weber accepted criticism of Ludwig von Mises' socialist economic plan and joined his own argument. Under the socialist system he believes that workers will still work hierarchically, but I believe that this hierarchy will be integrated with the government. He foresaw the dictatorship of the officials, not the dictatorship of the workers. Like David Hume in front of him, Weber believes in the possibility of social science without value. Therefore, what he means is that people can not find a way that the world should be simple by studying the world. Weber does not exclude that the normative analysis is viable or worth - he believes in a reasonable argument of value - he just wants an economist to distinguish between facts and values Born in Germany, Weber studied law in France and continued his postgraduate work at a medieval trading company in Italy and Spain. He was appointed Chairman of the political economy of Freiburg in 1894 and was appointed another Chairman of Heidelberg's political economy in 1896. He suffered a spiritual collapse in 1898 and did not continue his studies until 1904. He is a private scholar mainly in Heidelberg since 1904. Max Weber was born on April 21, 1864. His father, Max Weber Sr, is a politically active lawyer who prefers "world pleasure" and his mother Helene Fallenstein Weber wants a more abusive life. It is a way. The conflict arising in their marriage had a great influence on Max. Nevertheless, their houses are filled with excellent intellectuals and lively words. In the process of growing, he was tired of school and despised the teacher, but he himself swallowed classical literature. Born on 21 April 1864 in Erfurt, Thuringia, Max Weber was the eldest son of Max Weber and Helenfalenstein Weber. Max Weber was suffering from meningitis at the age of 4 and he read as his past time and developed his academic ability as a young man (Secher 1980). Max Weber majored in law in 1882 at the University of Heidelberg. However, as a military officer volunteered to participate in military training, his education was interrupted. In 1884 he retrained in 1890 and graduated (Secher 1980). He was a professor of economics at the University of Freiburg in 1894. After he married Mariannechniker for one year, Marianschnigger was a senior prostitute of Max Weber. Ironically, Weber suffered from long-term psychosis and declined work during the 1897 career peak (Gerth & Mill 1982). Max Weber, Junior Born in 1864 Germany, Erfurt. He is Max Weber, Senior. The biggest of eight children born with Helene Fallenstein Weber. Max Junior is a sick child. At the age of 4, he was suffering from meningitis. Although he finally recovered, due to the rest of his life he suffered from physical and emotional sequelae of illness, most notably anxiety and nervous tension. From a very young age, books are at the heart of Weber's life. He read everything he can get, including Kant, Machiavelli, Spinoza, Goethe and Chopin Howell, who wrote two historical articles before his 14th birthday. However, Weber pays little attention in the lesson, and there are few jobs to go to school. According to his legacy Marian, "His teachers are not civilized, but he does not respect them."

After a beloved person died in a traffic accident, the roadside monument often appears beside the street and the highway. The grave represents the last place where the body is placed and the roadside monument represents the last place the person lives in. Monuments are usually kept by flowers, information, families decorated with crosses or plaques, and close friends. However, these families tend to be controversial and they believe that they remember the moral authority of their loved ones against all government regulations. I have a monument on the roadside and I am riding a bicycle several times a week on the mountain in Auckland. I do not know what happened there, or who is the picture attached to it, not children. I have never seen anyone there, but it often has flowers from where the newly colored strings hang. I am always waving. I do not know if there is a physical body, but it is absurd to think about souls and ghosts. Clearly some people are still concerned so I shook, and remember, my waves are also the same I wonder about the things and places that are always fallen and devastated. Something that left the past news. I was fascinated by a cemetery and a monument beside the road. The declining beauty of aging signs, strippability, wooden buildings has been abandoned and desolated beyond the heyday. Spring is not my job. In the adolescent period, there are fallen leaves, golden and brown delight. As a photographer, I have an unforgivable charm of capturing images of forgotten themes and lonely themes. This is a catalog of images I took in the past 10 years. On July 1, 2005, the first two memorial halls were held. Outside the city of Greenwood and Tutwiler, the blue roadside markers are 30 miles away. This opportunity is the dedication of the 30 miles long 49E Expressway, "Emettil Memorial Expressway". This may be an iconic gesture, but brings memories that I have never seen before to Emmett Till. It is the material presence of the scenery of the Mississippi Delta. Intentional destruction is very fast. By June 2006, the Greenwood logo was drawn with the letter "KKK". In October 2007, Carolyn Webb residing in Sumner discovered that Sammy Joe Spinoza is preparing to peel off a newly thrown sign from the sidewalk of Sumner Town Square. One year later, in October 2008, Kevin Wilson was recently stolen by bullets. The tire suddenly stepped into the bank of the river from the aluminum pillar of the sky, and Tarahacze County Sheriff William Brewer guessed that the sign is now at the bottom of the river.

Some people think that talent and a successful attitude are necessary to make your efforts a success, but winning an attitude means that there are many people who lack decisions. As seen at marketforthesoul.org, "a true leader is an ordinary person with an abnormal determination" is an important element in the overall success or failure of a person's efforts. Unfortunately for most people decisions are not easy. To really make up your mind, you must first give your passion to what they are doing. Dhruva: First of all, you need to define determinism. Determinism is a philosophical theory that all events, including moral choices, are completely determined for existing reasons. Determinism is usually understood as the exclusion of free will. Because it demands that humans do not act in their way. The theory argues that the universe is perfectly reasonable, as complete knowledge of any particular situation can ensure that unmistakable understanding of its future is possible. Think about what you think that determinism is true. This does not mean that we have chosen determinism rationally for cautious but means to think determinism is the truth; it is because you decided to do so. But if so, what is the reason why someone should argue for determinism? If their beliefs about deterministic truths were determined, what does it mean to try to convince someone else's determinism? The determinism is either true or not. If the certainty is true, my choice will eventually be caused by events and conditions that I can not control, so I am not their first reason ... so I am neither free nor responsible. If the determinism is false, what happens in me (I call "my choice" or "my decision") may be the first event in a causal chain leading to a series of body movements I call it "It is my behavior". However, this event is not determined by causality, so whether it happens is a matter of chance or luck. Whether it happened is irrelevant to me; it is not within my control, but under the control of my involuntary knee. So, if determinism is wrong, I am not the first reason or the ultimate source of my choice ... I am neither free nor responsible Determinism is a philosophical proposition that all events, including human recognition, decisions, and behavior, are determined by a series of pre-occurrence events. I believe nothing has been decided yet. The main result of the deterministic argument is that it challenges the existence of free will. The question of free will is whether a rational agent can control his or her behavior and decisions. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to understand the relation between freedom and causal relationship and judge whether there is causality certainty in natural law. Some philosophers known as incompatible people believe that determinism and free will are mutually exclusive. If they believe determinism, they will believe that free will is a fantasy, a position called a difficult determinism. Supporters include Baruch Spinoza and Ted Honderich

Tolerance, Liberalism, and Community Digest: The principle of tolerance and tolerance limits the use of power by following the opposite religious and moral values ​​of lifestyle that is as tolerant as possible. Socialism insight, that is, moral thinking is always rooted in the concept of social self-goodness, but I think that this does not impair freedom and tolerance. There is no lifestyle built into our self-concepts that is so heavy that a free and neutral is hindered at the level of reflection and a meticulous attention is paid. It is now widely accepted that the principle of forgiveness and the principle of tolerance require a dialogue between liberal and non-free communities to solve conflicts. But for two reasons, dialogue is an inappropriate solution. The first is that it raises the question of the right to participate in the dialogue. Secondly, if the community infringes seriously the rights of its member states, free nations should enforce these rights. The value of anti-imperialists can not be promoted rationally to protect tyranny. Most liberalists place importance on individual autonomy and cultural pluralism. However, individuals may choose a culture that is not free. A liberal state can intervene in a non-free community to maintain peace among different community concepts, for individual rights, or to tolerate partial non-free pluralism. To promote the development of freedom, liberal also promotes concepts like pluralism and tolerance. Through pluralism, liberal refers to the spread of opinions and beliefs characterized by a stable social order. Unlike many competitors and predecessors, liberal does not seek consistency and homogeneity in people's way of thinking. In fact, their efforts were to coordinate and minimize conflicting views, yet to establish a regulatory framework that allows them to exist and prosper. Due to the liberal philosophy, pluralism can easily be tolerated. Liberals think that individuals have different opinions, so they should respect and respect each other 's disagreement. From a liberal point of view, tolerance was originally related to religious tolerance and Barus Spinoza condemned "stupidity of religious persecution and ideological warfare". We often hear sarcastic phrases like "free tolerance", which indicates that liberal is not really tolerant. But this refutation does not explain what liberals should accept or how to practice acceptance. People using this expression already remember certain details such as "liberals can not tolerate my recognition of sexual orientation." If sentences are spoken, this is simply omitted. What happens next is a grammatical trick. They rely on infinite meaning to drown the true meaning of their sentences in overly generalized word games, and "liberalists" are everything, including intolerance of race and sexual orientation It seemed to imply that it should be tolerated. When Infography insisted that Popper's solution was a paradox, it showed that the words "tolerance" and "intolerance" are used indefinitely. However, we have never used tolerance in an infinite sense.

History essay Do you think that Ben Franklin and other thinkers of enlightenment think that humans are basically good? With the scientific revolution, people will find laws that influence human behavior. The idea of ​​scientific revolution opened the way to a new era, also called enlightenment. This era occurred in the 18th century. This is a philosophical movement that emphasizes the pursuit of intelligent knowledge and refuses to accept ideas by the power of religion and tradition alone. Enlightenment thinkers oppose superstition. An enlighten thinker cooperated with the enlightened tyrant, the enlightened ruler of the absolute, who tried to force some new ideas about the government to be carried out. Enlightenment has great influence on European culture, politics and government. Beginning in the 17th century, it was a philosopher Francis Bacon (1562-1626), Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677), John Rock (1632-1704), Pierre Vail (1647-1706), Voltaire (1694-1778) It was started by. , Francis Hutchin, (1694-1746), David Hume (1711-1776) and physicist Isaac Newton (1643-1727). The prince often supports and develops these figures, and even attempts to apply their government concepts to so-called enlightened absoluteism. The scientific revolution is closely related to enlightenment, as its discovery reverses many traditional concepts and introduces a new view of the state of nature and humanity. The first generation of the thinker of enlightenment was British scientist Isaac Newton (1642-1727), political philosopher John Rock (1632-1704), and French thinker Voltaire (1694-1778). In the 17th century, the great achievement of modern science has changed human life and the world view. Newton's natural philosophy has deciphered the mystery of nature. In 1687, Newton published a famous book "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy". In this book, he provided a lot of mathematical evidence on the law of universal gravity. He discovered the universal law explaining the physical phenomenon and offered a clear and definitive answer to social world problems (Outram, D). Newton is considered one of the most influential scientists. He encourages everyone to observe the world and to know. Equally importantly, Newton shows that scientific ideas and methods can be applied to the development of science, not for a while - to open the path for enlightenment thinkers of many generations. (Henry, J. 2004) Human society: politics, religion, economy and culture. Enlightenment thinkers want to try many traditional ideas and want to use the same Newton method to find rules governing human behavior. In this way, enlightenment thinkers wish to build a better world using scientific ideas. We believe that building a free market can promote harmony and progress. Pursue self-interest of reason. Try to show how interference manufacturing, trade, wages, benefits and economic growth are related

Slaughterhouse-Five is author Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. As a result of accepting the explosion in Dresden, 100,000 Germans, most of them civilians died and one of the most beautiful cities in Europe was destroyed. He did this through a story of a Billy pilgrim who is a fictitious person who occasionally intersects Vonnegut by explaining his war experiences. Different characters experience war and death in different ways. In the first chapter, Vonegut reconnected with the old comrades (Bernard O'Hare) and his wife Mary was angry with Vonegut. She is afraid that he draws war as a competition between heroes rather than real competition, massacre of young people. The protagonist Billy Pilgrim was an assistant to the pastor, sent to the battle of Bulge in 1944 and eventually captured by the Germans. The slaughterhouses, who killed animals in Dresden, eventually protected Billy and other people, but it turned out that many other shelters collapsed and killed insiders. Later, Billy's wife Valencia was sucked into carbon monoxide while driving to meet her husband, and her husband died almost in an airplane accident in Vermont. Edgar Derby was a middle-aged teacher who took care of Billy at the prison camp and was executed for stealing a teapot at the end of the war. Paul Lazzaro claims to retaliate against Weary's death (Weary condemns pilgrims) and pledges to kill pilgrims in the future However, this novel is not demonic in terms of the execution of war and violence. In fact, it proposes the philosophy of the two deaths which are eventually intertwined. The first one uses the phrase "This is such" to mean that death is part of life - this is useless. The second is the view of life of "Four Dimension" of Tralfama Dorian, and the fourth is time. Because Tralfamadorians considers all the moments (and literature) to be simultaneous, people can move between the moment of life and death - can be "released" in time. This encouraged the novel to accept death as part of his life. Slaughterhouse-Five is an exciting sci-fi novel with plenty of interesting themes such as space-time journey, philosophy of death, war, and aliens. In the novel "Slaughterhouse Five", the hero Billy Pilgrim is not in the first chapter. Kurt Vonnegut of this book is the hero of this chapter (Harris). As Billy Pilgrim lived his life like this the books were written in a fairly random order. - The theme of the slaughter house - Although five historical writers have made great success in writing science fiction, eventually only a handful of artists like Kurt Vonnegut's slaughterhouse - five people I endure it. Slaughterhouse-Five was a personal novel using Vonnegut's experience as a scout of World War II, was arrested and became a prisoner of witness, and witnessed the death of Dresden in February 1945. Stone (largest artificial massacre) history of fire fire) Slaughterhouse - Five 's Kurt Vonnegut says that there is no legitimate reason for war, as innocent living is always being compromised. There are three themes in this article: destructibility of war, fantasy of free will, and inevitable death. The destructive nature of war on the story, the background of Dresden and Trafalm Mador. The former is hell on earth, the latter is heaven. After the atomic bombing in Dresden, after the soldiers left the slaughterhouse, Dresden was destroyed. - Baruch Spinoza once said that "experience is not just for reasons but they think that they understand their behavior and think that they are free because they unconsciously decided the reasons for these actions "I said. It is the result of our fate to compare our lives and our thoughts; the concept of free will known by humans is only to understand the situation.

RenéDescartes (1596-1650) is a French mathematician, a scientific thinker, and a philosopher, an important contribution to mathematics, optics, epistemology and other fields that help shape the perception of the nature and humanity of the modern world I did it. I thought. He is the son of a lawyer educated at La Freche Jesuit College and Poitiers. He became a soldier and worked for Orange Prince Morris and Bayern Maximilian I army. He wrote many books in Latin and French. What is shown here is the first edition of his Principia philosophy (philosophical principle) published in Amsterdam in 1644 by a Dutch printer and book seller Louis Elzevir. This book is an ambitious attempt by Descartes to present the whole ideology in the form of textbooks on substance essence, essence of mind, God's creation and the beginning of the universe. This book is divided into four parts. In the first part we deal with metaphysics and sources of matters such as cognition, human knowledge and understanding, and complete and full knowledge of God and human mistakes (knowledge and morality). In the second part, we introduce the theory of physics general principles and kinetic laws. The third part is devoted to astronomical phenomena. In Part 4 I will explain the nature of minerals, metals, magnets and other natural phenomena and their understanding of their sensations. This book is bound to Specimina philosophiae, another work of Descartes, especially the second work, French to Latin translation, which corrects his 1637 discourse deraméthode (Discourse Method). Descartes' philosophical principle also presents his most extensive discussion about motor phenomena defined as "movement of a substance or an object from an adjacent object of an adjacent object to an adjacent object of another adjacent object" (Pr II 25) Descartes attempts to distinguish the concept of his "appropriate" movement as a "common" or "vulgar" movement concept, ie internal change, as the "neighbor" of the adjacent body (Pr II 10-15, 24-28). The surface (boundary with the container) of these accommodating bodies is also called "outer position" of the accommodating body. As Descartes considers passengers to be resting against various parts of the ship rather than being stationary relative to the ship, the concept of vulgar movements may cause the body to become more numerous (probably contradictory ) To participate in the movement at the same time. It is part of it. Shore (Pr II 24) In 1644, Descartes published "Philosophical Principles" that summarized his physics and metaphysics. He dedicated this work to Elizabeth Stewart who developed him and his moral philosophy, Princess Elizabeth (1618-79), the daughter of the Queen of Bohemia. Descartes is a combination of Descartes' philosophical principle (1644; philosophical principle) that shows a deep understanding of the Cartesian system. Spinoza generally accepted Descartes 'physics but he rejected Descartes' metaphysics and opposed the three features: the transcendence of God, the spiritual concept of "spiritual substance" is quite different from substance (Mind - body dualism ).

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) is a sad genius trying to lead a happy life. He is fascinated by history, language and philosophy and is very happy with the children He trying to improve the situation in our world seriously becomes a religious student. He mastered Latin and Greek, thought about the great philosopher, and suddenly was born - he became a mix of Lucretius, Prini, Hume, Rock, Dolbach, Bacon, Voltaire, Spinoza, Franklin, Pain and the Master It was. The idea of ​​the body and other giants is integrated in his shimmering heart. August 4, 1792 - Year of fear of France - Percy Bysshe Shelley (his grandfather's "Bysshe", a member of the same field) is the son of Timothy and Elizabeth Shelley. As brothers, John and the four sisters Elizabeth, Mary, Margaret, and Helen's eldest son, Percy, not only inherited the great estate of his grandfather, but lined up to sit on Congress one day. As the oldest boy, a young Persie is their love and longing for his sister, his parents, even his early dominant servants, and a family house near Horsham in Sussex. Young lord of the field. He was full of fun and imagination, designed a game to play with the sisters, and told the ghost stories to joy and joyful crowds. Percy Bysshe Shelley was born on Field Place on August 4, 1792. His ancestors began to be Sussex aristocrats from the beginning of the 17th century. His grandfather, Sir Byshe Shelly, made himself the most rich man in Horsham, and his father, Timothy Sherry, was a calm traditional parliamentarian. Percy Bysshe Shelly was sent to Eton for education and continued his studies at Oxford. At that time he released two spy stories and poems. In Oxford in autumn of 1810, Shelley and his best friend, Thomas Jefferson Hogg, created a booklet on the necessity of atheism and claimed that the existence of God can not prove to be the reason for experience. Sherry refused to reject the file, so Sherry and T. J. Hogg were rejected. The incident opened a violation between Sherry and his father, and his father interrupted all his relations with his son. He went to London Mary Sherry, born in London in 1797, was the daughter of famous radical artists William Godwin and Mary Worth Craft. In 1814, as soon as she met, she fell in love with Percy Bysshe Shelly who was not known at the time. In December 1816 when Shelly 's first wife committed suicide, Mary married Percy. Since she lived in Italy from 1818 to 1822 when she drowned, Mary returned to London as a professional novel, story, and essayist and died in 1851. Charlotte Gordon's previous publications include romantic Water Margin: Mary's extraordinary life Wollstonecraft and her daughter Mary Shelley (2015), B actress Bradstreet: First American Poet's Unknown Story (2005). A woman named God: Abraham's dilemma and the birth of three faiths (2009). The romantic Water Margin received the 2016 National Book Critics Biography Award. Currently she is an excellent humanistic professor at Endicott College.

In the Federal government article of the United States, we are investigating three government departments under the Constitution, the Executive, Legislative and Justice Departments. Research papers on the Federal Government are not written exclusively for political science courses. Because the federal government covers almost all aspects of American life, students realize that they need to customize US Federal government research papers written for many other courses . The Paper Master can help you start talking about the US federal government or you can customize your research project for you. The Federal Government of the United States is the entire organization of three government agencies outlined in the Constitution. The first part of the legislation, the legislation, the two branches of Congress, have the right to write laws and pay taxes. The judiciary is a division that determines whether the law is constitutional and is clearly represented by the Supreme Court. The executive department, which looks like President, is actually the largest of the three branches. The law was introduced at one of the two meetings, passed by the committee and discussed before before (or not) passed. Congress is also responsible for overseeing the largest parliamentary library in the United States. The judicial system includes not only the Supreme Court of the United States but also the federal court system which hear most of the lawsuits of the system. The US Bankruptcy Court, the US Court of Appeals and the US District Court are part of the judiciary. The administration includes not only the president but also all Cabinet offices and institutions such as CIA, EPA, FTC and FDIC. Therefore, it is the largest branch of the federal government. The Federal Government (the US federal government) is the central government of the United States and the Federal Republic of North America and consists of 50 states, one federal district, five major autonomous regions, and several island real estate . The federal government is composed of three departments: legislative, administrative and justice, whose authority is conferred by the US Constitution, the Congress, the President, and the Federal Court. The powers and obligations of these branches are further defined by Congressional actions, including the establishment of lower administrative departments and courts than the Supreme Court. The US constitution is the highest law of the land of America. It creates a federal government system where power is shared between the federal government and the state government. Because of federalism, the federal government and state governments have their own trial system. Please click here for the difference between the structure of both systems, judicial choice, and incidents. State courts are set out in the constitutions and laws of each province. The last court, often called the Supreme Court, is usually the Supreme Court. In some provinces, there is a middle court of appeal. The courts under these appellate courts are state courts. Some are called the Circuit Court or the District Court. The US local governments (city / county), state government, and the federal government have three levels of government. Here we pay maximum attention to the federal government. Many of the concepts of the U.S. Government date back to the progressive thinkers of the 17th and 18th centuries, such as Locke, Spinoza, Blackstone, Montesquieu. For some of their thoughts, the US government system has three branches: the legislature (parliament), the executive branch (president), and the justice (the Supreme Court). The most important constitution is the document on checks and equilibrium, which is the relationship between the three branches of the federal government and the government, state, and country.

Women's role in society According to Friedrich Nietzsche, Albert Camus, Lech Tolstoy, I am beautiful and mysterious. I am satisfied with the simple pleasures of my life. I have no desire beyond appearance and beauty. I am very smart, but I do not need to show wisdom. In fact, showing my wisdom will ruin me; it will reduce my sexual desire and despise my beauty. My wisdom will destroy my wish. I am full of fear. It is this fear that it determines my femininity; this fear helps me complete my woman's role. Frankel quotes or quotes experienced philosophers, writers and painters of MSFM, such as Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Baruch Spinoza, Ge. Tesod Lessing, Fedor Dostoevsky, Man of Albrecht, Leo Tolstoy, Thomas Mann, Friedrich Nietzsche, Rainer Maria Rilke and Albert Camus. We assign each student the master Frankl references in MSFM. Let each student learn the concept of the meaning of life by thinkers and artists. Ask the students to write research papers on the selected characters or to discuss the meaning of life from the perspective of the designated individual. Mock interviews with each author and students become actors Women's role in society According to Friedrich Nietzsche, Albert Camus, Lech Tolstoy, I am beautiful and mysterious. I am satisfied with the simple pleasures of my life. I have no desire beyond appearance and beauty. I am very smart, but I do not need to show wisdom. In fact, showing my wisdom will ruin me; it will reduce my sexual desire and despise my beauty. My wisdom will destroy my wish. I am full of fear. - Why people try to tempt someone sexually. Lev Tolstoy once said, "In my opinion, love is like a heart if there are as many hearts and hearts as possible." I impressed her with exciting words or his poetic words Existentialism originates in the philosophers SørenKierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche of the 19th century, but they are not used in their work. French existentialists such as Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus (1913 - 1960), Simone de Beauvoir (1908 - 1986) from the 1940's to the 1950's included academic and imaginary works I wrote. Promote the existence of themes such as fear, boredom, alienation, absurdity, freedom, dedication, meaninglessness. Unlike René Descartes where belief is a top priority, existentialists are "thrown" into a concrete and incomplete universe that human beings can not "think", so existence ("in the world") exists We insist that it leads to consciousness. It is the ultimate reality. Therefore, contrary to the traditional Greek philosophy of ancient Greeks, it exists essentially before existence (essentially possible for the meaning of life). As Sartre said, "At first there was nothing.

Margaret Walker 's love song for Alex is a homage to the poet' s husband and reflects the beauty of their relationship. This poem first writes Walker's husband's explanation, gradually forming their relationship and ending with praise. Therefore, Walker brings passion and happiness to her and her husband's love, and also determines the time comfort in their relationship. Through metaphor, altering the tense of pronouns, and creating images, Margaret Walker not only defines husband attributes but also shows the intimacy of Alex's love songs. Walker, Margaret (Margaret Abigail Walker, Margaret Walker Alexander) (1915-1998) Poet, novelist, essayist, biographer, educator, famous writer Margaret Walker appeared after the Renaissance era, before the black art movement, It appeared as an eloquent and influential voice in the literature of the American and African American. His sonnets, folk songs and free verses celebrate the rich history, spirituality and folk tradition of African Americans, showing passionate devotion to racial equality and civil rights. Born in Birmingham, Alabama on July 7, 1915, Margaret Abigail Walker was the daughter of Sigismund Walker, a pastor of Methodism who emigrated from Jamaica to Buffalo Bay. Music teacher Marion Walker. From her parents, Walker received early encouragement with academic and literary goals. Margaret Walker, a poet and novelist, was born in Birmingham, Alabama on July 7, 1915, born in Sigismundt C Walker and Marion de Jill Walker. When Walker was a child, the family moved to New Orleans. Walker's father was born in a pastor of Methodist in Jamaica near Buffalo Bay and is a scholar who loves his literature - classical, Bible, Benedict · Spinoza, Arthur Skopenhua, British classics and verses - a gift to his daughter It was. Likewise, Walker's musician's mother played a ragtime like Paul Laurence Dunbar, John Greenleaf Whittier's "Big Snow", Bible and Shakespeare, and read a poem for her . At the age of 11, Walker began reading the poems of Langston Hughes and Karen Karen. Her grandmother Elvira Ware Dozier living with her family talks about Walker, including stories of her own mother who was former slave in Georgia. She encountered Hughes in 1932 and encouraged him to keep writing poetry. In 1942, Margaret Walker received Yale University Yata series award for her poem "For My People". This achievement marks the beginning of Margaret Walker's literary career from the end of the Harlem Renaissance in the 1930s to the tip of the Black Art movement in the 1960s (Gates and Mackay 1619). Through the novels and poetry, Walker became an excellent spokesman for the African American community. Her writings, especially her famous novel "Year of the Jubilee", make readers recognize her ethnic predicament by calculating the African-American struggle from before the civil war to the present, and finally We made it related to modern American society. .

Two years after Descartes' meditation on the first philosophy, Princess Elizabeth in Bohemia wrote about the relationship between the unimportant soul and the body - especially how nonphysical things produced the physical effect. She is neither the first nor the last to cast doubt on the practical application of Descartes dualism but her doubt led to the most comprehensive attempt to answer this question. In this article, I study Descartes' discussion on the physical and mental differences, outlines Elizabeth's objections and suggested solutions, and that Descartes's response to Elizabeth is not enough to solve believe Even in studies of mind philosophy, cognitive science, neuroscience, etc., we use Descartes' heart and body dualism as a foil. This usage is rooted in the criticism advocated by Princess Bohemian Elizabeth (1618 - 1680). She believes that when Descartes considers the real distinction between physique and body, they believe that causal interaction is impossible. After all, causal interaction can be achieved through contact; things like the body touch each other through their surface. But unless they spread, the heart can not have a surface, so the body can not touch the heart, and vice versa. Make an agenda for discussion of thought and body relationship after that. Descartes believes that thinking and body are different "substances". He believes that the body spreads in space and can not be thought of as a substance that you can feel or think about; on the contrary, thinking is an unthinkable, unthinkable, and undetectable substance. However, it is not easy to understand how they can cause and influence when thoughts and bodies are substances of completely different origin. Princess Elizabeth in Bohemia strongly emphasized him with a letter of 1643: In 1644, Descartes published "principles of philosophy" that summarized his physics and metaphysics. He dedicated this work to Elizabeth Stewart who developed him and his moral philosophy, Princess Elizabeth (1618-79), the daughter of the Queen of Bohemia. According to Descartes, human beings is a combination of Descartes' philosophical principle (1644; philosophical principle) and shows a deep understanding of the Cartesian system. Spinoza generally accepted Descartes 'physics but he rejected Descartes' metaphysics and opposed the three features. Descartes believes that not only can the body be independent of the mind, it can exist even independently. This argument is based on an analysis of the reasons of his physical concept. He thought of four possible reasons: his thoughts, other thoughts, gods or bodies. Well, this idea shows what you can extend to him. Obviously, if the essence of his thought is the cause of thinking, that idea reverses its reasons - since thought is not extended. The same analysis applies to any other heart and god. People believe that what is expressed by this idea is expanded, and such ideas are clear and clear and, unless the things (reasons) that it represents are extended, God gives deceivers Will be. But God is not a fraudster (established with the third and fourth meditation). Therefore, impulses are reliable

Energy is known for its long tradition and thought to be part of Japanese culture, but due to their cast, medieval Japanese rhythm of the 14th and 16th centuries, most of today Japanese people do not like this drama. . Modern Japanese users do not understand and they lack penetration into the entertainment community. However, by understanding dramatic plots such as Ise-Monogatari, Genji Monogatari, Heike Monogatari, you can gain enjoyment and gratitude performance as an intermediary between God and man (Handout 14). . Enlightenment (or called enlightenment or rational period) is a traditional intellectual movement that began in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, emphasizing reasons and individualism rather than tradition. Its purpose is to reform the usage of reason in that area based on experimental thinking of rehearsals and beliefs, and advanced vision to transcend logical methods. It promotes logical beliefs, skepticism and intellectual communication. It challenges superstition and intolerance and is the most popular goal of the Catholic Church. Okay, men and girls, ready to enlightenment In this lesson I will introduce enlightenment. what is that? Enlightenment, sometimes called the era of enlightenment, was an intellectual movement from the late 17th century to the early 18th century, emphasizing reasons, individualism, and skepticism. Enlightenment challenged the traditional religious view. Because that was such a wide movement, enlightenment did not have an accurate start date. It did not pop up, but it gradually developed. Most historians came to the beginning of enlightenment from the mid 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. The work of intellectuals like Rene Descartes, Barus Spinoza, Isaac Newton is particularly important for the creation of enlightenment. Another important moment in the development of Western culture is enlightenment. Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that took place from the end of the 17th century to the beginning of the 19th century. Enlightenment emphasized the contents of reason, science and skepticism. The attitude and values ​​we have today are mainly products of enlightenment. In particular, Thomas Jefferson was deeply influenced by Enlightenmentism, the ideal of the Enlightenment the foundation of the American government.

The existence of God is a controversial philosophical argument, and since the 'Enlightenment' era philosophers have been mystified. However, many of the various discussions presented and analyzed do not fully prove the existence of God. In order to move forward, we need to study the argument of failure in order not to repeat the failure. One of the arguments is an ontological argument. This discussion was first recorded by St. Anslem (1033-1109). Descartes adapted to this argument with his fifth meditation of "Contemplation of First Philosophy". First of all whenever thinking about a triangle, he decided that there must be certain attributes to make that shape a triangle. Criticism of the ontological argument began with Gauniro at the same time as St. Anselm. Perhaps the most famous criticism of ontological debate is due to Emmanuel Kant in his criticism of pure reason. Most notably, Kant argues that ontological arguments are at risk by implicit assumptions that "existence" is a predicate. But as Bertrand Russell said, it is easy to be confident that ontological arguments are less accurate than what they are doing. This will help explain why ontological discussions have captivated philosophers for nearly 1000 years. Some recent discussions on ontological arguments were placed on more weathering of discussion about God 's existence. Thus, for example, ontological arguments have been widely discussed in Everitt 2004, Sobel 2004, and Oppy 2006. The study of ontological theory by Sobel is typical. He provides a chapter on "classical ontological argument": criticisms of Anselm, Descartes, Spinoza and Kant's ontological argument; chapters on "Modern modal ontology argument": Hartshorne, Malcolm and Plantinga ; There is also a chapter on Gödel's ontological argument. His analysis is very cautious and uses many tools for modern philosophical logic. Ontological discussion is a philosophical argument on the existence of God using ontology. Many discussions are categorized into ontology categories and they tend to include discussion about the state or existence of the existence. More specifically, ontological discussions tend to begin with the a priori theory of cosmic organizations. If the organizational structure is true, that argument will provide reasons why God must exist. The first ontological argument in the West Christian tradition was proposed by Canterbury's national anthem in his 1078 Proslogion. Anselm defines God as "there is nothing more to think" and believes that this existence must exist in the mind even in the minds of those who deny the existence of God. He suggested that if there is the greatest possible presence in the heart, it must also exist in reality. If it exists only in the mind, a larger presence must be possible - the existence that exists in the thought and the reality

... Ontology's position is "the first philosophy" - the most fundamental philosophical discipline. According to Levinas, the ontology intrinsically tries to create a whole where different things and "other" are inevitably returned to the identity and identity. According to Levinas, the desire for this whole is a basic form of expression. The contemplation of the first philosophy is representative of his idea. "First philosophy" simply means the first thing to do in philosophy. The most important point as a philosopher of Descartes is that the "first philosophy" has changed due to what he did. Aristotle became the first in philosophy since becoming metaphysical. Therefore, the first question the philosophy has to answer is the truth. That is decided, we can do all the other things. Through this arrangement, we can say that philosophy cooperates with the priority of ontology. In meditation, I understood that the problem of knowledge stands out. If there are problems with the problems we know, we may not even know what is true. However, if knowledge issues have to be resolved first, this establishes philosophical epistemological priorities. In fact, this led to the emergence of epistemology and epistemology, which was the first time as an independent field of philosophy. Experienceism is experience René Descartes, often referred to as the father of modern philosophy, suggests that philosophy should start with a fundamental suspicion about the possibility of obtaining reliable knowledge. In 1641, in the meditation of the first philosophy, he attempted to determine something with the most certain knowledge using this suspicious method. He chose Cogito ergo sum ("I think so, so I am") of a famous statement as the basis of his philosophy. Then he tried to rebuild the body of knowledge based on what he was thought to be without doubt. This includes proving the existence of God, using other methods, using the form of ontological argument). Descartes' method is called rationalism and fascinates philosophers like Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Leibniz, Christian Wolff.

"Politics is a strong and boring board.I have both passion and foresight.Of course all historical experience supports facts.Target is not only a leader but also a hero very calm It must be a leader in a sense. Even people who are neither leaders nor heroes have to arm themselves with a firm mind, even if all the expectations for courage have collapsed. This is now necessary, otherwise people will not be able to achieve what can be achieved today. " "There is neither a spiritual expert nor an inner perception scholar.This invalid imagination has reached an unprecedented level of civilization" "The world may only have such a small gear someday, a little man clings to a small job and strives for great work - like the Egyptian record, this situation is seen again, The present administrative system, especially its descendents, plays an increasingly important role in the spirit of students This passion for bureaucracy is enough to make people hopeless ... ... It will be a person who intentionally needs "order" There is nothing but ordering As long as this order lasts, it will be nervous and embarrassed. The world should not know anyone else: the most important issue is not how we can promote and accelerate it as it is the evolution that we are already suffering. Please let some people out of this situation - the soul from this supremacy has acquired bureaucratic lifestyle. " Max Weber was born on April 21, 1864. His father, Max Weber Sr, is a politically active lawyer who prefers "world pleasure" and his mother Helene Fallenstein Weber wants a more abusive life. It is a way. The conflict arising in their marriage had a great influence on Max. Nevertheless, their houses are filled with excellent intellectuals and lively words. In the process of growing, he was tired of school and despised the teacher, but he himself swallowed classical literature. Born on 21 April 1864 in Erfurt, Thuringia, Max Weber was the eldest son of Max Weber and Helenfalenstein Weber. Max Weber was suffering from meningitis at the age of 4 and he read as his past time and developed his academic ability as a young man (Secher 1980). Max Weber majored in law in 1882 at the University of Heidelberg. However, as a military officer volunteered to participate in military training, his education was interrupted. In 1884 he retrained in 1890 and graduated (Secher 1980). He was a professor of economics at the University of Freiburg in 1894. After he married Mariannechniker for one year, Marianschnigger was a senior prostitute of Max Weber. Ironically, Weber suffered from long-term psychosis and declined work during the 1897 career peak (Gerth & Mill 1982). Max Weber, Junior Born in 1864 Germany, Erfurt. He is Max Weber, Senior. The biggest of eight children born with Helene Fallenstein Weber. Max Junior is a sick child. At the age of 4, he was suffering from meningitis. Although he finally recovered, due to the rest of his life he suffered from physical and emotional sequelae of illness, most notably anxiety and nervous tension. From a very young age, books are at the heart of Weber's life. He read everything he can get, including Kant, Machiavelli, Spinoza, Goethe and Chopin Howell, who wrote two historical articles before his 14th birthday. However, Weber pays little attention in the lesson, and there are few jobs to go to school. According to his legacy Marian, "His teachers are not civilized, but he does not respect them."

In the early 1600s, in Europe, the civil war in England, France, religious persecution and Europe faced a crisis of the collapse of a feudal state that maintains order. To solve the situation in Europe, to find a way to secure a political and economic crisis on the continent to the African continent, more economic philosophers, not more confused than in Europe. Philosopher Thomas Hobbes (Hobbes), he puts forward a proposal to give sovereignty in exchange for security to protect the public by depriving its natural rights and authority. Thomas Hobstomas Hobbes is a British philosopher living in 1588 - 1679. He studied at Oxford University and studied the classics. His career is also a mentor, but I am going to Europe to meet scientists and study various governments. He is interested in why people can dominate themselves and what is the best form of government in England. Thomas Hobbes is the first great man in contemporary moral philosophy. Hobbes is looking at people pessimistically and believes that humans are selfish creatures and do something to improve their own position. Thomas Hobbes (Thomas Hobbes) is a British philosopher and political theorist of the 17th century, which was known for early modern political thought. Hobbes saw that the England civil war from 1642 to 1661 occurred terrorist attacks, while he allowed practice to provide these benefits to a safe environment, absolute monarchy had their personal interests I was convinced that it was the government's sole form of protection. Hobbes is writing about the concept of absoluteism, that is, absolute monarchy. Who is the influence of Thomas Hobbes? Thomas Hobbes has influenced many countries such as Bhutan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Swaziland. In addition to Bhutan, these countries adopt Hobbes' absolute monarchy. Because they are constitutional monarchies. Absolute monarchy is the form of government, the difference between absolute monarchy and constitutional monarchy, a single absolute ruler can control every aspect of the government. In contrast, the Constitutional monarchy is a form of monarchy, and the rulers are bound by the Constitution. This shows that some kind of ruler believes it is essential for their own growth. If there are no leaders, the country will collapse. In addition, Hobbes influenced people at their own time by refuting the British Council and the French papacy. In addition, his political philosophy affected other political theorists such as Rock, Spinoza, Rousseau, and led to investigations.

Some people think that talent and a successful attitude are necessary to make your efforts a success, but winning an attitude means that there are many people who lack decisions. As seen at marketforthesoul.org, "a true leader is an ordinary person with an abnormal determination" is an important element in the overall success or failure of a person's efforts. Unfortunately for most people decisions are not easy. To really make up your mind, you must first give your passion to what they are doing. Dhruva: First of all, you need to define determinism. Determinism is a philosophical theory that all events, including moral choices, are completely determined for existing reasons. Determinism is usually understood as the exclusion of free will. Because it demands that humans do not act in their way. The theory argues that the universe is perfectly reasonable, as complete knowledge of any particular situation can ensure that unmistakable understanding of its future is possible. Think about what you think that determinism is true. This does not mean that we have chosen determinism rationally for cautious but means to think determinism is the truth; it is because you decided to do so. But if so, what is the reason why someone should argue for determinism? If their beliefs about deterministic truths were determined, what does it mean to try to convince someone else's determinism? The determinism is either true or not. If the certainty is true, my choice will eventually be caused by events and conditions that I can not control, so I am not their first reason ... so I am neither free nor responsible. If the determinism is false, what happens in me (I call "my choice" or "my decision") may be the first event in a causal chain leading to a series of body movements I call it "It is my behavior". However, this event is not determined by causality, so whether it happens is a matter of chance or luck. Whether it happened is irrelevant to me; it is not within my control, but under the control of my involuntary knee. So, if determinism is wrong, I am not the first reason or the ultimate source of my choice ... I am neither free nor responsible Determinism is a philosophical proposition that all events, including human recognition, decisions, and behavior, are determined by a series of pre-occurrence events. I believe nothing has been decided yet. The main result of the deterministic argument is that it challenges the existence of free will. The question of free will is whether a rational agent can control his or her behavior and decisions. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to understand the relation between freedom and causal relationship and judge whether there is causality certainty in natural law. Some philosophers known as incompatible people believe that determinism and free will are mutually exclusive. If they believe determinism, they will believe that free will is a fantasy, a position called a difficult determinism. Supporters include Baruch Spinoza and Ted Honderich

Throughout history, there were many influential people, events, and times that have made a great contribution to the society we know today. Many of them contribute to cultural, industrial or territorial conflicts that define our border. Unlike the world war that created these boundaries in the past few years, the age of enlightenment gives way of thinking to the world, gives how they see their own individual society, the world and the government bring new perspectives It was. Age of Enlightenment is an age of scientific awakening, and Age of Enlightenment is mainly developed in France. The starting point of enlightenment is John Rock's book on human understanding. Enlightenment attacked the leaders of the church and focused on the problems that had been avoided in the past. Trying to challenge the church takes courage. As the Church said, enlightenment questioned people such as "Earth is the center of the universe". There are four major areas of transformation: religion, intellectuals, economics, and politics. From the Middle Ages to Enlightenment and the 19th century, along with enlightenment and the 19th century, the evolution of knowledge has changed drastically. From the 17th century to the 18th and 19th centuries, the age of enlightenment was thought to be a cultural movement of intellectuals. It also began spreading to American colonies on continental Europe. This is by purpose https://www.studymode.com/subjects/which-labels-for-the-middle-ages-best-describe-the-era-between-500-and-1400-in-europe-the-dark-ages- Europe's most faithful, or oldest feudal age of the golden era - page 1. Html "The labels of the Middle Ages best describe the European Dark Ages from 500 to 1400, or the feudalism era of the European Golden Age," theses and research papers Okay, men and girls, ready to enlightenment In this lesson I will introduce enlightenment. what is that? Enlightenment, sometimes called the era of enlightenment, was an intellectual movement from the late 17th century to the early 18th century, emphasizing reasons, individualism, and skepticism. Enlightenment challenged the traditional religious view. Because that was such a wide movement, enlightenment did not have an accurate start date. It did not pop up, but it gradually developed. Most historians came to the beginning of enlightenment from the mid 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. The work of intellectuals like Rene Descartes, Barus Spinoza, Isaac Newton is particularly important for the creation of enlightenment.

In the award-winning novel "Imperial Falls" by Richard Russo, you can see the lives of people living in a small factory in Imperial Falls, Maine. There are various residents in this town, the most easily recognized role is Christina, "嘀嗒", Robbie. Grasshopper is very mature and suitable for her age, she avoids troubles as much as possible. She is in the third year of high school, but it seems to be more burdensome than ordinary teenager. Richard Russo's novel "Imperial Falls" is a depiction of the lives of the people of the Empire Falls. After closing the factory by Whitings, the town became obsolete and was trying to go bankrupt as a symbol of the past as a symbol of the past. Miss Whiting is the owner of most buildings and companies in the town and he dominates much of what happens at the border of the town. Miles Roby is her barbecue manager, Empire Grill. She promised him that he would master Miles when she died, if he continued to manage the barbecue. For this reason, he has worked on the grill for 15 years without changing the grill. Myers brother David tried to persuade Myers to continue his life and pursue a new job, but every time Myers rejects this idea stubbornly. In the novel, the theme developed by Russo is to fear what is unknown, to live in refusal and to escape the past and surrounding environment. Imperial Falls, Richard Russell Myers lobby abandoned his college days and returned to his devastated hometown of Dexter County, Maine. Commitment Empire's waterfall is the story of his return and recovery, a way to realize the story of a dream even in the worst nightmare. "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" Senior School By Eloise by Kay Thompson Emily Strange by Roger Reger Emma by Richard Russo Encyclopedia Brown by Boys Detective Donald J. Sobol Ethan Frome Ethics, Spinoza Europe, Back Doors, 2003 Rick Steves Eva Luna Isabel Allende Ray Bradbury All lighting by Mr. Jonathan Safran by Gary Clement Fryhit 451 by Mr. Jonathan Safran by Mr. Michael Moore, by Donald, 911 Fahrenheit at the end of the Fahrenheit in 911 Kagan respects the decline of the Athenian Empire: How Hunters S Las Vegas Greg Christelt worried about becoming the world's heaviest people and aversion

The Cornerstone Society has excellent articles on various annual meetings. It is worth visiting. Read this article: Laudable Pursuit - a very important and important discussion about architecture and the future Freemason's philosophy - or more specifically some of the famous masons were explained by brothers. Roscoe Pond - the first part of the five parts. Please reprint an excellent One More Time Please series. If you do not know OMTP, this article is a good starting point. USENET Masonry FAQ: Classic editing of generic FAQ for Masonic - a great starting point! "The devil of Red Devil, the lie about the life of Freemasonry" - From the US news and the report of the world on August 26, 2002 Thom Paine has lots of mistaken information in the history of this masonry, but it is very interesting to know what such influential people are writing about this topic. Restoration ceremony: Amaranth, Southern Queen, Oriental star, Paul Rich, 32 °, Guillermo de los Reyes Modern masons appeared in the age of enlightenment - writers, thinkers, and politicians claimed a virtue of conscience, rational thought, and sincere inquiry. Author Rebecca Newberger Goldstein reminds that the idea and influence of writer / philosopher is Baruch Spinoza How should you look at the position of masonry in the mysterious tradition of the West? Your older brother Darren Lorente reviewed several alternatives What do you think about my day course? You are very glad to hear from me! This is another opinion on this subject. A 32-year-old young Mason's idea by G. Cliffport: "I hope that my way is rewarding and exciting" In this article we do not insist that Hiram of the Builder is actually King of Egypt, but you can check it yourself. These hard questions about freemasonry and their direct answers will provide sensible light and truth to those who are confused about Anti Mason's assertion. One of the activities of the Freemasonry Service Association is the Freemasonry Information Center, which has a set of books and pamphlets for Mason to respond to attacks by anti-Freemason critics. The literature on Freemasonry does not provide a direct explanation. Is the overthrow of the government harmless or inclined? Which is it a knowledge or a magical community? These problems are not new. Since the development of the 18th century, Freemasonry has offended Catholic churches, right-wing politicians, and recent British interior ministry. (Due to concerns that the police and judicial Mason are offering preferential treatment to other Masons, the Interior Ministry requested judicial personnel to disclose membership from 1998 to 2009.) Ideology and doctrine, It is defined as universal brotherhood love and efforts to self improvement. There is no governance body either. It consists of a network of loose groups called huts. And it is a big hut in the region and country. So, what is the Freemason society? For decades, Freemasonry was the center of speculation. Even the origin of Freemasonry is cloudy. Freemasonry traditionally dates back to the 14th century guild, eventually becoming a freemason lodge, but some theorists trace it to other secret organizations such as Knights Templar (Jacob 12) There is also. In general, Freemasonry is considered a charity, brother, secret society with chapters internationally. It is called a secret society, but since it leads to a gathering of members and individuals, certain parts of history are also secret. Although historians have been asking questions for many years, the 2004 film "National Treasure" evoked a new interest in Mason's role in the United States. However, the problem that many Nigerians are constantly seeking is. What is the origin of Freemasonry? According to some Freemasonry historians, masons are encompassed by myths, legends, and almost uncertain ambiguities. Since the 18th century, writers of Freemasonry have tried to establish a relationship between the Templars and Freemasonry.

From a historical perspective, the philosophy of optimism dates back to the 17th century. The philosophy of optimism constitutes the idea of ​​an ideal society, optimism as a philosophy is defined as the world where human beings live is "the best world of all possible worlds". The philosophy of the origin of optimism is accompanied by illness, disaster, and suffering. Philosophers suggest that despite the existence of these events, thoughts, or emerging qualities, everything in the world is the best or the best. The pioneers of optimistic philosophy are Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Alexander Pope. Optimistic philosophy is still common today in media, psychology, and virtuality. GOTTFRIED WILHELM Leibniz is quoted most frequently as a German mathematician and philosopher, but he has also been successful in other fields. As a versatile scholar and a noble philosopher, Leibniz was recognized as a philosophical principle to develop optimism. Leibnitz outlined his theory and believed that God, who circumvented all theology and philosophy, was kind and believed to balance the world with social conditions to optimize good and evil. Leibniz claims that world evil is the result of sins at the material or metaphysical level and is the result of free will. Leibniz's philosophy is best known for Voltaire's Candide Because of his belief, when the church founded in the UK suppressed Catholic, he lived in England. The Pope became a successful poet, writer and essayist mainly for his satirical poetry and use of heroes. One of the most famous works of the Pope, "Human Paper" is a poem that brings out the principles of faith and philosophical optimism. The Pope supports pessimism and devout faith in God, sort of, optimism about the god of omniscience. Voltaire studied the optimistic philosophy from the Pope, and he used it to inspire the famous text Candide. Today, philosophical optimism does not require divinity, but it also applies to today's news. For example, true optimists will see a situation quite different from those who do not follow the principles of optimistic philosophy. When Yates killed her five children in 2001, the country was full of anger, disgust and curiosity about seemingly skilled mothers. Yeats often insists that she saw that they killed children and "saved" them from God and they were avoiding hell. Optimists may think the situation is the best, because they may think that God or some other mental force other than God was trying to kill them for unfair reasons is. Optimists do not question the reason, but accept the situation of balancing the universe for the best future. The philosophy of optimism is not just advocated by Leibniz. His shape is different from Leibniz himself, but he has a disciple, Christian Wolf, but he does the same. Voltaire's mistress, Mrs. Châtelet is also keen on philosophy. Most importantly, Leibniz and the British poet Alexander Pope served him, and expressed a very similar view in his "Human Dissertation" (1733-34): Voltaire said it right after the earthquake I wrote. His "Poèmeurledésastrede Lisbonne" (Lisbon disaster poetry) published in 1756 expresses his philosophical change about the nature of good and evil of the world. Translator Roger Pearson says, "The first question about this poem is how the genocide can comply with the eternal law of good and free God, It is to be punished. " Sen, Candide, p.xix) Voltaire could not find the answer to his question, so he put together his poem in a skeptical manner with a hopeful smile. In philosophy, Leibniz is known for his optimism, that is, his conclusion is that in our limits our universe is the best universe that God would have created. Thai satire. Leibniz, along with René Descartes and Baruch Spinoza, is one of three rationalist supporters of the 17th century. Leibniz's work looks forward to modern logic and analysis philosophy, but his philosophy recalls the academic tradition in which conclusions are drawn by applying reasons

Drug tolerance or physiological tolerance, reduced response to substances by prior exposure Multidrug resistance or antibiotic resistance, the ability of pathogenic microorganisms to resist the killing of antimicrobial agents Central tolerance, the mechanism by which newly generated T cells and B cells do not react to themselves Tolerance team, how to ensure that employees do not exceed their financial transaction authority in the ERP system [citation needed] A tolerant paradox, a forgiving person who is opposed to intolerance and therefore does not tolerate it Unlimited tolerance inevitably leads to the loss of tolerance. As long as we provide unlimited tolerance to those who are intolerant, tolerance will be destroyed and forgiving, unless we are ready to defend a tolerant society from the effects of tolerance. For example, in this statement, I do not always mean that I should oppress words of intolerant philosophy, but as long as I can oppose them through rational arguments and make them subject to public opinion, suppression is certain It is not wisest to. It can not be said that we are ready to meet us at a reasonable discussion level and it is very easy to prove that we are ready to condemn all the arguments first. Teach them to do fraudulent things and to use a fist to answer the debate. Therefore, we should declare the right of intolerance to intolerance under the name of tolerance. The history of tolerance is often designed to follow the origin of rational, universal and explicit tolerance theory. The problem with this approach is that it is still unknown whether this theory existed. Discussions about past and present tolerance are often conflicting and almost always questioned. When Castellio, Spinoza, Baylor, or Kant argues that it constitutes a clear argument of tolerance, a tolerant historian shows the same incompatibility 9292 Ian Hunt, "religious freedom in modern Germany: theological, philosophical and Legal Sophis ", Southern Atlantic Quarterly, 113 (Durham, North Carolina, 2014): 37-62 (40). See all notes Religious tolerance and new tolerance philosophy are based on relative truth and cultural relativism. But supporters of "new tolerance" seems not to be tolerant of Christianity. As a Christian, we are referred to as a higher standard than "tolerance" - we are called to love our neighbors. Briefly, we must love sinners, but we can not accept true sins any more. - We all have sinned and should be judged by God. God the Father has sent his one son to satisfy the judgment for those who believe in him. Jesus, the creator of God and eternal child, dies us for sin, underwent punishment suitable for us, buried, and according to the Bible sent life innocent to be raised from death It was. If you really believe and believe in your heart, accept Jesus alone as your Savior and declare that "Jesus is the Lord".

Enlightenment has brought new ideas and messages to society dominated by dominant power: the church. In these dark times, the ultimate authority over people dominated their powerful 'hint' power beyond their religious doctrine and their national leaders. For centuries, as the world's largest and wealthiest organization, the church has the power to oppress free thinkers. In front of the mass communication, most educated literate people were Christian monks who managed information mainly about religious texts and handed the selected information to ignorant masses. Religious tolerance: I am skeptical about religious facilities, but I think many enlightenment thinkers should freely worship according to their own wishes. "The intellectuals of enlightenment was energetically requesting to restrict the political power of organized religion to contain the intolerance of religious war," Abnerz said. Freedom: tolerance to the religion of the Illuminati is related to individual freedom to emphasis. This concept considers that God and nature give fundamental rights to all human beings and that humans should be able to act freely without being limited by oppression. "These philosophers highlight that the government does not have authority over individual conscience," Abernethy explained. "Individuals have rights, everyone is equal, and legitimate political power is based on people's consent, and it is mandatory to express the will of people." Enlightenment thinkers oppose superstition. An enlighten thinker cooperated with the enlightened tyrant, the enlightened ruler of the absolute, who tried to force some new ideas about the government to be carried out. Enlightenment has great influence on European culture, politics and government. Beginning in the 17th century, it was a philosopher Francis Bacon (1562-1626), Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677), John Rock (1632-1704), Pierre Vail (1647-1706), Voltaire (1694-1778) It was started by. , Francis Hutchin, (1694-1746), David Hume (1711-1776) and physicist Isaac Newton (1643-1727). The prince often supports and develops these figures, and even attempts to apply their government concepts to so-called enlightened absoluteism. The scientific revolution is closely related to enlightenment, as its discovery reverses many traditional notions and introduces a new view on the state of nature and humanity.

According to Pierce, all investigations are pursuing "objective logic" of the universe. He explained the usage of this term as follows. The word "logic" is, in my opinion, two non-scientific things in a completely different sense. In a narrow sense, it is the science necessary to gain the truth. In a broader sense it is the science of thinking law, or better (the mind always happens through a symbol), it is generally meaningless, it is not only true but also a general symbolic condition. . As a symbol (Duns Scotus is called grammatical speciva), it is also the law of evolution of thought. Because, in order to use old things, it is necessary to study transmission of symbols from thought to heart to heart, and from one state to another. The term connection should be called rhetoric, but I'm satisfied with mistakenly calling it as objective logic. Because it conveys the correct view that it seems to be the logic of Hegel. The current investigation is logical in the broadest sense. Attempts to understand something, every research, at least I expect at least whether the purpose of the research itself is assumed to be influenced by logic almost the same as the logic we use. Although this is a hypothesis that it may be worth studying in the stage of a certain culture, everyone who has learned in this age is all violent. With this enthusiasm, he must accept the theory that he will exercise maximum power to develop and bring up experience tests. Whatever we can say about this hypothesis, what we should try in these times is not what we got, it is equivalent to the assumption that the logic of the universe is what we want. In Baldwin's dictionary, Peirce defines the logical truth as "consistency of abstract sentences with ideal limits". Infinite investigations often lead to scientific beliefs. Such abstract sentences are consistent due to incorrect and unilateral recognition. Sex This kind of confession is an important part of the truth. The existence of objective logic - the existence of a consistent structure of objects - Perception is caused by objects, but it is static and irrelevant to perceptual interpretation, there is subjective logic and that is ours Process used to improve the accuracy of the conceptual model by making conceptual models of consistency observed in the environment, and conceptual models more consistent with existing objective consistency. In our environment In his logic George Hegel distinguishes between subjective logic (usually logical) including concepts, judgments, reasoning, but objective logic includes logos, ontologies or metaphysics. Something by ontological reasoning of the Spinoza system. (Lawvere 94), it is alleged that the general structure of topology theory like classification logic and vassals should be considered as a formal embodiment of Hegel 's objective logic. Many of Lawvere's works contain relevant advice. Lawvere, see the mathematics related to philosophy. Before Hegel, this theme (essential doctrine) was not considered part of logic at all. Today, it is often covered by historical and scientific philosophy or research methods. It is called objective logic because it explains the process of unknowingly executing knowledge, as determined by objective laws. In contrast, subjective logic begins with an abstract concept whose central creative concepts are developed and become increasingly more specific theoretical practices such as the history of scientific development; for example, in the Periodic Table of the Elements Chemical science after discovering concept

Things that must be true, facts are facts, and everything that must exist must exist. For Spinoza, you must be familiar with metaphysics before you fully understand ethics. Metaphysics is related to the basic principle of everyone, metaphysics is all the foundation. This is the reason why he initiated the ethical reasons of God and nature as a whole before he started talking to human thought. Spinoza's position is anti-religious, not expressing God as a metaphysical aspect of the nature of reality, not theology or religion. Definition of Paper - Definition of God 's Concept God is sometimes difficult to master, especially the world today - the world God believes that God is trying to determine what God is. In order to even acquire such a concept, we must first recognize his own view on the following issues: God is our Creator. God is Almighty (Almighty) or Omniscience (Almighty) or both. Does God care? Is God with us? Whether God will interfere with the life on the ground. - Free software - Free definition of free software means freedom, not price. It has been used in this sense since the 1980's, and the complete definition of the first record seems to be GNU Announcement, Volume 1. No. 1 was published from January 1989 6. Specifically, four freely-defined free software: free-running program for all purposes The concept of defining God God can start from many places. I started by looking for the ultimate origin. There are two complementary ways to do this: Individual: Where did I come from? Universe: The developing world where life is life is coming from here. Individual: The pursuit of God starts with a double basic experience. The first one is that we are surprised. The most direct and self-validating knowledge we have is the consciousness of our own existence. Doctrine. Volume I: Christian Divine doctrine is the first of three Bruner 's doctrines. As the title says, the first volume deals with the teachings of Christianity in God. Brainer spent a lot of time defining the concept of doctrine, "It will be useful to those who teach themselves at the beginning." The big focus "The eternal foundation of God's self-communication" covers the attributes and names of God; the second part focuses on the principle of eternal sacred decree and election. "Among them, Bruner settled the way of Bart's continuous election.

The history of Western civilization can not be divided finely into strictly linear parts. Instead, they need to be viewed as a series of evolving threads that combine, interact, and make a universal transition at different time intervals. Enlightenment in the 18th century was one of the historical transformations of these paradigms, challenging traditional authority by investing in rationality and the power to change human condition. This general emphasis on rationality and independent thinking has brought about explosive growth in the transformation and development of science, philosophy, religion, and politics. Okay, men and girls, ready to enlightenment In this lesson I will introduce enlightenment. what is that? Enlightenment, sometimes called the era of enlightenment, was an intellectual movement from the late 17th century to the early 18th century, emphasizing reasons, individualism, and skepticism. Enlightenment challenged the traditional religious view. Because that was such a wide movement, enlightenment did not have an accurate start date. It did not pop up, but it gradually developed. Most historians came to the beginning of enlightenment from the mid 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. The work of intellectuals like Rene Descartes, Barus Spinoza, Isaac Newton is particularly important for the creation of enlightenment. It is impossible to talk about enlightenment unless you talk about the political leap of this age. The historian follows the scientific beginning of enlightenment to Principal Mathematica written by Sir Isaac Newton in 1686. This work is considered to be the majority of the philosophy driving science, mathematics, and enlightenment, in combination with John Rock's "Papers on Human Understanding" (1689). It is said that enlightenment really began with the 1776 American Revolution. The idea of ​​rethinking the minds of people through writers such as Thomas Payne, John Rock, Thomas Jefferson, has finally tried the Republic for the first time since the Roman period. Like other era of enlightenment, founder of the United States returned to the classical era and planned as to how they would like to manage their new country. An important person in the establishment of America like Thomas Jefferson was greatly influenced by enlightenment. That means that this country is also true. Jefferson has both classical education and humanities science training, practicality and experience, so it is a perfect person of enlightenment. As the author of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson formed the country by integrating the concept of natural rights in government and religion. In addition, he understands the importance of education in making these ideals work in a new country and establishing the University of Virginia. In many respects, Jefferson represents a way the Enlightenment ideals can be carried out in new colonies. The same can be said of other men like Benjamin Franklin. Because they have so many systems and pamphlets on which the state is based, and enlightenment still exists.

Plato was born in an aristocratic family of Athens in Greece. When he was a child his father, Ariston, was thought of as the descendant of the early king of Athens, and his mother Perictione married Pyrilampes. When young, Plato is always interested in political leadership and eventually becomes a disciple of Socrates. He follows his philosophy and dialectic, and it is believed to pursue the truth through questions, answers and other questions. After witnessing the death of Socrates in the hands of the Athenian Democrat in 399 BC, Plato left Athens and continued his trip to Italy, Sicily and Egypt. Reasons why I chose: Scientific genius of Einstein, Darwin, Newton, and Galileo. The basic philosophy of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle is the cornerstone of Western civilization. Da Vinci and Maimonides have extraordinary abilities to pursue an interdisciplinary spirit. King Solomon's wisdom and women's "international mystery". Finally, Al Ma'arri, Spinoza (Darwin, Galileo, Socrates) has the courage to stick to their own thoughts despite the serious impact of public contempt on death. Finally, I summarize the main points explained in this article. These are very easily integrated into Plato's genius. Its purpose is to emphasize the main reason Plato object to democracy. Plato's claim is shaped by his wonderful idea and another point of his creative genius is shaped by the world in which he lives. There is the possibility of creating a chaotic and disorderly society, which ultimately leads to tyranny, there is a decline in motivation for governance. Second, Plato believes that democratic means of choosing leaders in the world to which social classes and groups belong is not a fertile basis for nurturing an ideal leader. Finally, Plato believes that leaders should be trained for leadership purposes from a young age. Genius Geography, Eric Weiner. Plato once said that "the honor of a certain country has been cultivated there." For teachers, coaches, managers, or anyone who can build other high-quality cultures, you need to read it. In addition, the text of Weiner is very interesting and belongs to his own league. Grit, Angela Duckworth. Talent x effort = skills and skills x effort = achievement. Duckworth says that what matters to us is not nature or cultivation, but cultivating our nature. Being able to stick and stick there is like Duckworth's so-called "grit". She received the MacArthur Genius Award for her research.

The age of enlightenment was an age of scientific awakening; the era of enlightenment mainly developed in France. The starting point for Enlightenment is John Locke's book on human understanding. Enlightenment attacked church leaders and focused on problems that were avoided in the past. Trying to challenge the church requires courage. Illuminati asked people "Earth is the center of the universe." There are four major areas of change, religion, intellectuals, economics, politics. From the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment and the Enlightenment of the 19th century and the 19th century, the evolution of knowledge has changed dramatically. From the 17th century to the 18th century to the 19th century, the era of enlightenment was regarded as a cultural movement of intellectuals. It is said that it began to spread to American colonies of Continental Europe. This is by purpose https://www.studymode.com/subjects/which-labels-for-the-middle-ages-best-describe-the-era-between-500-and-1400-in-europe-the-dark-ages- Feudal age of Europe's most faithful, or most golden age ages - page 1. Html Labels and research papers label "What is the best medieval beliefs describing the era of the feudalism of the golden era of the European 500 to 1400 or the European dark era era" Well, men and women, preparation for enlightenment. In this lesson we will introduce Enlightenment. what is that? Enlightenment is sometimes called "era of enlightenment", emphasizing rationality, individualism and skepticism, the 17th century intellectual movement and the late 18th century. Enlightenment challenged the traditional religious view. The Enlightenment was such a broad movement, so there was no exact start date. I did not pop up, but it gradually developed. Most historians set the beginning of the Enlightenment from the middle of the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. The work of intellectuals such as Rene Descartes, Barus Spinoza, Isaac Newton is particularly important for the creation of the Enlightenment. Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere wrote Tartuffe at the beginning of Enlightenment's era. A major characteristic of the awareness era was promotion of rationality over emotions for decision making. The Enlightenment leaders truly believe that the world will be better if people do this. In Tartov, when a character makes decisions using his emotions, they feel that they are in a bad state. And those feelings dominate them

In interactiveism in Descartes philosophy and spiritual philosophy, the dualism theory that preserves this kind of thought and body is independent, but has a causal relationship. Interactivists insist that spiritual events like John Doe wanting to kick the brick walls may be the cause of the movement of the body, the cause of his legs and feet moving to the wall. On the contrary, the physical event that his foot touches the wall may be the cause of the psychological event that he felt heavy pain. In the 17th century, René Descartes used interaction as a classicistic expression. But in addition to speculating that it will occur in the pineal gland deep within the brain, he can not make a satisfactory explanation of how the interaction will occur. This problem led directly to the accidental nature of Nicolas Malebranche in France from the 17th century to the 18th century and various other explanations about the relationship between the body and the mind. These are the German philosophers from the 17th century to the 18th century - the mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's theory, the pre-established harmony between the body and the mind in God's creation, and the 17th century Dutch Jewish Including rejection of dualism by the human rationalist Benedict de Spinoza. Support of monism of mind and body as basic material attributes The interactionist faces two difficulties: (1) Imagine how such two foreign objects interact with each other because the material, the quality of mind, and the quality of the body are fundamentally different It is difficult to do. (2) Physics seems to present a completely unavoidable structure from non-physical areas, as explained mechanically. See also dualism of mind and body. Let me give an example of the comparison mechanism and the interaction of mutual interaction interactions (the influence between people, situation, action). Let me give an example of a mechanical interaction: characteristics, situation, and relationship between context and characteristics. Do you support another viewpoint? Please explain the reason. Please post a response of 200 to 300 words below: Do you think this event changed personality? If it changes your character, how will your personality change? What if that event does not change your personality? Do you think your character depends on environmental impact and genetic influence? The dialogueist view recognizes that the influence of personality depends on the circumstances and the situation is affected by the personality of the existent person. Interactivity also recognizes that people often choose circumstances that reflect their personality. Allan R. Buss, one of many interactive researchers, introduced the idea that people and the situation interact in three different ways. A common example of the interaction between people and the situation is the Stanford Prison Experiment where university students participated. Study on simulation research In the prison environment, some students work as guards and other students work as prisoners. When the security guard became more insulting than expected, the study was over. Because interaction theory is used to study social interactions between different members, the interaction theory is linked to the family system. Based on the theory of interaction theory, families are simply units of personality interaction. Communication, personality, and role play an important role in the family of social systems. Communication plays an important role in the interaction between different members of the family. Since families tend to act based on the meaning of words used for communication, the way the family communicates determines the interaction between them.

Enlightenment, the philosophical movement of the 18th century, is characterized by the power of human reasons and innovation in politics, religion, and educational theory. Pre-entertainment, noun · pre-entertainment, noun Definition of British pre-entertainment dictionary In the 1660's, "inspired behavior" was born from Enlightenment + -ment. It is used only for figurative meaning, spiritual enlightenment, etc. In 1865, as a translation of German Aufklärung, the name of the spirit and institution of the mainland philosopher of the 18th century The philosophy of enlightenment adheres to the essential autonomy of human beings. People are responsible to themselves, responsible for their own reasonable interests, responsible for their own self-development, and responsible for the welfare of their brothers by inevitable expansion. For philosophers, people are not sinners, at least not born; humanity - this statement is destructive by its origin, in fact is revolutionary, or by origin, or at least neutral. In this way, human antisocial passion has undeniable power, but individuals may want to improve through their own efforts instead of prayer, instead of education, participation in politics, and reform activities Hmm. [Peter Gay, "Enlightenment"] New Culture Literacy Dictionary, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2005 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Houghton Published by Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Copyright Okay, men and girls, ready to enlightenment In this lesson I will introduce enlightenment. what is that? Enlightenment, also known as the age of enlightenment, was an intellectual movement from the late 17th century to the early 18th century, emphasizing reasons, individualism, and skepticism. Enlightenment challenged the traditional religious view. Because that was such a wide movement, enlightenment did not have an accurate start date. It did not pop up, but it gradually developed. Most historians came to the beginning of enlightenment from the middle of the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. The work of intellectuals like Rene Descartes, Barus Spinoza, Isaac Newton is particularly important for enlightenment. It is impossible to talk about enlightenment unless we talk about the political leap of this age. Historians follow the scientific beginning of enlightenment to Principal Mathematicala written by Sir Isaac Newton in 1686. This work is considered to be a major part of philosophy driving science, mathematics, and enlightenment, in combination with John Locke's "Papers on Human Understanding" (1689). It is said that enlightenment really started in the American Revolutionary War of 1776. The idea of ​​rotation around people's minds by writers like Thomas Paine, John Locke, Thomas Jefferson, eventually attempted the Republic for the first time in Roman times. As with the rest of enlightenment, the founders of the United States returned to the classical era and planned how they would like to manage their new country.

Great theorists and philosophers of knowledge networks such as Stoic Sc ​​hool, Skeptics, Aristotle, St. Thomas Aquinas, Descartes, Spinoza, Locke, Hume, Berkeley, Kant, Burt. Lan Russell, Darwin, Freud, and all the science of the 20th century are all working hard on being a matter of knowledge. Do you have knowledge? "Knowing" and "knowledge" are powerful concepts Before receiving text and criticism, I think it is natural that I know what knowledge is. Then, I have a simple question. After reading "American scholars", I remembered that the class was asked "What is the relationship between nature and knowledge?" There is no answer. A consumer-centered knowledge network is a knowledge network that focuses on the knowledge consumers are interested in and controlled by consumers. There must be a very gray portion between all knowledge and consumer-centered knowledge, but knowledge-oriented processes, including consumer interests, are important. The Consumer Knowledge Network is a platform for consumer-centered knowledge-based applications. One of the ongoing discussions is knowledge gathering through knowledge mining (knowledge of mining) and clearly constructed knowledge. Specifically, we wait to convert to an explicit knowledge structure expressed as a semantic web, or automatically generate enough knowledge structures by text mining, data mining, and even knowledge mining ? Consumer-centric knowledge network - Consumer application vision for software agent technology - Implementation of consumer-centered knowledge-based computing The knowledge network is part of the semantic web and focuses on knowledge. A knowledge network is not just a collection of static coding knowledge. Always knowledge is constantly being created through active processes and services. Software agents play an important role in supporting the generation of knowledge networks and new knowledge. Knowledge networks are not just information repositories, they should be viewed as platforms for knowledge - based applications. Consumer-centric knowledge network - Consumer application vision for software agent technology - Implementation of consumer-centered knowledge-based computing Consumer networks are part of a network that focuses on consumer interests compared to consumer networks and consumer knowledge networks become part of the semantic web or knowledge network that focuses on consumer interests Let's see. The consumer web is driven by user navigation, but the consumer knowledge web is driven by the activities of software agents representing consumers. In order to emphasize the center of software agent technology in achieving vision, the assumed network should really be called a consumer / agent knowledge network. Not only is a software agent used for implementation, but each consumer is a consumer / agent knowledge Web as a partnership in which software agents working on behalf of consumers are essentially part of the minds of consumers It is necessary to conceptualize. Consumer-centric knowledge network - Consumer application vision for software agent technology - Implementation of consumer-centered knowledge-based computing