Descartes’s "Principles of Philosophy"

RenéDescartes (1596-1650) is a French mathematician, a scientific thinker, and a philosopher, an important contribution to mathematics, optics, epistemology and other fields that help shape the perception of the nature and humanity of the modern world I did it. I thought. He is the son of a lawyer educated at La Freche Jesuit College and Poitiers. He became a soldier and worked for Orange Prince Morris and Bayern Maximilian I army. He wrote many books in Latin and French. What is shown here is the first edition of his Principia philosophy (philosophical principle) published in Amsterdam in 1644 by a Dutch printer and book seller Louis Elzevir. This book is an ambitious attempt by Descartes to present the whole ideology in the form of textbooks on substance essence, essence of mind, God's creation and the beginning of the universe. This book is divided into four parts. In the first part we deal with metaphysics and sources of matters such as cognition, human knowledge and understanding, and complete and full knowledge of God and human mistakes (knowledge and morality). In the second part, we introduce the theory of physics general principles and kinetic laws. The third part is devoted to astronomical phenomena. In Part 4 I will explain the nature of minerals, metals, magnets and other natural phenomena and their understanding of their sensations. This book is bound to Specimina philosophiae, another work of Descartes, especially the second work, French to Latin translation, which corrects his 1637 discourse deraméthode (Discourse Method).

Descartes' philosophical principle also presents his most extensive discussion about motor phenomena defined as "movement of a substance or an object from an adjacent object of an adjacent object to an adjacent object of another adjacent object" (Pr II 25) Descartes attempts to distinguish the concept of his "appropriate" movement as a "common" or "vulgar" movement concept, ie internal change, as the "neighbor" of the adjacent body (Pr II 10-15, 24-28). The surface (boundary with the container) of these accommodating bodies is also called "outer position" of the accommodating body. As Descartes considers passengers to be resting against various parts of the ship rather than being stationary relative to the ship, the concept of vulgar movements may cause the body to become more numerous (probably contradictory ) To participate in the movement at the same time. It is part of it. Shore (Pr II 24)

In 1644, Descartes published "Philosophical Principles" that summarized his physics and metaphysics. He dedicated this work to Elizabeth Stewart who developed him and his moral philosophy, Princess Elizabeth (1618-79), the daughter of the Queen of Bohemia. Descartes is a combination of Descartes' philosophical principle (1644; philosophical principle) that shows a deep understanding of the Cartesian system. Spinoza generally accepted Descartes 'physics but he rejected Descartes' metaphysics and opposed the three features: the transcendence of God, the spiritual concept of "spiritual substance" is quite different from substance (Mind - body dualism ).