Crude crude is a complex mixture of hydrocarbon molecules formed over millions of years when the residue of fine marine organisms trapped in sediments is converted to crude oil by heat and pressure. The most abundant of these mixtures is a mixture containing only hydrogen and carbon. These hydrocarbons can have many different forms, namely alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. They differ in size, shape and viscosity. By manipulating these hydrocarbon chains, you can create as many useful substances as they are highly adaptable. Crude distillation is a continuous physical separation process. It separates the multicomponent crude from a wide range of boiling points. In addition to deposits, water and wax, crude oil also includes various hydrocarbons and organometallics. The product from crude oil is separated into fractions by distillation according to its boiling point so that each of the following treatment units has a feedstock meeting its specific specifications. In order to achieve higher efficiency and lower cost, crude oil separation is divided into two steps. The first step is to separate crude oil at atmospheric pressure. The high-boiling bottoms fraction (overhead or atmospheric lowered crude oil) is then sent from the atmospheric distiller to a second rectification column operating in high vacuum operation. Crude oil then enters the furnace. Here it is heated to 330 - 350 ° C. Crude oil is then flushed in an atmospheric distillation column. Here it is divided into a number of fractions with a specific boiling range. When each fraction in the distillation column reaches the tray at the temperature just below its own boiling point, the crude oil condenses and returns to the liquid phase. Furthermore, the heavier fraction will condense into the lower tray and the lighter fraction will condense into the upper tray of the column. At different heights of the tower, the fraction can actually be withdrawn by gravity through the pipe for further processing in the refinery process by using a special tray called extraction tray. Fractions are withdrawn from the top, side and bottom of the distillation column. These fractions are the products produced during this remote process.

There are approximately 17,500 mile pipeline in crude oil transportation in North Dakota Province, which is enough to extend from New York to Los Angeles. Without a pipeline, the danger of transporting oil will be greatly enhanced, and the disarray that cleans them will be more extensive. The danger of transporting crude oil through trains and pipelines is increasing as new oil reserves are discovered in the western North Dakota province. The rest is to clean up the confusion left by the accident. Finally, petroleum products are something that humans can not afford in this age. This pipeline is part of Canada's energy extraction and transport network for transporting natural gas, natural gas liquid, crude oil, synthetic crude oil and other petroleum-based products. There are 23,564 km (14,642 miles) of crude oil and refined oil transport pipeline and 74,980 km (46,590 mile) of liquefied petroleum gas in Canada. Some cities in North America are arranged along the horizontal axis, and public transportation is arranged along the vertical axis. Public transport is fewer than some Canadian cities. Other cities in the United States and Mexico, such as New York and Mexico City, actually use more public transport than Canada. Coal, crude oil and natural gas are products commonly used in the manufacture of plastics. At the moment public opinion on energy and non-renewable energy in the transport sector is at best mixed. Therefore it is safe to assume that most publishers agree that coal, petroleum and natural gas are not necessary for plastic production. In many cases, something like a plastic bag floating in water is easily mistaken for floating a jellyfish. This is the effect of animals such as turtles, whales, dolphins. A wonderful documentary called "Plastic Whale" that was placed in the sky this year, we investigated the death of a whale whose stomach is filled with plastic packaging.

- Preliminary assessment Part 1a identifies mixtures from the earth - one of the lithosphere - petroleum / crude is a natural fossil fuel that has been used for thousands of years. It is a flammable liquid found in most underground areas. Crude oil composition is predominantly hydrocarbon, there are many changes; traces of other elements are also in crude oil, there is natural gas also. The term "crude oil" refers to untreated oil. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that exists as a liquid in the underground formation and remains liquid as it is transported to the surface. Petroleum products arise from the treatment of crude oil and other liquids at refineries, the extraction of liquid hydrocarbons from natural gas processing plants, and the production of finished petroleum products at mixed facilities. Oil is a broad category including crude oil and petroleum products. The terms oil and oil are sometimes used interchangeably It consists of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other organic compounds. The name oil includes petroleum products consisting of natural crude oil and refined crude oil. When fossil fuels are formed, numerous dead organisms, usually animal plankton and algae, are buried beneath sedimentary rocks and receive intense heat and pressure. Oil is mainly recovered by oil mining (natural petroleum springs are rare). Drilling will be done after structural geological survey (reservoir scale), sedimentary basin analysis, reservoir description (mainly porosity and permeability of the geological reservoir structure). From gasoline (petrol) and kerosene to chemical reagents used in the manufacture of asphalt, plastics and medicines, it was purified by distillation and separated into many consumer products. Some basic knowledge has decreased. How many gallons of diesel and gasoline will be added from one barrel of oil? What is the difference between crude oil, petroleum products and oil? How much oil is used for kWh power generation? Because the type and quality of crude oil are different, it is necessary to know about crude oil as well. If you want to start evaluating the environmental impact on the quality of the atmosphere, you need to check the location of the oil. There are maps and information on the position of gas and oil pipelines, and it is also known that crude oil movement is done on land. And marine products and petroleum products. Obtain forecasts from federal regulatory authorities

Influence of light crude oil cost and stock price on five main railroads In this survey we have judged if there is a big impact on the cost and trade of light crude (the largest type of crude oil). Stock prices of five major railway cars operating in the United States. I am currently hired by the Brotherhood of Motorcycle Engineers and is a negotiating agent for most engineers in the US main trunk railway. Over the years, West Texas Intermediate Crude Oil (WTI) is mild, low sulfur crude, the world's most traded item. WTI is a grade used as a benchmark for oil price setting. It is a basic item of oil futures contracts of Chicago Commodity Exchange. WTI, along with Brent crude, is also quoted frequently in crude oil price news reports. WTI is lighter and sweeter than Brent, lighter and sweeter than Dubai and Oman. Crude oil may be light or heavy. Oil is the first form of widely traded energy. Speculation in certain commodity markets is directly related to the stability of certain countries, such as Iraq, Bahrain, Iran, Venezuela, and many other countries. Most commodity markets have nothing to do with politics in unstable areas As of June 2018, the price of Brent crude is 74 dollars per barrel and WTI's crude oil price is 67 dollars per barrel, greatly improved since the oil crisis of 2014-15 years when the price dropped due to oversupply . Barrels are as low as $ 40 to $ 50. Due to fluctuations in crude oil prices, a great momentum has emerged in the innovation of new production technologies leading to oil extraction and more efficient drilling methods. As the relative supply of light crude oil and heavy crude oil changes, the price difference between light crude oil and heavy crude oil is shrinking. Relatively light crude oil is generally more expensive than heavier crude oil. This is because lighter crude oil has less purification steps required to produce high value added products such as gasoline and diesel. Lighter crude oil is also considered more valuable as not all refineries have the equipment needed to handle heavier, deeper crude oil. On the US Gulf Coast, Louisiana Light Suite (LLS) Crude Oil Premium for heavy Mayan crude oil in Mexico narrowed from $ 9 per barrel in March to $ 5 per barrel in August. In the Midwest, West Texas Intermediate (WTI) premiums for light crude for West Canada Select (WCS) also contracted from $ 13 a barrel in March to $ 10 a barrel in August. Rising crude oil prices - As I mentioned in this article on April 19, crude oil prices have risen to the highest level since 2014. Given that crude oil is the main raw material for refining, a drastic rise in crude oil price will inevitably lead to a rise in pump price. In the last article, I explained in detail the reasons for the current rise in crude oil price. Summer Mixed Gasoline Requirements - Under the regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) aimed at managing and reducing atmospheric ozone, refineries need to manufacture gasoline "winter mixture" and "summer mixture". The transition from winter mixing to summer mixing occurs every spring, and the fact is that summer mixed production is more expensive than winter mixing production.

Crude oil awakening - Oil crisis In this article, I will explore why oil collapse is a social problem, keep moving civilizations, keeping a stable economy and thinking of solutions to maintain the natural environment. Sustainability means that we can meet the needs of today's lifestyles and live an appropriate life while at the same time allowing the next generation to do so in their time without compromising It means (Oskamp, ​​p. 496). In this article I would like to focus on crude oil. It is crashing at the fastest speed at present. Crude oil is very important to the world economy. How much will you pay for the pump? What is the performance of US energy companies? These two problems are superficial problems. This is the three things we want to see right now. Rising crude oil prices - As I mentioned in this article on April 19, crude oil prices have risen to the highest level since 2014. Given that crude oil is the main raw material for refining, a drastic rise in crude oil price will inevitably lead to a rise in pump price. In the last article, I explained in detail the reasons for the current rise in crude oil price. Summer Mixed Gasoline Requirements - Under the regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) aimed at managing and reducing atmospheric ozone, refineries need to manufacture gasoline "winter mixture" and "summer mixture". The transition from winter mixing to summer mixing occurs every spring, and the fact is that summer mixed production is more expensive than winter mixing production. For the benefit of petroleum distributors, in 2004 the western Canadian producer created a new benchmark crude called Western Canada Select (WCS). The state of Mexican Maya is similar, or Venezuela heavy crude. The API gravity of this heavy oil is 19 to 21, which contains a large amount of bitumen and synthetic crude oil but still flows through the pipeline and is classified as "traditional heavy oil" by the government. This mixture is imported into hundreds of thousands of barrels per day in addition to large amounts of crude oil bitumen and synthetic oil (SCO) from oil sands.

Crude Oil: It penetrates investor's mind and is increasingly contributing to their fatal dependence. Crude oil: Although it is low cost, it costs money in terms of war, loss of life, and social, social and economic confusion. Crude Oil: We are trying to own "Black Gold". What was the beginning of a new traditional product is now a support system for all people. It creates a fantasy that completely changes life, a life without work, a free life, which is the spirit of anesthesia, a vague vision, a source of corruption. " Quality in the sea One barrel of crude oil is a "hard asset". Even if you are not in the oil industry, you can exchange the oil barrel in the market and exchange goods. However, the value of crude oil is not essential. Hundreds of years ago, before the invention of an engine that could use oil as a fuel, the value of crude oil was zero. One day, if the solar energy becomes cheap enough, the value of crude oil may approach zero again. At the same time, fluctuations in crude oil prices are influenced by current supply-demand situation and prediction of future supply-demand situation. Crude oil, commonly referred to as petroleum, is a liquid on the earth, composed of hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and small amounts of metal. Hydrocarbon is usually the main component of crude oil, its composition varies depending on the type of crude oil and extraction method, but it varies between 50% and 97%. Organic compounds such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur normally make up 6% to 10% of the crude oil and metals such as copper, nickel, vanadium and iron account for less than 1% of the total composition. Crude oil is the most common petroleum product in spilled oil. Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and small amounts of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and minor amounts of inorganic and organometallic compounds. There are three kinds of hydrocarbons, alkane, alkene, and aromatic. Low concentrations of alkanes can cause anesthesia and anesthesia as well as high concentrations of cell damage and death in marine invertebrates. Olefins are usually not included in crude oil, but are included in refined products such as gasoline. Gasoline is more toxic than alkane, but it is less toxic than aromatic. Aromatic hydrocarbons are not common in nature, but they kill marine organisms not only at maximum intensity but also at dilute concentrations. Aromatic hydrocarbons are the most direct toxic component in oils (Boesch, Hershmer et al., 1974).

Introduction and goal BP oil spill began in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010 and began with BP's Macondo Prospect. On April 20, 2010, 126 workers of Deepwater Horizon Mobile Drilling Rig temporarily closed the Macondo wells to be surveyed. That night, the explosive device exploded abroad, and eventually caused a series of incidents that resulted in the sinking of Deepwater Horizon. When the fire was swallowed and eventually the rig was destroyed, 11 crewmembers were killed and other crew were seriously injured. Deepwater Horizon 's oil spill (also called BP oil spill) in the Gulf of Mexico is regarded as the biggest accidental offshore oil spill in the history of the oil industry. The oil spill was a direct result of the explosion and sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling equipment which took 11 lives. The total amount of oil was estimated at 9 million barrels. A huge crude oil carrier carrying the Liberian flag was divided into three, and 1,604,500 barrels (219,797 tons) of light crude oil and 4,000 tons of heavy oil were released, becoming the largest scale of oil spill at that time and became the largest scale. Loss of marine creatures recorded from oil spillage outflow The oil spill of BP destroyed the Gulf, and the world seemed helpless in 2010. More than 200 million gallons of crude oil flowed into the Gulf of Mexico for 87 days, making it the biggest oil spill in US history. 16,000 miles of coastline including Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida were seriously affected. The loss of life and marine life, income along the gulf along the fishermen and closed beach is devastating. But in this human disaster, our large group of people began using their minds to dissipate materials, prayers and energy. The oil spill of Deepwater Horizon / BP, perhaps the biggest anthropogenic environmental hazard, was the greatest oil spill in the history of the world oil industry. The cause of the incident was the explosion of oil drilling equipment and the sinking in the sea. This case deprived 11 lives, wasting about 5 million barrels of oil and brought a serious threat to over 8,000 marine life. Despite purification work, these ecological losses may last for many years. This is the most notorious coastal dumping site in the United States and there are various pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorous rich pesticides, fertilizer, animal excrement. Pollutants come from the farm near the Mississippi River, and the number is very large.

Not only will prices of natural gas and oil change, but all other prices will also rise. The cost of living and the way people live is affected by these rising expenses. In this article I will explain the various influences that these prices have on my daily life. The way to change everyone's lifestyle is transportation expenses and project cost. The price of natural gas has changed dramatically over the years, and the cost seems to be increasing, it does not change. High crude oil prices are due to high crude oil prices. Because oil costs make up 72% of gasoline price. The remaining 28% comes from distribution, refining and taxation. As crude oil prices rise, it can be expected that crude oil prices will rise after six weeks. On May 10, 2018, world oil price reached 80 dollars per barrel. Formerly, the US decided to withdraw from Iran's nuclear agreement and resume sanctions. Iranian production is expected to decline. In addition, production in Libya and Venezuela is facing restrictions. After the Meeting of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries on November 30, 2017, oil prices also rose. Members agreed to reduce production by 2018. The US Energy Information Bureau predicts oil prices will be $ 73 per barrel in the second half of 2018 and $ 69 per barrel in 2019. In recent years, the income of oil and natural gas accounts for nearly half of the Russian state budget. Along with the rise in oil prices, the prices of oil and gas stabilized, and the price of natural gas fell. This correlation is weak for a particular period, it becomes stronger in other periods, but it will persist over time. As crude oil prices rise, the government budget will increase and Russia will invest in infrastructure, social programs, and defense investment. On the other hand, due to the depreciation of crude oil, the national budget has fallen in proportion to the price decline. Therefore, the most obvious impact of crude oil price on the Russian economy is to reduce or expand the government budget. According to the US Energy Information Administration, the most obvious natural gas price determinant - crude oil cost comes from crude oil. Fluctuations in natural gas prices tend to track fluctuations in crude oil prices - natural gas prices have also declined as crude oil prices fall to the lowest level each year. The decline in crude oil prices is a result of rapid growth in North America, hesitation for Saudi Arabia 's production cutbacks, and a decline in demand in Asia. For the reason why crude oil price fell by 25% in the summer of 2014, please refer to the explanation of the monitor that crude oil price fell sharply.

Since the mid-20th century, crucial importance of crude oil in supplying global energy demand has become one of the major indicators of world economic activity. Even after the emergence of alternative energy sources such as the sun, water and wind, the importance of crude as the main source of energy remains undeniable. The rapid rise in oil prices worldwide and fluctuations in exchange rates are regarded as factors hindering economic growth. There are various empirical literature on the relationship between the change in crude oil price and economic growth. Especially after Hamilton's study in 1983, a negative correlation between macroeconomic activity and crude oil price has been widely accepted. He pointed out that the price of crude oil rose and the production of the US fell from 1948 to 1980. Hamilton's research results have been confirmed and expanded by many authors and researchers. Hooker (1996) confirmed and expanded Hamilton's research between 1948 and 1972 and proved that the level of crude oil price and its change reflects the impact on GDP growth. In the third and fourth quarter after the shock, a 10% rise in crude oil prices resulted in a 0.6% drop in GDP growth. Therefore, Li et al. The result of Granger's causality test proves that Lunge's crude oil price caused the US economy before 1973, but Granger's reason is no longer discovered from 1973 to 1994. There are various empirical literature investigating the relationship between economic growth and volatility of crude oil price. Hamilton's research in 1983 showed that the rise in crude oil prices resulted in a decline in US production growth between 1948 and 1980, so a negative correlation between crude oil prices and macroeconomic activities was widely accepted It has been. Hamilton's results have been confirmed and promoted by many other researchers. Hooker (1996) confirmed the results of Hamilton and proved that the oil price level and its change between 1948 and 1972 had an impact on GDP growth. This was reflected in a 10% rise in crude oil prices, which resulted in a 0.6% drop in GDP growth rate in the third and fourth quarter after the shock. Therefore, Mork (1989), Lee et al. Granger's causality test results confirmed that the Granger crude oil price caused the US economy before 1973, but it was no longer caused by Granger from 1973 to 1994.

The transportation industry relies on petroleum to maintain the operation of roads, railways, shipping, aviation networks. As time goes by, oil is getting exhausted, leading to price increases. This research paper will detail in detail the impact of rising oil prices on the transportation industry and its solutions. Petroleum is the main driving force behind the transportation industry because there is no other alternative that can be cleanly or safely transported. Biofuels exist in the market, but unfortunately there is no viable way to harvest enough biofuels to meet world oil demand. Oil accounts for the majority of agricultural production, and in developed countries there is high demand for mechanization and export. The rise in crude oil prices has a direct impact on the transportation costs of domestic agricultural products. When crude oil prices are $ 60 a barrel, people use biofuels to diversify to reduce production costs (Schmidhuber, 2006). The use of biofuels will increase raw material costs such as wheat, soybeans and palm oil by encouraging the government. In the future, demand for biofuels will increase transportation and over 95% will require transport (Fulton, Howes, & Hardy, 2004). However, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) provides an international agricultural commodity trade policy analysis model (IMPACT) to develop food demand, supply and safety by 2020 (Rosegrant, 2008). The impact of rising crude oil prices and agricultural prices on inflation is evident at the retail price of energy and food, but the high prices of petroleum and other raw materials were higher than non - energy and non - food prices. So far, finished products and services seem to be limited. However, as companies are facing continued high input prices, it is possible that they are trying to pass these costs to the prices of end products and services. In addition, as the foreign currency value of the US dollar declined, the rise in import prices brought significant upward pressure on corporate costs and consumer prices. In the economic forecast of the FOMC meeting in June, monetary policy makers as a whole predicted inflation in 2008. In addition, as the current high inflation level continues, it is possible that the public may bring up expectations for long-term inflation. Firstly, rising natural gas prices is important information in almost all manufacturing processes, and most consumer products and industrial products will cause price increases. That is inflation. For example, transport costs increase as the price of natural gas rises. The raw materials must be shipped to the factory before becoming the final product, and all final products need to be shipped to retail stores that can be purchased by consumers. Therefore, the increase in shipping costs directly increases to the price of consumer goods. In addition, the surge in crude oil prices is generally attributable to the soaring price of crude oil. This is the most important raw material for chemical products such as nylon and synthetic polymers which are input materials of most industrial products. Therefore, the surge in crude oil prices also leads to higher prices for industrial products. Universal inflation is unavoidable

This also has a major impact on the water supply of residents in Alberta. Extraction is also dependent on highly complex technologies that require a large amount of energy due to high temperatures. The high temperature depends on the production of natural gas and requires a lot of water and chemicals. All of these results in a low net energy return of about 20% to 50% (Timilsina, 2005). Levi (2009) pointed out that only 20% of the sand can be covered with a shovel with a steam excavator. Athabasca Oil Sands (or Tar Sands) is a large amount of bitumen or very heavy crude oil located in the northeastern part of Alberta, Canada, concentrated in Fort McMurray, an emerging city. These oil sands are mainly in the McMurray layer and consist of a mixture of coarse bitumen (semisolid crude), quartz sand, clay mineral, water. The Athabasca deposit is the world's largest known crude oil bitumen reservoir, the largest of the three largest oil sands deposits in Alberta, and the nearby Peace River and Cold Lake deposits (the latter covering Saskatchewan) is there. Wenzhou) Athabasca 's oil sands are more or less concentrated in Fort McMurray in the northern suburbs. They are overwhelmingly the largest bituminous deposit in Canada and may contain over 150 billion cubic meters (900 billion barrels) of oil. Bituminous is very viscous, usually denser than water (10 ° API or 1000 kg / m 3). The saturated sandstone is 15 to 65 meters (49 to 213 feet) thick, and in oil-rich areas the oil saturation is 90% by weight. Bituminous sand is the main source of unconventional petroleum but only Canada has a large commercial oil sands industry. Through 81 oil sands projects in 2006, Canada produced an average of 1.25 million barrels per day (200 thousand cubic meters per day) of asphalt per day. In 2007, 44% of Canada's oil production was from Oil Sands. Although the work of the new project was postponed due to the economic recession in 2008, this ratio (as of 2008), as the production of asphalt increases, as the conventional oil production decreases, in the next few decades It is expected to increase. In other countries, oil is not produced in large quantities from oil sands.

A huge oil spill occurred in 2010 near the Gulf of Mexico. It is now called BP oil spill. Due to this leak, about 1.7 million barrels of crude oil was sent to the Gulf of Mexico. Eleven men died as a result of oil spills. The oil spill of BP adversely affects the environment. Leaks contaminate air and water and contaminate the food chain. Air and water quality in adjacent areas is important due to air and water pollution caused by oil spills. Deepwater Horizon 's oil spill (also called BP oil spill) in the Gulf of Mexico is regarded as the biggest accidental offshore oil spill in the history of the oil industry. The oil spill was a direct result of the explosion and sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling equipment which took 11 lives. The total amount of oil was estimated at 9 million barrels. A huge crude oil carrier carrying the Liberian flag was divided into three, and 1,604,500 barrels (219,797 tons) of light crude oil and 4,000 tons of heavy oil were released, becoming the largest scale of oil spill at that time and became the largest scale. Loss of marine creatures recorded from oil spillage outflow After the Exxon Valdez incident in Prince William Sound in Alaska, in 1989, many people were familiar with the miserable outcome of oil spills. Gulf freak leakage in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 was even more serious than the scale of Exxon Mobil, but leakage was regarded as the most notorious oil spill in the history of the United States. Generally, the influence of oil spill depends on various factors such as weather and other environmental conditions, oil composition, distance from the coast, and so on. Sea birds, fins, tortoises, etc. There are several ways that oil spill may adversely affect marine life. The oil spill of Deepwater Horizon / BP, perhaps the biggest anthropogenic environmental hazard, was the greatest oil spill in the history of the world oil industry. The cause of the incident was the explosion of oil drilling equipment and the sinking in the sea. This case deprived 11 lives, wasting about 5 million barrels of oil and brought a serious threat to over 8,000 marine life. Despite purification work, these ecological losses may last for many years. This is the most notorious coastal dumping site in the United States and there are various pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorous rich pesticides, fertilizer, animal excrement. Pollutants come from the farm near the Mississippi River, and the number is very large.

How is this method used for the production of chemical technology products (fuel, solvent etc)? Sorting is to separate crude oil into various parts called fractions. A fractionation column is used to separate the crude oil which is initially heated at the bottom, which allows the hydrocarbon molecules to function very quickly and to separate from one another. Because the fractionation columns have different boiling points, the components in crude oil allow separation using fractional distillation. First similarity between petroleum and phosphate minerals: It is best to convert petroleum into plastic instead of burning oil for heating and transportation (= car). It is best to use sunlight (solar panel), wind and tide as a new sustainable energy source. As with this energy, it can be said that the worldwide supply of phosphorus minerals should not be used to produce biofuels but should be used to cultivate the world's population. The most important thing is to put all human and animal excrement back to the land. A few years ago, my dear friend Katinka and I made a movie "Save Our Children" and indirectly condemned the growing world population for good reason. Unfortunately, in the short term, oil and natural gas are also inexpensive, and the progress of energy conversion and phosphate conversion is delayed. That is why I think that the challenge to our sixth Kondratieff Wave will be unrelated to fertilizer and gasoline. Tinkebell - Save our children: (mineral) phosphate boxes are comparable to oil boxes. Learn now! It starts in every oil-producing region of the world. In 1973, DuPont scientists invented plastics that can withstand the pressure of pressurized liquids and plastic beverage bottles. PET plastic comes from petroleum - the same petroleum as our car is a limited resource. We will finally use it. In order to extract oil from the earth, the oil company is responsible for releasing the maximum amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the atmosphere. As oil becomes more difficult and labor intensive it just gets worse. This carbon dioxide is one of the main causes of climate change. The petroleum industry is the most contaminated industry in the world, and plastic production depends on the production volume of the petroleum industry. Plastics have a considerable carbon footprint and most disposable plastics are not recycled - many are not even recyclable. Plastic contamination causes serious damage to our ecosystem, especially our ocean. This effect is seen throughout the ecosystem. Reducing reliance on plastic has a big impact on the sustainability of your lifestyle. If you replace plastic food packaging with beeswax food packaging and kit, packaging of zero waste will be possible. If possible, choose unpackaged food items or find food packed in paper or cardboard.

"In addition, recovery and purification of oil is expected to be resumed after bad weather, these efforts are part of the Federal government-approved oil spill emergency response plan. (NOAA, 2010). In addition, BP established a fund to wipe out spills: "As a responsible party, BP needs to fund its response and recycling expenses, if necessary, the oil debt trust is also used as funds for expenses I can do it" Deepwater Horizon 's oil spill (also called BP oil spill) in the Gulf of Mexico is regarded as the biggest accidental offshore oil spill in the history of the oil industry. The oil spill was a direct result of the explosion and sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling equipment which took 11 lives. The total amount of oil was estimated at 9 million barrels. A huge crude oil carrier carrying the Liberian flag was divided into three, and 1,604,500 barrels (219,797 tons) of light crude oil and 4,000 tons of heavy oil were released, becoming the largest scale of oil spill at that time and became the largest scale. Loss of marine creatures recorded from oil spillage outflow Deepwater Horizon: In December 2010, the Deepwater Horizon rig exploded in the center of the Gulf of Mexico and collapsed, causing the biggest single oil spill ever. 87-day uncontrolled release (water mileage) of crude oil from the ocean floor caused unprecedented problems and environmental hazards. There are no technologies or mechanisms to control when an event occurs. Ultimately, the release of a controlled "capped stack" and the ability to install it in such a large water depth was developed "on the spot" in just a few months. This technology is an emergency measure for deep sea drilling work all over the world. The eleventh highest carbon emissions are BP and the CIF exceeds 18 million pounds. It is also the cause of leakage of oil to the Gulf of Mexico with the now infamous Deepwater Horizon oil petroleum, the biggest oil spill in the history of the oil industry. The US government estimated that 9 million barrels (210 million gallons) could not stop the flow after entering the water bay of the Gulf of Mexico. It was caused by a defective cement well. New Jersey invests millions of taxpayers on some of the world's most polluted companies As seen in the world of 2010, the deep sea oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico had devastating effects on the marine ecosystem as a whole and on the seaside-dependent population. Small oil spills occur every day due to excavation accidents and engine leaks, leading to the death of birds, marine mammals, algae, and fishes and shellfishes. The sea is an important nutrition source, especially for the poorest countries in the world. Many people rely on fish as a major source of protein, fishing and aquaculture directly or indirectly supporting the lives of about 540 million people (8% of the world population) . Overfishing, loss of biodiversity, species extinction may put pressure on these limited resources. This is the cause of conflict, including famine, increased poverty and war.

Factors normally attributable to current price increases include new geopolitical concerns in the Middle East, declining oil production capacity, agreed reductions by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, declines in the US dollar against other most important currencies, emerging markets Increase in demand from, and oil futures market included. Noteworthy expansion of temporary trading. Traders and speculators can benefit from these value changes by trading crude oil CFD (Kanter, 2008). But what was the cause? Most people accuse the 1973 oil crisis. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) announced the embargo on Western countries. This led to a sharp rise in crude oil prices worldwide, which raised the cost of goods and resulted in an increase in unemployment. Even though the financial crisis of 2007 - 2008 may pose a concern for economic stagnation again, there are few indications that the events of the 1970s will occur again. People are worried that the Fed's monetary policy and parliamentary fiscal policy (including economic stimulus measures) will lead to inflation and high consumption. Beyond data in the next October, price pressures will rise further. First of all, as the crisis took place in the Middle East, global crude oil prices rose in recent weeks. There is usually a time lag, but there is a possibility that the pump price will rise possibly by the end of November. Furthermore, according to Office data, in the past few months wage increase rate in rural formal sector continues to rise (Figure 6). Wage growth will further increase after the government announces that the lowest subsidy price for rabbin (winter) crops is the highest in the four years in mid-October. Oil prices rose sharply in the past few years. Despite rising crude oil prices, world economic growth is still strong in all regions of the world and is expected to continue for the next few years. Compared to the past few decades, the impact of crude oil price fluctuations on global economic growth has declined. When oil prices soared between 2003 and 2005, world production decreased by about 5% (EIA, 2008). The impact of oil on growth is amazing. Many companies are forced to adopt new oil prices, change the usage patterns of production factors, and eliminate unprofitable sectors. This will reduce the profitability of the industry. As the government strengthens protectionism on imports and exports, there is also the possibility of causing a global recession due to a decline in real assets. Especially in an economy with many monopolies, significant price fluctuations can occur.

Rising oil prices worldwide In the global economic world, oil price fluctuations are the main factor. According to analysts, the war between the US and Iraq is one of the reasons for the safety of the oil business, which is related to the influence of this energy in all production activities. Crude oil is always an important element of a diversified portfolio. This advantage further enhances the historical diversity of 2009/2010. As the Fed invests more funds into the system, crude oil prices may rise. This will improve investor performance while reducing the volatility of the portfolio in 2011. But what was the cause? Most people accuse the 1973 oil crisis. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) announced the embargo on Western countries. This led to a sharp rise in crude oil prices worldwide, which raised the cost of goods and resulted in an increase in unemployment. Even though the financial crisis of 2007 - 2008 may pose a concern for economic stagnation again, there are few indications that the events of the 1970s will occur again. People are worried that the Fed's monetary policy and parliamentary fiscal policy (including economic stimulus measures) will lead to inflation and high consumption. Beyond data in the next October, price pressures will rise further. First of all, as the crisis took place in the Middle East, global crude oil prices rose in recent weeks. There is usually a time lag, but there is a possibility that the pump price will rise possibly by the end of November. Furthermore, according to Office data, in the past few months wage increase rate in rural formal sector continues to rise (Figure 6). Wage growth will further increase after the government announces that the lowest subsidy price for rabbin (winter) crops is the highest in the four years in mid-October.

Factors normally attributable to current price increases include new geopolitical concerns in the Middle East, declining oil production capacity, agreed reductions by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, declines in the US dollar against other most important currencies, emerging markets Increase in demand from, and oil futures market included. Noteworthy expansion of temporary trading. Traders and speculators can benefit from these value changes by trading crude oil CFD (Kanter, 2008). But what was the cause? Most people accuse the 1973 oil crisis. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) announced the embargo on Western countries. This led to a sharp rise in crude oil prices worldwide, which raised the cost of goods and resulted in an increase in unemployment. Even though the financial crisis of 2007 - 2008 may pose a concern for economic stagnation again, there are few indications that the events of the 1970s will occur again. People are worried that the Fed's monetary policy and parliamentary fiscal policy (including economic stimulus measures) will lead to inflation and high consumption. Beyond data in the next October, price pressures will rise further. First of all, as the crisis took place in the Middle East, global crude oil prices rose in recent weeks. There is usually a time lag, but there is a possibility that the pump price will rise possibly by the end of November. Furthermore, according to Office data, in the past few months wage increase rate in rural formal sector continues to rise (Figure 6). Wage growth will further increase after the government announces that the lowest subsidy price for rabbin (winter) crops is the highest in the four years in mid-October. Oil prices rose sharply in the past few years. Despite rising crude oil prices, world economic growth is still strong in all regions of the world and is expected to continue for the next few years. Compared to the past few decades, the impact of crude oil price fluctuations on global economic growth has declined. When oil prices soared between 2003 and 2005, world production decreased by about 5% (EIA, 2008). The impact of oil on growth is amazing. Many companies are forced to adopt new oil prices, change the usage patterns of production factors, and eliminate unprofitable sectors. This will reduce the profitability of the industry. As the government strengthens protectionism on imports and exports, there is also the possibility of causing a global recession due to a decline in real assets. Especially in an economy with many monopolies, significant price fluctuations can occur.

The Ocean Ranger Ocean Ranger sank in Canada's waters 315 kilometers south east of St. John's Newfoundland on the Great Coast of Newfoundland on February 15, 1982, with 84 crewmembers aboard the offshore exploration oil drilling It is a device. The Ocean Ranger was the largest semi-submersible marine exploration and oil drilling equipment. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries built in Japan in 1976, operated near the coast of Alaska, New Jersey, Ireland, relocated to a large bank in November 1980. In January 1969, an oil well was blown off the coast of Santa Barbara. It threw 3 million gallons of toxic crude oil into the Pacific Ocean and oiled 35 miles away from the California beach. And killing birds and fish in the disaster of President Richard Nixon's "Touch the American conscience" disaster. Class In the following month, Congress passed Magna Carta of the National Environment Policy Act, Environmental Law. It requires environmental impact statements for key projects that require federal funds or Federal approval, and citizens have their views on protecting our air, water, wildlife and land I will assure you to assert. What is the impact on the environment? This is difficult to estimate. Since oil spill occurs in the deep sea a few miles away from the land, oil spills do not affect the coast like the disaster of Exxon Valdez years ago. Some oil clumps gather to form a tar ball. These tar balls can be washed on the beach and affect local wildlife. A thousand feet of floating oil was floating under the sea surface. The impact of this oil on deep sea life is not fully understood. There is a complex ecosystem in the deep part of the ocean but this may die due to oil flooding. Crude oil is the most dangerous and fastest cause of ocean worsening. However, only 12% of our oil entering the sea comes from oil spills. 36% of the oil found in our ocean is actually coming from the outflow of land. It brought the greatest damage to the marine ecosystem. Crude oil can disturb marine life, and ingestion may lead to disorientation and poisoning. For surviving creatures, this could lead to long-term problems that will cause them to never return to their natural habitat. Toxic metals also flood the sea from surface runoff. These metals can destroy the behavior of biochemistry, reproductive systems and marine organisms. Plastics and plankton can absorb these toxic metals. Unfortunately, smaller marine organisms mistake these toxic plastics as food or regularly eat plankton.

Importance of US oil production to determine US oil prices Introduction US oil production and prices have been fluctuating for a long time and whether the production will have a significant impact on oil prices between 1986 and 2005 It is necessary to judge. This analysis may be meaningful for the energy management department. The purpose of the committee and government planning oil price management and planning investment in oil production infrastructure. In the first half of the 20th century, it is important to know that major oil companies in developed countries have decided to price crude oil from the poorer countries, the selling price of oil and to limit it to all . This is part of a one-sided franchise agreement developed under most colonial rule. As this agreement is concluded, poor producers are limited to what they can do. However, after import restrictions were implemented in the United States, the dominant multinational oil company - the famous "7 sisters" - announced an opposite price cut of the last straw oil price. This obvious loss of income actually does not give real circumstances, as these same companies - seven sisters - supplement the lack of income from the sale of petroleum products, they will also dominate In the 20th century, the importance of this crude oil stock in this region increased its strategic and economic importance. Mass production of oil began around 1945, when Saudi Arabia, Iran, Kuwait, Iraq and the United Arab Emirates owned a large amount of oil. In particular the estimated oil reserves of Saudi Arabia and Iran are the world's highest oil reserves, and the international oil cartel OPEC is dominated by the Middle Eastern countries. During the Cold War, the Middle East was the ideological struggle between the two superpowers and their allies, on the one hand NATO and the United States, and on the other hand the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Treaty. In addition to political reasons, there are "clashes of ideology" between the two systems.

e) IT architecture: EDP was introduced in 1966 and replaced with a personal computer in 1986. As technology evolved, the IOCL decided to replace the mainframe with a distributed data processing environment in 1992. The first online transaction processing program was carried out in 1989. Main functions of each IOCL department are maintained by various legacy software systems such as Terminal Document Module (TDM), Financial Management System (FMS), Material Management System (MMS), Online Maintenance Inspection System (OMNIS). The refinery department and the pipeline department are in operation. India Petroleum Co., Ltd. (IOCL) is India's largest commercial ISO-9002 certified company, India's largest public sector company. India Petroleum Co., Ltd. Is the largest sales company in India with output of US $ 85.5 billion, profit of 2011 82 fiscal year 825 million dollars. IOCL is the first Indian company that ranked No. 83 on the recent Fortune Global 500 listing. Indian oil company is the 20th largest oil company in the world. IOCL was established as India Petroleum Co., Ltd. in 1959. In 1964, Indian Refining Co., Ltd. Merged with Indian Petroleum Co., Ltd. and established IOCL. Indian Petroleum Limited (IOCL) is India's largest oil company. He mainly engages in oil refining, crude oil and petroleum product pipeline, marketing of petroleum products and research and development. In addition, it is involved not only in sales of petroleum products and imported crude oil and natural gas but also in oil and gas exploration. IOCL is mainly active in India, but it is active in specific Asian and African countries. Our head office is located in New Delhi, India. The company manages 10 of the 20 refineries in India. IOCL pipeline network is 10, 329 km, annual capacity is 70.6 million metric tons. Indian Petroleum Limited (IOCL) is a state-owned oil company in the downstream industry. The Indian Oil Group owns and manages 10 of the 19 refineries in India with refining capacity of 2 million barrels per day. These include two refineries of subsidiary Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (CPCL) and refineries of Bongaigaon Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (BRPL). There are 10 refineries in Guwahati, Balawuni, Koyali, Haludia, Mathura, Diguboi, Panipat, Chennai, Narimanam, Bonigaigaon. The network of off-road crude oil and product pipeline of Indian oil is 9,300 kilometers. It has about 16, 455 and has the largest and most extensive network of gas stations and diesel stations in the country.

Rising oil prices worldwide In the global economic world, oil price fluctuations are the main factor. According to analysts, the war between the US and Iraq is one of the reasons for the safety of the oil business, which is related to the influence of this energy in all production activities. Crude oil is always an important element of a diversified portfolio. This advantage further enhances the historical diversity of 2009/2010. As the Fed invests more funds into the system, crude oil prices may rise. This will improve investor performance while reducing the volatility of the portfolio in 2011. But what was the cause? Most people accuse the 1973 oil crisis. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) announced the embargo on Western countries. This led to a sharp rise in crude oil prices worldwide, which raised the cost of goods and resulted in an increase in unemployment. Even though the financial crisis of 2007 - 2008 may pose a concern for economic stagnation again, there are few indications that the events of the 1970s will occur again. People are worried that the Fed's monetary policy and parliamentary fiscal policy (including economic stimulus measures) will lead to inflation and high consumption. Beyond data in the next October, price pressures will rise further. First of all, as the crisis took place in the Middle East, global crude oil prices rose in recent weeks. There is usually a time lag, but there is a possibility that the pump price will rise possibly by the end of November. Furthermore, according to Office data, in the past few months wage increase rate in rural formal sector continues to rise (Figure 6). Wage growth will further increase after the government announces that the lowest subsidy price for rabbin (winter) crops is the highest in the four years in mid-October.

Not only will prices of natural gas and oil change, but all other prices will also rise. The cost of living and the way people live is affected by these rising expenses. In this article I will explain the various influences that these prices have on my daily life. The way to change everyone's lifestyle is transportation expenses and project cost. The price of natural gas has changed dramatically over the years, and the cost seems to be increasing, it does not change. High crude oil prices are due to high crude oil prices. Because oil costs make up 72% of gasoline price. The remaining 28% comes from distribution, refining and taxation. As crude oil prices rise, it can be expected that crude oil prices will rise after six weeks. On May 10, 2018, world oil price reached 80 dollars per barrel. Formerly, the US decided to withdraw from Iran's nuclear agreement and resume sanctions. Iranian production is expected to decline. In addition, production in Libya and Venezuela is facing restrictions. After the Meeting of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries on November 30, 2017, oil prices also rose. Members agreed to reduce production by 2018. The US Energy Information Bureau predicts oil prices will be $ 73 per barrel in the second half of 2018 and $ 69 per barrel in 2019. In recent years, the income of oil and natural gas accounts for nearly half of the Russian state budget. Along with the rise in oil prices, the prices of oil and gas stabilized, and the price of natural gas fell. This correlation is weak for a particular period, it becomes stronger in other periods, but it will persist over time. As crude oil prices rise, the government budget will increase and Russia will invest in infrastructure, social programs, and defense investment. On the other hand, due to the depreciation of crude oil, the national budget has fallen in proportion to the price decline. Therefore, the most obvious impact of crude oil price on the Russian economy is to reduce or expand the government budget. According to the US Energy Information Administration, the most obvious natural gas price determinant - crude oil cost comes from crude oil. Fluctuations in natural gas prices tend to track fluctuations in crude oil prices - natural gas prices have also declined as crude oil prices fall to the lowest level each year. The decline in crude oil prices is a result of rapid growth in North America, hesitation for Saudi Arabia 's production cutbacks, and a decline in demand in Asia. For the reason why crude oil price fell by 25% in the summer of 2014, please refer to the explanation of the monitor that crude oil price fell sharply.

Since the mid-20th century, crucial importance of crude oil in supplying global energy demand has become one of the major indicators of world economic activity. Even after the emergence of alternative energy sources such as the sun, water and wind, the importance of crude as the main source of energy remains undeniable. The rapid rise in oil prices worldwide and fluctuations in exchange rates are regarded as factors hindering economic growth. There are various empirical literature on the relationship between the change in crude oil price and economic growth. Especially after Hamilton's study in 1983, a negative correlation between macroeconomic activity and crude oil price has been widely accepted. He pointed out that the price of crude oil rose and the production of the US fell from 1948 to 1980. Hamilton's research results have been confirmed and expanded by many authors and researchers. Hooker (1996) confirmed and expanded Hamilton's research between 1948 and 1972 and proved that the level of crude oil price and its change reflects the impact on GDP growth. In the third and fourth quarter after the shock, a 10% rise in crude oil prices resulted in a 0.6% drop in GDP growth. Therefore, Li et al. The result of Granger's causality test proves that Lunge's crude oil price caused the US economy before 1973, but Granger's reason is no longer discovered from 1973 to 1994. There are various empirical literature investigating the relationship between economic growth and volatility of crude oil price. Hamilton's research in 1983 showed that the rise in crude oil prices resulted in a decline in US production growth between 1948 and 1980, so a negative correlation between crude oil prices and macroeconomic activities was widely accepted It has been. Hamilton's results have been confirmed and promoted by many other researchers. Hooker (1996) confirmed the results of Hamilton and proved that the oil price level and its change between 1948 and 1972 had an impact on GDP growth. This was reflected in a 10% rise in crude oil prices, which resulted in a 0.6% drop in GDP growth rate in the third and fourth quarter after the shock. Therefore, Mork (1989), Lee et al. Granger's causality test results confirmed that the Granger crude oil price caused the US economy before 1973, but it was no longer caused by Granger from 1973 to 1994.

Summary of Simmons and its oil and gas prospects Oil Simmons reported that the average price of crude oil in 2000 was 24 WTI, in 2001 it was 21 WTI, 1 in Q28, 2 Q00 in 24 dollars, 3 Q 00 in 23 Q, . In 2001, they saw a dollar for 1Q01, $ 20 for 2Q01, $ 21 for 3Q01, and $ 21 for 4Q01. Their papers depend on stock price dependency as follows. Crude oil inventory is the lowest in the long run, OECD inventory is nearly 23 million barrels, US inventories are well below 6.4 million barrels. All US gasoline and distilled oil stocks recorded record lows of 200 barrels and less than 1 million barrels, respectively. Please briefly summarize the role of Vopak. Established more than 400 years ago, the company stores petroleum, chemicals and natural gas in large white tanks at 66 ports around the world. Their customers include major petrochemical companies. "In fact, there is the same business model as the hotel," explains Katan. "We released capacity, customers rented a tank and transported or picked up cargo with ships, pipes, railroads and trucks.The product was brought into the tank through the dock or landing phase. " Ambiguity 1: Oil Company Most of the oil companies sell the produced oil and natural gas. Because I have technical bias on natural gas, I will explain "natural gas and oil companies". Gas fields can be designed more accurately than oil fields, especially if the gas remains "dry", and water and condensate do not stay. But people pay more for petroleum energy than natural gas. Salmon roe? The iPod application for my oil and gas says that today's price is 72 dollars per barrel and 3.80 mcra ly. My iPod application PCalc Lite discovered that customers currently pay about three times as much petroleum energy as natural gas, using about 6 Mcf / BOE (barrel oil conversion): ~ ($ 72 / Barrel × 1 barrel) / ($ 3.8 / Mcf) × 6 Mcf / bbl). Natural gas is a cleaner fossil fuel and we can design these things better than petroleum. One day, natural gas may become a preferred fossil fuel, which requires a higher energy price than petroleum.

We encourage you to use comments to interact with users, share your thoughts, and ask authors and other users. However, in order to maintain high level discourse, we respect and expect, remember the following criteria: Do not monopolize the dialogue. We appreciate passion and belief, but we also believe that everyone has the opportunity to express their ideas. Therefore, in addition to exchanging citizens, we hope commentators can present their opinions in a concise and thoughtful way, but others do not have problems or get angry. We will reserve the right to prohibit them from entering the site without resorting, if we receive complaints about individuals who took over topics or forums. Victims of spam and exploit are removed from the site and registration at Investing.com is prohibited at that discretion. Brent and WTI are the two major trading categories of crude oil and are the two major benchmarks of global oil price setting, but in recent years Brent has been increasingly selected as a benchmark. According to ICE futures, it is estimated that 60% of crude oil traded worldwide is cheaper than Brent crude. Before explaining the importance of Brent and WTI to the futures market, you should look at the difference between them. Although Brent originally referred to oil extracted from the Brent oil field in the North Sea off the coast of England, for various reasons it refers to four different crude oil grades extracted from various wells in the North Sea - a mixture with Osberg Ekofisk (aka BFOE). Mixing these four types of oil actually makes Brent oil heavier, but it is still considered to be relatively lightweight and low in sulfur content. The second most important reference price of Brent crude. Brent crude originally came from 15 oil fields in the North Sea, but it is an international standard for crude oil prices. Its usage far exceeds the price of WTI as a benchmark, especially outside the United States. The density and sulfur content of Brent and WTI are slightly different, but the difference is relatively small. Prior to 2011, the prices of the two spot crude oils rose almost. As WTI and Brent crude are basically the same product, this may not be surprising. A standard economic model of product pricing can predict that arbitrage transactions will eliminate price differences between two oil prices. If the market price of a certain market (such as Market A) is higher than the other market (Market B), in principle, you can purchase the item on Market B and resell it at Market A. When the two prices are different

Introduction Malaysia's oil and petroleum industry is operated under an oligopolistic market structure. Petronas and Shell are famous companies that produce and sell oil in Malaysia. Established on August 17, 1974, PETRONAS is an oil company in Malaysia that owns and manages Malaysia's oil resources completely. For many years, Petronas "grew into a fully integrated oil and gas company and was selected as the largest company in the Global Fortune 500 company" (Petronas, 2014). The petroleum industry includes global exploration, mining, refining, transportation (usually through tankers and pipelines), and advertising processes for petroleum products. The main products in the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (gasoline). Petroleum (petroleum) is a raw material for many chemical products as well as pharmaceuticals, solvents, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, plastics. This industry is usually divided into three major components: upstream, midstream and downstream. Processing / refining: The processing and refining business will convert crude oil and natural gas to marketable products. In the case of crude oil, these products include kerosene, gasoline for automobiles, jet fuel, diesel. Purification processes include distillation, vacuum distillation, catalytic reforming, catalytic cracking, alkylation, isomerization and hydroprocessing. Several industries are acting amazingly. Oil industry in the world is often defined as oil exploration, refining, transportation (tankers and pipelines), sales of mining and petroleum products. A wide range of industrial products, including crude oil and other related derivatives known as petroleum products, and products used in the petrochemical industry. Industry classification is divided into five divisions: upstream, downstream, ship, pipeline, supply and service (Kakada, 2014). The oil industry in the world can drive most of the engine properly expressed as the world economic development. In today's international market, the most attractive product transactions are rough. For more than a century, crude oil was the main energy source of the world. The petroleum industry is said to be the most periodic activity and supplies more than 70% of world energy demand (Unknown, 2014).

April 6 - A good news for consumers is that the price of natural gas is expected to drop this summer. But the bad news is that recession will be delayed. With the increase in international petroleum production, the Department of Energy has greatly adjusted the forecast of summer gasoline prices. According to government agencies, prices will peak in the second half of the month and will begin to fall in May. Average 1.46 dollars per gallon during the summer. Even cheap fall prices have better news: According to agencies, gasoline prices may continue to fall. April 2014: Prices rose in April 2014 as domestic oil prices rose to $ 101 a barrel. Domestic crude oil prices are based on the reference grade West Texas Intermediate. The rise in crude oil prices is due to the new pipeline from Oklahoma's Cushing Storage Center, which reduced inventories to the lowest level since November 2009. Also, imported crude oil prices (Brent Brent crude oil grade) rose to 110 dollars per barrel. This is due to political instability in Ukraine, Nigeria and Iraq. The EIA predicts that the national average price will stay at $ 3.60 per gallon by May After the collapse of the Soviet Union, economic production declined for several consecutive years, but recovered in the mid 2000s. Belarus has very little crude oil reserves and imports crude oil and natural gas from Russia. These will subsidize the amount below the market price. Belarus is getting export revenue by refining crude oil in Russia and selling it at market price. Russia and Belarus have big differences in Russian energy prices and quantities. From the beginning of 2016, Russia claimed that Belarus started accumulating debt and reached $ 740 million in April 2017. In April 2017, Belarus agreed to repay the natural gas debt and Russia resumed oil flow Rising crude oil prices - As I mentioned in this article on April 19, crude oil prices have risen to the highest level since 2014. Given that crude oil is the main raw material for refining, a drastic rise in crude oil price will inevitably lead to a rise in pump price. In the last article, I explained in detail the reasons for the current rise in crude oil price. Summer Mixed Gasoline Requirements - Under the regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) aimed at managing and reducing atmospheric ozone, refineries need to manufacture gasoline "winter mixture" and "summer mixture". The transition from winter mixing to summer mixing occurs every spring, and the fact is that summer mixed production is more expensive than winter mixing production.

Last year, after Hurricane Harvey closed one quarter of the refining capacity of the United States and demand for crude oil shrank, US crude oil began trading at a lower price than international standard Brent crude. This discount helps to make US crude more attractive to overseas refiners and to boost US exports to the past 2,000,000 barrels last fall. In the United States, coal-fired power generation and coal production are expected to continue to decline by 2022 as power plants continue to retire due to pressure from natural gas power generation. According to the Environmental Impact Assessment, almost all new power generation in the United States will be done from 2022 onwards from natural gas power plants, renewable energy sources such as wind power generation and solar farms. Brent and WTI are the two major trading categories of crude oil and are the two major benchmarks of global oil price setting, but in recent years Brent has been increasingly selected as a benchmark. According to ICE futures, it is estimated that 60% of crude oil traded worldwide is cheaper than Brent crude. Before explaining the importance of Brent and WTI to the futures market, you should look at the difference between them. Although Brent originally referred to oil extracted from the Brent oil field in the North Sea off the coast of England, for various reasons it refers to four different crude oil grades extracted from various wells in the North Sea - a mixture with Osberg Ekofisk (aka BFOE). Mixing these four types of oil actually makes Brent oil heavier, but it is still considered to be relatively lightweight and low in sulfur content.

Introduction Since heavy crude oil transport is energy intensive and capital intensive, it is in a competitive situation. Due to the low API specific gravity (20 ° to 10 °) and the high viscosity (200 to 10 000 CP), the flow of oil through the pipe is very difficult. According to Chevron-Phillips, the weight of crude oil is due to the low proportion of high molecular weight nonparaffinic compounds and paraffin. The geological origin of heavy crude is at shallow depth and is the result of improper degradation of kerogen by temperature gradient. Extra heavy or crude bitumen extracted from the oil sands is a very viscous semisolid oil and does not flow easily at ambient temperature and therefore it is difficult to transport to the market in pipelines. To flow through the oil pipeline, you need to upgrade to a lighter synthetic crude (SCO), or mix with a diluent to form a diluent or to lower the viscosity. In Canadian oil sands, the bitumen produced by open pit mini is usually upgraded on site and supplied as synthetic crude oil. This makes it very easy to transport oil to the market through traditional oil pipelines. Meanwhile, the bitumen produced in the field project is not normally upgraded and will be put into the market in its original form. If the medicine used to upgrade the bitumen to synthetic crude is not produced in the field, it must be supplied and shipped to the upgrade site from other places. For the benefit of petroleum distributors, in 2004 the western Canadian producer created a new benchmark crude called Western Canada Select (WCS). The state of Mexican Maya is similar, or Venezuela heavy crude. The API gravity of this heavy oil is 19 to 21, which contains a large amount of bitumen and synthetic crude oil but still flows through the pipeline and is classified as "traditional heavy oil" by the government. This mixture is imported into hundreds of thousands of barrels per day in addition to large amounts of crude oil bitumen and synthetic oil (SCO) from oil sands. Introduction Since heavy crude oil transport is energy intensive and capital intensive, it is in a competitive situation. Due to the low API specific gravity (20 ° to 10 °) and the high viscosity (200 to 10 000 CP), the flow of oil through the pipe is very difficult. According to Chevron-Phillips, the weight of crude oil is high due to the high molecular weight nonparaffin compounds and the low proportion of paraffin.

Most of the greatest petroleums in the world do not like monopolies. People do not like monopolies because they are inefficiently constructed and produce fewer than the needs of consumers. John D. Rockefeller was a good example of a monopolist from 1880 to 1911. At that time, most people did not like the standard oil company of his company and wanted to end it (Michelle). 1870, J. D. Rockefeller established the standard oil company. Immediately after the birth of the company, Rockefeller began to integrate other refinery levels into his company. Rockefeller is a gorgeous, married snake oil salesman and a son of a godly and stubborn mother who was born from the original land and became the world's wealthiest man by creating the most powerful and scary monopoly in the United States I was born. . This trust, known as "octopus" by a number of gangsters, refines and sells almost 90% of the oil in the United States. Frank Ryan believes that cooperation rather than competition is a factor of natural selection. For example, dependence on pollinating insects and birds on the flowering plan is symbiotic or cooperative. By combining symbiosis and Darwin's theory, we can understand nature more accurately. Offshore drilling, including the Deepwater Horizon oil spill incident in 2010, caused the largest human-induced natural disasters at the time. The disaster of dumping over 200 million gallons of crude oil to the Gulf of Mexico harms the economy from Mississippi to Florida and threatens wildlife to such a bad level. I am aware of the bipartisan New England Coast Protection Act banning offshore drilling on the New England coast and the reverse drilling method of Clean auro and safe tourism (COAST) banning the drilling of offshore oil and gas in the Atlantic Ocean We assisted introduction. These commonsense bills clearly indicate that our coast is a restricted area. They represent views of both parties, provincial elected officials, businesses, scientists and citizens who condemn the government's proposal.

Existing pump systems are still controlled manually because most oil pump units (OPUs) are distributed in barren hills, mountainous areas, and deserts due to oil well exploration and the special nature of oil drilling . Frequent manual control in a harsh oil field environment has serious drawbacks such as confirmation of the status of OPU and collection of analysis of health condition. Petroleum production declined as oil production declined as it was difficult to position and repair within a reasonable period of time. Standard oil: Reduce US crude oil price, improve oil quality and safety. Because petroleum is the lifeblood of the industrial society, by making it cheaper and better, John D Rockefeller injects more blood into Industrial America, accelerating the process of industrialization, and improving the economic power of the United States It accelerated. On August 27, 1859, Edwin Drake discovered oil in an oil field near the Titus building in Pennsylvania. He found oil on the ground and was able to pump that oil to the ground. The oil well draws oil into a bucket made of wood. This method of drilling petroleum is still used around the world in the area where oil is found below the surface of the earth. Currently, oil and natural gas are excavated from the basement, pumped up by oil drilling equipment, and transported by pipeline or ship. Prior to 1860, oil was in an abnormal state, sometimes foaming to the ground, acting as a lubricant, or as a lighting fixture. In the late nineteenth century, Edwin Drake cut the first oil field in Titusville, Pennsylvania and opened the era of oil production. The development and popularity of this century's automobile has provided a stable customer market for gasoline, one of the byproducts of petroleum. Therefore, it is the birth of the world's richest industry. This well is currently more than 20,000 feet from the ground, releasing "Black Gold" from the ground. The future of petroleum engineers will be affected by two factors: short-term oil surplus (appears only within the next 12 months) and inevitably long-term competition of oil depletion. In the short term, the demand of oil engineers should be weak for the ongoing production of oil wells and cheap foreign oil substitutes for cheap and sufficient existing oil stocks.

The transportation industry relies on petroleum to maintain the operation of roads, railways, shipping, aviation networks. As time goes by, oil is getting exhausted, leading to price increases. This research paper will detail in detail the impact of rising oil prices on the transportation industry and its solutions. Petroleum is the main driving force behind the transportation industry because there is no other alternative that can be cleanly or safely transported. Biofuels exist in the market, but unfortunately there is no viable way to harvest enough biofuels to meet world oil demand. Oil accounts for the majority of agricultural production, and in developed countries there is high demand for mechanization and export. The rise in crude oil prices has a direct impact on the transportation costs of domestic agricultural products. When crude oil prices are $ 60 a barrel, people use biofuels to diversify to reduce production costs (Schmidhuber, 2006). The use of biofuels will increase raw material costs such as wheat, soybeans and palm oil by encouraging the government. In the future, demand for biofuels will increase transportation and over 95% will require transport (Fulton, Howes, & Hardy, 2004). However, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) provides an international agricultural commodity trade policy analysis model (IMPACT) to develop food demand, supply and safety by 2020 (Rosegrant, 2008). The impact of rising crude oil prices and agricultural prices on inflation is evident at the retail price of energy and food, but the high prices of petroleum and other raw materials were higher than non - energy and non - food prices. So far, finished products and services seem to be limited. However, as companies are facing continued high input prices, it is possible that they are trying to pass these costs to the prices of end products and services. In addition, as the foreign currency value of the US dollar declined, the rise in import prices brought significant upward pressure on corporate costs and consumer prices. In the economic forecast of the FOMC meeting in June, monetary policy makers as a whole predicted inflation in 2008. In addition, as the current high inflation level continues, it is possible that the public may bring up expectations for long-term inflation. Firstly, rising natural gas prices is important information in almost all manufacturing processes, and most consumer products and industrial products will cause price increases. That is inflation. For example, transport costs increase as the price of natural gas rises. The raw materials must be shipped to the factory before becoming the final product, and all final products need to be shipped to retail stores that can be purchased by consumers. Therefore, the increase in shipping costs directly increases to the price of consumer goods. In addition, the surge in crude oil prices is generally attributable to the soaring price of crude oil. This is the most important raw material for chemical products such as nylon and synthetic polymers which are input materials of most industrial products. Therefore, the surge in crude oil prices also leads to higher prices for industrial products. Universal inflation is unavoidable

Now let's stop lying on oil like a rainbow falling to the ground. As a child I always wish for more beautiful whirlpools to deform to the ground. When it rained, people knew that oil movement had already made me feel that I lost my opinion of my time. A few minutes after midnight on March 24, 1989, Exxon Valdez Super Tanker collided with a coral reef of Prince William Sound, Alaska. VLCC tankers can carry 2 million barrels (320,000 cubic meters) of crude oil. This is about 8 times the leak of well-known Exxon Valdez oil. In this accident, in March 1989 the ship rolled over and dumped 260,000 barrels of oil (41,000 cubic meters) into the sea. Scientists, managers and volunteers have been murdered for over 400,000 seabirds, about 1,000 sea otters and numerous fish. . But considering the amount of oil transported by sea, tanker owners often claim that industry safety records are very good and that the proportion of shipped oil is negligible. The International Tanker Shipowners' Association said, "The accidental oil spill over the past 10 years was at a record low of 1 / 10th of a tenth or a tenth of the past, more than doubled " Because the time of oil is known, oil spills are also known. Oil spill is the release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbons into the environment by human activity and is regarded as a form of pollution. It refers to the oil spill of the oceans, which is mainly released into the ocean and coastal waters. Oil spill involves oil spills from tankers, oil drilling equipment, offshore platforms, etc. In addition, oil may enter from penetration of natural oil. There are three main modes of oil spill and transport of petroleum products. The first is smooth () surface transport. This is very important as thickness, shape, and position affect the ability of dispersants to act on them. The next step is vertical transport (initial dilution of dispersed oil is done) (). The last step is horizontal underground transport, which completely dilutes the oil. ()

At first glance, the audience will notice that the three grazing camels in a very hot and dry environment. By looking at the three more closely, the audience will notice the style of the clothing they are wearing. All three men in the picture were dressed in robbery similar to some kind of hat, similar to dishshasha and shalwar kameez worn by Muslim men. In the context of the photographs, audiences will notice evolving cities of many infrastructures under construction. At that time, when you think about oil, you think about the Middle East, but today the prosperity of oil and gas is worldwide. If oil supply exceeds demand, oil prices will decline. This is bad for consumers, but it is difficult for companies in the oil industry. A sharp decline in crude oil price may disrupt the world market and may shake the world economy. There is a flies on the spot. There is what is called Kessler's syndrome or collision cascade. And that is a nightmare scene for space activities. This is due to the theory that if you shoot too many spacecraft and satellites, enough fragments are driven into the orbit, the satellite begins to vibrate, chain reactions occur, basically entering into low earth orbit is. In the 1950s, Texas, Russia, Middle East, and Mexico in the 1980s, the oil boom overflowed the market and ultimately led to the collapse of the oil bubble. This time, due to the expansion of supply of shale oil business from Texas State and North Dakota State, we currently deal with over production and high debt levels. Texas oil demand is high. This is due to the 1973 oil export organization embargo and the 1979 oil crisis. As a result, oil production in Texas increased. When oil producers in the Middle East increased production in the 1980s, oil prices fell and Texas was in a difficult economic state. State leaders are committed to diversifying the Texas economy to avoid similar problems. When the unemployment rate was low at the end of the 1970s, the real estate demand was strong and the building area expanded. The unemployment rate rose in the early 1980s due to energy crisis and bank scandal, real estate demand declined. By the early 1990s, economic conditions improved and real estate demand improved.

This is due to increased resource development and other departments. In this sense, the Norwegian government fulfills the needs of the oil industry and other industries well. Hsieh (2012) confirmed this and said, "The GPFG wealth fund mainly invests outside Norway by law and the maximum annual retirement rate is 4%. With these two measures, Norway avoids and maintains ultra-high inflation Traditional industry "Government has succeeded in maintaining reasonable stability of service sector" wood, fishery, shipping "(Wankel, 2009). There are a lot of oil in Norway. For this purpose, Norway founded its own oil company called "Norwegian National Oil Company". Oil is on the land. Land belongs to Norwegian people and resources are from Norwegian people. It will be a steal. So the Norwegian approach is unprecedented. We have not only established our own oil company. I told other companies that it would be possible if I wanted to drill oil in Norway. However, we will charge a tax of 70% when we return. At first this was awful. But they are still here. That logic is reasonable. This is somewhat similar to that of McDonald 's. McDonald's said: "You can come and sell to my hamburger. Then you can keep a small profit, but most people go to the company because it is a company that owns the product Indeed, when you think about it, will I say that 70% is too few? While I was staying in Norway, I wanted to know Norway's wealth and one of the reasons for its technological progress. Approximately 5 million people make up 148,747 square miles just because Norway is a small oil and gas-rich country, but in Tanzania there are about 364,898 square miles of oil and gas reserves undeveloped do you have? So, I decided to visit a school called Jonsberg in Hedmark, eastern Norway, located in Stanger, 120 km north of Oslo. It was a high school, founded in 1847. The vice president of the school who was engaged in agricultural education in Uganda was an English teacher at the school and a doctorate degree at Dar es Salaam University. Let me interview the supervision and education system of Norway. According to the Oil and Gas Journal (OGJ), as of January 1, 2009, Norway has a proven oil reserves of 7 billion barrels, the largest oil reserves in Western Europe. In 2009, Norway produced approximately 2,067 million barrels per day (bbl / day) and consumed approximately 220.2 million barrels per day (Figure 9). Although there is a tendency to indicate that oil production is decreasing since 2004, good news tend to be consumed, but the new development of the Barents Sea and the increase in production in existing areas have recently been on the downward trend We will offset. In 2008, Norway was the world's sixth largest exporter of petroleum, with exports of approximately 25 million barrels per day. According to EIA data, the export of Norway crude oil and petroleum products in 2008 is estimated at 25 million barrels per day from 34 million barrels per day in 2007. According to the Norwegian Bureau of Statistics, the amount of crude oil exported only in 2008 was 83 million barrels. / d

Michael Clair 's Blood and Oil Michael Clair wrote an interesting and highly relevant book about oil politics, the foreign policy of the United States, the causes of the Middle East and terrorism. His writing purpose is obvious. In other words, it is a big mistake that US oil "securitization" and intention to exercise power to secure oil supply is a big mistake. Michael Klare, author of "Blood and Oil", emphasized that the global energy crisis is getting worse. Since the beginning of 2011, the population demonstration in the Middle East indirectly caused the soaring price of crude oil, Japan's crisis challenged the safety of nuclear power generation, and drought reduced the energy of hydroelectric power generation. As Claire points out, the need to gain more energy irreversibly damages the Earth and causes climate change. (Tom's schedule) Michael Clair 's Blood and Oil Michael Clair wrote an interesting and highly relevant book about oil politics, the foreign policy of the United States, the causes of the Middle East and terrorism. His writings purpose is obvious, it is a big mistake to think that it is a big mistake that its willingness to use power to obtain oil supply "securitization" of the United States and oil supply is a big mistake - Brad Brothers essay Willie Russell Blaming Johnstone who wants the audience, she agreed to take her one child away. Drama and language skills that Willie Russell uses to influence the audience 's mood. Brad Brother is a musical in the 1970s. Mrs Johnstone has seven children and I am looking forward to waiting for the twins, but she can not take care of them.

Established in 1902, Pacific Petroleum is the leader in the manufacture of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) for petroleum products. This product is the main product line of Pacific Oil and is a major component of plastic manufacturing used in many products. In 1979, the Pacific Oil Company signed an important contract with oil dependence and established a good partnership for many years. Reliant is one of the largest and most valuable customers in the Pacific. PasicOil wants to renegotiate the current contract with Reliant with the goal of extending it until it expires. Chevron dates back to 1879 when oil was discovered in the Pico Canyon, California. As a result of this discovery, Pacific Coast Oil Company was founded and later became California Standard Oil Company. Because it is known today, in the merger with Gulf oil in 1984, the standard oil became Chevron. Merger with Gulf Oil Company. Chevron's petroleum and natural gas reserves have nearly doubled, Chevron became a big energy company today and made major progress (Biographiq Business Profile 2008, p. 4). However, Chevron has not yet been completed and continues to expand its domain through further integration. In 2001, Chevron merged with Texas Fuel Company in Beaumont, Texas. In 2005 I also bought Unocal and confirmed the position as a leader in the energy industry. Through these acquisitions, their natural gas and oil reserves have dramatically increased worldwide (Qontro 2008, p. 12). Chevron is one of the world's largest oil and gas companies, with headquarters in California. The company was founded in Los Angeles in 1879 when oil was first discovered. It is named Pacific Coastal Oil and later became a standard oil, now Chevron. There are 60,000 people in the world. Like Tullow Oil, Chevron's CSR is based on value as a guide to action. Chevron works in a socially responsible and ethical way, respects the law, supports human rights, protects the environment, and brings benefits to the community. (Www.chevron.com, page 3). Several CSR activities are as follows. In January 1969, an oil well was blown off the coast of Santa Barbara. It threw 3 million gallons of toxic crude oil into the Pacific Ocean and oiled 35 miles away from the California beach. And killing birds and fish in the disaster of President Richard Nixon's "Touch the American conscience" disaster. Class In the following month, Congress passed Magna Carta of the National Environment Policy Act, Environmental Law. It requires environmental impact statements for key projects that require federal funds or Federal approval, and citizens have their views on protecting our air, water, wildlife and land I will assure you to assert.

Kollias et al. (S & P 500, DAX, FTSE 100 (2011)) used the nonlinear BEKK-GARCH model to study how war and terrorism affect the co-distribution of crude oil price and the four major stock indexes , CAC 40). While the terrorist attacks had a temporary impact on the prices of oil, DAX and CAC, while the S & P 500 and FTSE 100 indices were greatly affected, while war had a long-term impact on covariance I found out there was nothing. It is a market that is efficient enough to withstand the effects of terrorist attacks. Over the past 15 years, many fate predictors have demanded the end of the stock market, the end of the dollar, or an oil price of $ 300 per year. Recently, the 2012 stock market crash has been required since 2012. This will become a more serious mother of all collapse than the Great Depression, the dollar will worsen further. I am an economist who got a bachelor's degree in mathematics and want to analyze data, so I tried other programs. In the second half we will try out some scenarios, but here we introduce a simple scenario. I will use the number of people over the age of 18 (including those over 65 years old) as an approximate estimate of the stock buyer and use the estimated number of non-employed persons after retirement as an estimate. . Seller's inventory My idea is very simple. Looking at how stock prices fell over the last two years and how it responds to the daily fluctuations in crude oil prices, I decided that the market believes that the market is strongly related . Calculating this correlation ratio at different points in this period shows the superficial relationship between at least two prices. This is the case when crude oil price rises from current $ 37 per barrel (such as $ 45). The stock price of Seadrill will rise to 27 dollars. There is a need to supplement their bet, many short sellers may be squeezed at the moment, it may lead to a price rise To put it briefly, the world market has recently been bumpy. Apple's revenue was $ 75.9 billion, but it fell short of expectations and the stock price fell. It is expected that Iranian oil will enter the market, supply will increase, oil prices will fall further. This is not good for Tesla, is this a good thing for consumers as a whole, will you save money you might use to buy more? Most of the stocks seem to be in the red, so the market does not think so. Then a negative article appeared in Bitcoin with the previous evangelist the next day ... you guessed it: btc is cheaper, 10%

On April 10, 2011, an oil field exploded in the Gulf of Mexico. An explosion killed eleven crew members, and the rig sank to the ocean floor. As a result, an estimated 18 to 18.5 billion gallons of petroleum has flowed into the bay. Until July 15, 2010, until the oil is contained and no longer flows. The bay is almost covered with crude oil. Leakage caused a number of effects, many of which were environmental impacts. The animals had to swim through the oil and the birds that fell into them could no longer fly due to the heavy oil on their wings. During the oil spill crisis in the Gulf region in 2010, the federal authorities clung to the straws, and due to his deep sea experience, James Cameron called the group of real scientists. After all, the director became an expert on remote vehicle technology and underwater photography. Okay, you will say, is not it? One of the garbage was a small mountain of a rusty old key that did not appear in the voyage, and left the observer of the official iceberg without entering the binocular telescope cabinet. After 100 years they sold £ 90,000. Other artifacts issued at the auction this week include original tickets, lounge chairs, old telegraph, etc. Tens of thousands of cash are provided to the owner. Gulf oil spill was regarded as the most serious oil spill in US history. On April 20, 2010, the oil drilling equipment of the Deepwater Horizon of Mexico exploded and sunk, and within a few days of the death of 11, underwater cameras were brought to light by the BP pipeline about 42 miles from the coast of Louisiana, I showed that I was leaking gas. The bottom of the sea. When oil wells were blocked on July 15, 2010 (after 87 days), an estimated 3.19 million barrels of oil leaked into the bay. Wells are located more than 5000 feet below the surface of the deep ocean - a permanent dark environment is characterized by a constant low temperature and extremely high pressure above the freezing point. Scientists divide the ocean into at least three regions and the deep ocean occupies about three quarters of the total ocean volume of the earth. In the first Gulf War, the Iraqi army in Kuwait destroyed more than 700 oil wells and flooded 60 million barrels of oil. The average temperature dropped by 10 ° C as soot blocked the sun during combustion. Millions of barrels were released into the Persian Gulf, causing the largest oil spill in history and harming local wildlife and habitats. Militarism and conflicts that cause environmental damage are signs of major problems that people can be divided into hierarchical systems (countries, etc.). Countries around the world prioritize their own safety over other countries. Some countries such as the United States are abandoned for expansion, so security is regarded as dominant hegemon country.

On 20th April 2010, the BP PLC was bombarded and incinerated at the Deepwater Horizon drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico and was sunk after 36 hours, 11 people died and 17 people were injured. On April 24, an uncontrolled oil well began to leak for 87 days, about 1 million barrels of oil flowed into the Gulf of Mexico and its pollution spread to five coastal states. This is the most serious oil spill in the history of the United States, which is said to be a national disaster in the United States. BP called for seriously insufficient plans to respond to the oil spill incident in the Gulf of Mexico. Most of these are versatile materials created by contractors who do not fit in the Gulf region at all. For example, the plan states "biological resources that do not exist in the bay including sea lion, sea otter, and walrus", but "the MMS office in the Gulf of Mexico has approved the BP program without additional analysis" . Oil spills can be avoided and lack of regulatory monitoring is essential to their occurrence. The accident was "caused by obvious mistake made by Haliburton and Trans Ocean for the first time, and government officials were too dependent on industry claims on its operational safety, but developed a supervising plan Failed to do so and set it on the ground to reduce the danger of deep sea drilling. "11 The Gulf oil spill was officially the biggest accidental leak in world history. When the oil well exploded into the surface of the bay one mile, it began to explode, causing explosions at BP deep sea horizon rig and 11 people died. BP tried to block the well a couple of times, but until the well was blocked on July 15, 2010 - perhaps at a rate of 2.5 million gallons per day - the flow of oil flowed. This well came out of a cracked well bore over 85 days, pouring oil to the Gulf 572 miles and killing hundreds of birds and marine creatures. The long-term impact of petroleum and 1.82 million gallons of dispersant on this fragile ecosystem remains unknown, but experts say that there is a possibility of destroying the Gulf in the coming years. Deepwater Horizon 's oil spill (also called BP oil spill) in the Gulf of Mexico is regarded as the biggest accidental offshore oil spill in the history of the oil industry. The oil spill was a direct result of the explosion and sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling equipment which took 11 lives. The total amount of oil was estimated at 9 million barrels. A huge crude oil carrier carrying the Liberian flag was divided into three, and 1,604,500 barrels (219,797 tons) of light crude oil and 4,000 tons of heavy oil were released, becoming the largest scale of oil spill at that time and became the largest scale. Loss of marine creatures recorded from oil spillage outflow

INTRODUCTION Recently, oil prices have become the subject of debate. Due to the regularity of the metronome, crude oil price seems to have updated new highs. This is bad news for customers who need to pay more. Even more frightening is the possibility that this situation will get worse before returning to normal. Due to uncertainty, we can not predict exactly when the pendulum will return. From a supply perspective, OPEC is a major producer and we are ready to increase or decrease production to balance demand. Oil prices unexpectedly fell to $ 30 (the lowest level of the US dollar) since 2003, so many people are asking about the impact on the global economy and energy market. In the past, the traditional belief was that the decline in crude oil prices added additional funds to consumers and industries, thereby promoting expenditure and growth of the world economy. Experts often vary in the size of this positive economic impact, but it seems more hesitant to expect that there will be a positive impact on recent oil price declines. Three important factors have changed the world's energy perception over the past few decades. Changes in oil and gas prices, its impact on the world economy, geopolitical instability in some oil-producing areas, and concerns about climate change. How will dependence on petroleum and other hydrocarbons affect the long-term health of the planet. Since 1990, Dow has reduced energy consumption by 38% and reduced absolute greenhouse gas emissions by 20%. This far exceeds the Kyoto goal. This prevented about 90 million tons of carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere. With the first billion dollar investment, we have saved $ 9.2 billion. Oil is an important pillar of our world economy, especially due to the oil crisis in 2014 and its impact on the current state of the US economy, which is the fundamental advantage of investment analysis. By analyzing the current situation of the world oil world economy, you can estimate the benefits of investment decisions by evaluating the impact and secondary impact on various industrial sectors. Energy supply is a fundamental resource of production and historically promoted the technical revolution such as British industrial revolution, so the oil industry is indirectly related to consumption and price. In addition, petroleum has an opposite effect on the strength of the currency, and the dollar has become the strongest level since the turn of the century.

The future world of oil is on the verge of the oil crisis. I decided to study this possibility. Because it seems to be a rather serious problem, I feel more comfortable if there is enough information to form at least a fairly reasonable position. After all, I know little about this situation before any investigation, and it produced undeniable results: this problem is a very divided issue, both sides of the discussion have many supporters ing. I decided to investigate the claims of people claiming that the crisis is imminent. On Sunday, 17th April, more than a dozen major oil producers, OPEC member countries and non-member countries are scheduled to gather in Doha, Qatar, to discuss the future of oil prices. Important items on the desktop are freezing crude oil production that has been circulating news since the beginning of this year and a public position equivalent to 1 billion dollars per day. At the press conference, the items of the agenda were mainly shown between Saudi Arabia and the representatives of Russia, the discussion on the length of production upper limit and its implementation in the coming months. In addition to Iran, 14 other producers, other than Libya and Iraq, are expressing their willingness to follow the roads set by the world's two largest oil producers. They are seeing writing about the future of oil. In January 2015, Saudi Oil Minister ali al-Naimi expressed concern about the feasibility of long-term oil demand in 2050 and said there was the possibility of catastrophic technology and numerous carbon emission regulations It pointed out. According to the International Energy Agency, as of 2013, there are about 1,400 climate policies implemented worldwide, less than 200 in 2005. The fund will exceed 2 trillion dollars and become the world's largest sovereign wealth fund. It is twice that of other sovereign wealth funds. According to data of Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute and Bloomberg, this mega fund is ranked third in global assets, over Fidelity, more than $ 2 trillion, BlackRock is $ 4.6 trillion. For many countries, petroleum is an economically and strategically important resource. Countries like the United States possess a large amount of crude oil for future use. Indicators of these oil reserves are indicators of investors, and changes in oil inventory levels reflect production and consumption trends. The Energy Information Administration Bureau provides a weekly supply estimate of petroleum and other liquids. As trend lines increase over time, suppliers may lower prices to attract more purchases. And vice versa, due to lower production levels, buyers began to raise the price of petroleum products.

Oil pollution has become a major environmental problem since commercial exploration of oil exploration in Niger Delta in the 1950s, oil pollution will continue as long as oil extraction continues. Since the 1950s, due to the increase in crude oil demand and the presence of a large amount of oil reserves, Niger Delta experienced a so-called oil pollution environmental disaster, which has had a major impact on the environment and indigenous people dependent on it. Make a living in the area. The oil boom in Nigeria is driven by the oil mined from the Niger Delta. The wealth of Niger Delta is largely responsible for maintaining the Nigerian Commonwealth (UNDP, 2006: 62). Despite the economic growth of Nigeria, the delta of Nigeria is left behind in the development of the country of Nigeria. Higgins essentially wrote that there is a large gap between the wealth produced by the Federation of Nigeria and the multinational oil company extracting oil from that area and the region's human development (Higgins 2009: 3). The region's human development index is 0.564, slightly higher than the Nigerian human development index 0.448 but the region is much lower than the region or country where natural gas or oil reserves are similar (UNDP, 2006 Year). 15) It is noteworthy that the number of the poor in local governments without petroleum facilities seems to be less than the number of people with oil facilities (UNDP, 2006: 15). Almost no day has passed, and international and local news agencies have not reported an increasing number of rebel forces in Nigerian oil-rich Niger Delta armed militia. There are two objectionable facts in the Nigerian Delta of Nigeria. First, it is a strategically important region for domestic and foreign economies. Secondly, this is a huge and anxious field of contradiction. This is an environment of enormous wealth and non-human poverty (Inokoba and Imbua; 2008: 643). The plight of the area is that its wealth and wealth are the root cause of poverty, corruption, and curse of oil officials. Although the bearing community facts have now made a valuable contribution to the lives of the Nigerian countries, Nigerian facts have now become some of the most serious environmental damages among the poorest people in Africa It is that. unitedIjawstates.com). Most Niger delta communities are taking the opposite approach. 1. The oil well in March 2001

Crude oil price reaches 30 barrels per barrel "Can the world buy $ 30 oil per barrel," Ed Krok emphasized that global delays are meeting worldwide demand growth. did. Therefore, he expects prices to rise above $ 30 a barrel. Petroleum dependent countries such as the US and Europe are currently focusing on high prices. In order to protest against fuel prices, French fishermen blocked the access port with their boat. Demand for the world has increased since the 1980s, so analysts accuse the production chain by not mine other oil reserves (though the mining of reserves in Europe at that time was considered non-economic ). By 2020 oil demand will reach 100 million barrels per day, and by 2030 it will fall to 70 million barrels per day. This is equivalent to an actual decrease of 30 million barrels. This is 40 million barrel lower than the current "normal work" of the Energy Information Administration. . This has catastrophic impact on the oil industry by price collapse and prices may start to soar around 2021. "In the next decade the industry will grow more than the last century," said Jill Norman, director of the Renault car, French automaker. You can also sell automobile parts and cars. The same can be said for business, automobile insurance and oil industry. And that change is not very good. In short, we will stop using oil cars and abandon many related / related / dependent industries. And we need to start right away Currently there are about 50 million barrels of oil per day in the $ 30 world. Let's assume that it is 55, since it uses 100 million barrels a day in the world. However, if you stop using 78,900,000 barrels, you do not have to stop using all barrels. Break $ 40. People who have all $ 30 of oil will start pumping quickly. Saudi Arabs will start pumping up rapidly as they see oil markets disappearing and must export oil to the market before the oil disappears. That will happen Therefore, once efficiency becomes very important, that's exactly what the oil industry did. It allows people to invest in automation. In the summer of 2016, crude oil prices did not fall below 30 dollars per barrel, rose to around $ 50 a barrel. If you can produce with twice the efficiency, this is half of the $ 100 barrel they were familiar with. As a result, like the rise of Phoenix, they have changed. The oil drilling equipment resumed drilling, but nobody did a drilling worker. Those who are released will be unnecessary expenses

In 2010, Deepwater Horizon created what is called the most serious environmental hazard in the United States. A total of 5 million barrels of crude oil flowed out to the Gulf of Mexico, affecting marine life, tourism, and individual lives. BP has paid billions of dollars to alleviate environmental impacts and hire affected workers, but there are still more than 200 million gallons of oil spills Beginning in 2011, researchers started looking for late and small dolphins to hurry to land. This is the first labor cycle after the oil spill, more than ten times the death toll from marine organisms. Due to liver cancer, lung cancer, hypoglycemia, or oil in the body, more than 400 dolphins were died as a result of being exposed to crude oil. Deepwater Horizon 's problem is not just petroleum. The purification process distributes large amounts of chemicals and dispersants to the Gulf of Mexico and has a major impact on marine life. According to reports, fishermen see many malformations in fish and crabs. This includes lack of eyes, the presence of lesions, and changes in shells. Less than 0.1% of observed marine life occurred in the Gulf of Mexico before oil spill. Just one year later, more than 20% of fish showed a change. In some expeditions, it counts up to 50% The problem of dead zones and other aquatic life is caused by the release of methane and the region's oxygen supply is depleted. However, the most troublesome problem is the oil and chemical residue that Deepwater Horizon oil leaks into the food chain. Researchers discovered that carcinogens and chemicals are more than 3,300 feet deep and enter phytoplankton consumed by other marine organisms. People are concerned that these pollutants will continue to evolve towards human consumption through the food chain. The loss of life on the "deep sea horizon" is tragic and should never be forgotten. Do not forget the influence of oil spill Extracting and transporting fossil fuels has significant environmental risks. One of the biggest risks is oil spills such as Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. This outflow resulted in 4.9 million barrels of oil being released into the Gulf of Mexico, causing deaths of countless animals and many sustainable effects in the region. Since the 1970s there were 44 major oil spills in the United States alone. The effects of these events are numerous and pose a serious risk to aquatic ecosystems. Oil spill is one of the main causes of maritime disasters and millions of birds, mammals and fish die each time they occur. Several months later, we will celebrate 5th anniversary of Deepwater Horizon 's oil spill. The accident released millions of barrels of oil to the Gulf of Mexico and extensively affected marine ecosystems in Louisiana and other Gulf countries, wildlife habitats, fisheries and tourism. Twenty years ago, like the Exxon Valdez outflow in Alaska in 1989 and the joint oil spill on the coast of Santa Barbara, Deepwater Horizon turned the public's attention to energy-related environmental risks. Like Alaska Exx Valdes in 1989 and BP Deep Water Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, a large amount of oil spills brought catastrophic environmental influences, but most media has penetrated the ecosystem. Actually, the oil from the car is leaking. Not only airplanes and boats, but also illegal dumping. Sand and chemicals remain in the cracks of the rock, causing groundwater contamination and possibly unstable bedrock. Currently, scientists are worried that the earthquake in the Midwest region that has never experienced an earthquake is the result of wastewater from natural gas crushing work.

Exxon-Valdez After the worst oil spill since the disaster, a large-scale investigation on the root cause of the deep-sea horizon tragedy began. Many people want to know if this is poorly designed, even a company's greedy, negligent, or even simple operator failure. Regardless of the cause, crude began to reach the coastline of the United States, it was not able to confirm the cause of the leak. In today's technologically advanced world, when such a disaster occurs, doing ethical things and taking urgent action to use "all responsible" resources "without taking responsibility" It is the responsibility of the person concerned. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico is considered the most serious environmental hazard in the United States, releasing about 4.9 million barrels (210 million dollars gallons; 780,000 cubic meters) of crude oil, the largest offshore oil It was spilled. Leakage and cleaning may affect the environment. The oil spill was called "the worst environmental hazard facing the United States" by the White House Energy Adviser Carroll Broner. Leakage is the largest leak in the history of the United States, almost 20 times the oil spill of Exxon Valdez. Factors such as oil toxicity, depletion of oxygen, and use of Corexit are expected to be a major cause of injury. Extracting and transporting fossil fuels has significant environmental risks. One of the biggest risks is oil spills such as Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. This outflow resulted in 4.9 million barrels of oil being released into the Gulf of Mexico, resulting in the death of countless animals, bringing much sustainable impact in this area. Since the 1970s there were 44 major oil spills in the United States alone. The effects of these events are numerous and pose a serious risk to aquatic ecosystems. Oil spill is one of the main causes of maritime disasters, millions of birds, mammals and fish each time die The deep sea horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 and the oil spill in Exx Valdez in Alaska in 1989 caused severe damage to the oceans and wildlife habitats. According to reports, the oil ball continues to be washed along the coast in the Gulf of Mexico, the dredging already shows the oil pad of the sea bottom, oil dirt can still be seen after the fishing boat (CBS) . . Wetland wetland grass is still contaminated and dead, and oil can be seen in the stomatal space of sand and gravel deposits along the edge of the mouth of the bay. There are many uses of oil skimmers, containment fences, beach rafts, and chemical and bioremediation (by "induction of oil" by introducing oil supply bacteria), but the dispersion of pollutants seems to have little effect. In the short term, the fishery was permitted to resume operation in a few months (however, in some areas oil balls were found in the fishing nets).

Saudi Arabia 's royal family, the foreign policy of the United States, and the current poverty that is spreading in Saudi Arabia Current world dependence on oil is doing a lot about the influence of Saudi Arabia and Middle East on foreign policy and international politics. Currently, as the world's largest oil consuming country, the United States relies heavily on Saudi Arabia and the Middle East to operate its business, family and most importantly cars. In recent months Saudi Arabia's huge oil reserves not only brought huge income to the country but also increased the importance of Saudi Arabia to the world. At the same time as industrialization, Europe relied on Saudi Arabia, but today the flow of oil has become a prerequisite for the stability of the world economy. Saudi Arabia is the only major oil producing country with large-scale crude oil production capacity and Saudi Arabia's oil production and investment policy has a strong influence on international oil price and supply, so it is important for internationally important problems Has become. Therefore, the actual revenue source of Saudi Arabia is still income from oil exports and trade. Petroleum is the most important feature of Saudi Arabia - the world's leading oil exporters. Saudi Arabia reserves exceed 260 billion barrels, more than a quarter of world supply. Through the oil spikes in 1973, Saudi Arabia began accumulating huge cash reserves. The government uses this newly discovered wealth for diversifying the industrial base and improving its basic economic structure. Saudi Arabia has maintained a close relationship with the United States since its founding. In 1945, it joined the LJN, which opposed the establishment of Israel, which played a minor role in the fight in 1948. The only significant Arab conflict between Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan. Saudi Arabia fully supported Nasser, dispatched 20,000 soldiers and stopped exporting oil to the United States and the United Kingdom, it seems that the war of the sixth has corrected this relationship. However, diplomatic relations with the United States have never been broken. Because the United States is Saudi Arabia's largest trading partner and Saudi Arabia is one of the United States's largest trading partners in the Middle East, the United States and Saudi Arabia have strong economic relations. Saudi Arabia is the second largest source of imported petroleum in the United States and supplies over 1 million barrels of oil a day to the US market. The United States and Saudi Arabia have signed a trade and investment framework agreement. Saudi Arabia launched its 203-year vision plan in April 2016 to formulate plans to achieve economic diversification, including increased trade and investment with the United States and other countries.

Deep sea oil spill and deep sea horizon oil spill were one of the biggest oil spills ever. The occurrence of leakage is caused by various factors such as system failure and human error. This outflow not only affected wildlife and the economy of the bay, but also because the whole US became unavailable as a product or service that was once available. Due to oil spills, Bp was forced to pay billions of dollars to recover the damage they caused. In addition, the oil and gas industry has changed this practice and is cooperating with the government in accordance with new laws and regulations to prevent future oil spills. From time to time, there will be a serious oil spill report. About seven months ago, about 24,000 gallons of oil leaked into the North Sea. Seven years ago, the oil spill by Deep Sea Horizon in 2010 caused an oil spill of 210 million gallons in the Gulf of Mexico, the second largest oil spill in history. Since the influence of oil spill may last for many years, it is important to find a way to purify effective oil spills. Currently, the general oil leakage cleaning method combines a disposable suction nozzle (a long pipe for collecting oil) and an oil skimmer (a machine that absorbs oil from the surface), burns after use, and boom and its absorption . Oil loss Deepwater Horizon 's oil spill (also called BP oil spill) in the Gulf of Mexico is regarded as the biggest accidental offshore oil spill in the history of the oil industry. The oil spill was a direct result of the explosion and sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling equipment which took 11 lives. The total amount of oil was estimated at 9 million barrels. A huge crude oil carrier carrying the Liberian flag was divided into three, and 1,604,500 barrels (219,797 tons) of light crude oil and 4,000 tons of heavy oil were released, becoming the largest scale of oil spill at that time and became the largest scale. Loss of marine creatures recorded from oil spillage outflow April 20th will celebrate the 6th anniversary of BP / Deepwater Horizon n oil spill accident. It is the biggest oil spill accident ever. Fortunately, on this anniversary, bills leading to billions of dollars of economic loss apply to the coastal area (SB 267) and the long-term infrastructure development in the state - the hearings are made by the Alabama State Assembly It will be held in the parliament building. And means the committee. At a hearing, Randy Davis suffered an emotional appeal to the state legislature he listened carefully, but he did not do anything. Only those of us who did business and participated in those "hell" weeks in their desperate atmosphere to understand the importance of paying BP to Alabama, experiencing this kind of life I can participate.

Introduction The oil spill of the British Petroleum Company (BP) in the Gulf of Mexico is one of the most serious ecosystem injuries in human history, resulting in tremendous damage to fragile and beautiful ecosystems, as well as defects in current energy exploration methods , Raising concerns about risk management. And tidy up. (A) What technology is used for deep sea oil exploration, what factors are causing BP disaster, which components of leakage are looking at from the viewpoint of volume and concentration, time and space size What? Deepwater Horizon 's oil spill (also called BP oil spill) in the Gulf of Mexico is regarded as the biggest accidental offshore oil spill in the history of the oil industry. The oil spill was a direct result of the explosion and sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling equipment which took 11 lives. The total amount of oil was estimated at 9 million barrels. A huge crude oil carrier carrying the Liberian flag was divided into three, and 1,604,500 barrels (219,797 tons) of light crude oil and 4,000 tons of heavy oil were released, becoming the largest scale of oil spill at that time and became the largest scale. Loss of marine creatures recorded from oil spillage outflow BP's oil spill began in April 2010 when oil drilling equipment leased in the Gulf of Mexico exploded and finally released nearly 5 million barrels of oil (about 200 tons). An important example of the environmental impact of human activities. Millions of gallons to the sea). Legislative investigators later concluded that BP made a series of decisions "to increase the risk of catastrophic wells." According to a report, researchers said "BP own employees and external contractors warned, but some decisions seem to be in violation of industry guidelines" (Fountain, 2010, p.A1 ). A week after the oil spill of BP to the Gulf of Mexico, BP hired you as a consultant on the coastline cleaning in Louisiana. At an early conference of the expert advisory committee, one of his colleagues, Dr. Sanderson, suggested that using dispersants, it can decompose tight oil that continues to accumulate on the sea surface and continues to flow toward the coast. did. . BP has established a relationship with this set of dispersant manufacturers and he recommends that you use the product line Corexit as it is able to obtain a large number of products at affordable prices. He further urged this action as mass quantities of chemicals are shipping to other parts of Louisiana, it is easy to do so. At the end of the meeting, all committee agreed that as oil is rapidly approaching the coastline, we need to take action as soon as possible.

In this world oil spill occurs too frequently. Unfortunately, when this happens, life is always lost. Many people are affected. There is always a price to pay. On 24th March 1989, the tanker of Exxon Valdez leaked all the oil to the sea. About 12 miles per hour, the suspicion of oil spill is unlikely to be very likely. However, when a tanker attacked Bree Leaf at Alaska's Prince William Sound, the most serious oil spill occurred in American history. As a result, more than 11 million gallons of petroleum has flowed into the sea. In 1989, we leaked 11 million gallons of oil to the Alaska Bay and fueled 1,300 miles of the original Alaska coastline in the Exx Valdez oil spill area. Later, the company was able to reduce the $ 5 billion punitive damages to $ 500 million. In 2011, about 30 minutes before Exxon Mobil's pipeline was closed, leaked 1,500 barrels of oil to the Yellowstone River, in 2013 Exxon Mobil transported heavy crude oil in Arkansas, about 3,190 barrels Of petroleum. They evacuated 22 houses. The Environmental Protection Agency classified it as a serious outflow, and the company eventually resolved the allegations of breach of the Federal Cleanse Act and the State Environmental Act. New Jersey invests millions of taxpayers on some of the world's most polluted companies In 1989, Exxon Valdez 's oil spill, which shot 262,000 barrels of oil in Alaska' s Prince William Sound, was the 35 th maritime tanker since 1967. Large scale oil spills are decreasing, but they still exist. Leakage and leakage of the onshore oil pipeline will continue to be a major risk. Recent pipeline leaks in the US include the Enbridge outflow in 2010, a leak of about 20,100 barrels into the Kalamazoo River in Michigan, and the Exxon Mobil spill in 2011, about 1,000 in Yellowstone River in Montana Barrel's oil leaked out. Environmental risks associated with offshore drilling are very popular, as evidenced by recent oil spills in BP and oil spills such as oil spill in 1989 at Exxon Valdez near Alaska Coast. In Exxon Valdez's oil spill incident, 250 thousand seabirds died, more than 2,800 sea otters and several thousands of other animals died. ] (UK oil company's oil spill has not been completed yet) The US has done all offshore drilling until George Bush overthrew it in 2008 - Recent oil spills have been erroneous in this abolition . In this way, offshore drilling destroys ecosystems and fishing resources. These resources are essential for humans to cultivate their population, and the wilderness like most of the southern United States is useless before it is cleansed.

On March 24, 1989, a tanker ran in the unspoilt ocean of Prince William Sound in the Alaska Bay and dumped 11 million gallons of crude oil. This spill affected 11,000 square miles of water killing thousands of marine mammals and seabirds and devastatingly affecting the 1,300 nautical coastline. For twenty-five years, it is still one of the worst environmental disasters ever. Twenty years later in 1989, Exxon Valdez 's oil spill incident continued in Alaska, but in some areas it was almost as toxic as the original level (Exxon Valdez Trustee Council 2009; Raloff 2009). Exxon Valdez's outflow and BP Deepwater Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico A large outflow due to the explosion of offshore rigs will have a significant impact and should be seen in the regional assessment but a global scale survey It may not be enough to do. Oil can kill marine life by ingestion, inhalation and absorption. Oil can kill marine organisms by ingesting, inhaling or absorbing it. Since oil adheres to fur and feathers, seals, seals and birds lose the insulation that these structures normally provide. Oil birds can not fly Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Summary: Exxon Valdez tanker was hit by an oil spill incident at Exxon Valdez on March 24, 1989, from Valdez, Alaska to Long Beach, California. Ecological disaster. It is based on Bray Leaf of Prince William Sound of Alaska. The 1990 oil pollution control law was approved to make tankers safer. "Desert Storm" Behavior Summary: Hostility in the Gulf War began during the George HW Bush regime, its "defensive" behavior was called "desert shield action" (August 1990 From 2nd to 1st 1991 1) On the 16th of the month the US military gathered here in Saudi Arabia and Persian Gulf. Iraq was not in time for the withdrawal deadline from Kuwait, and it ran from a desert storm operation (January 17, 1991 to February 28, 1991). This is the code of conduct in the battle phase of the Gulf War.

On April 20, 2010, the explosion of Deepwater Horizon oil drilling equipment in the Gulf of Mexico killed 11 workers and injured 17 people. A day and a half later, the oil drilling equipment sunk. This leakage was known as Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, BP Oil Leak, Mexican Bay Oil Spill Incident, BP Oil Disaster. First of all, in fact there is little oil leakage to the sea, but it is estimated that 12,000-19,000 barrels of crude oil will leak every day after more than a month. Many attempts to stop the leak were made, but until July 15, 2010, all failed until the leak was blocked, the federal government announced on 19th that the well "actually died". Stoves in the last 3 months Regulation and BP oil leaked to Deepwater Horizon. The outflow of BP's "deep sea horizon" was the most serious accidental oil spill in US history. The original oil drilling equipment exploded on April 20, 2010, 11 people died and 17 people were injured. Nearly 5 million barrels of oil leaked into the Gulf of Mexico, causing serious environmental and economic losses, and further disasters, the three pillars of the Gulf Coast economy, fisheries, tourism, energy production - the total cost of economics and cleaning It collapsed seriously. Billions of dollars As the largest offshore oil spill in US history, Deepwater Horizon oil spill released 134 million gallons of oil to the Gulf of Mexico in 87 days, causing 1,300 miles of pollution in five states. Scientists concluded that Deepwater Horizon 's oil spill incident killed thousands of marine mammals and sea turtles and polluted their habitats. Five turtles live in the Gulf of Mexico: loggerhead turtles, kemp turtles, green turtles, dragonflies and leatherback turtles. All of these species are protected by the Endangered Species Protection Act. The Gulf of Mexico provides important habitats for sea turtle breeding, breeding, migration and shelter. Among them are the wide range of habitats of the high seas where small turtles are required for survival. A few months later, we will celebrate 5th anniversary of oil spill by Deepwater Horizon. The accident released millions of barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico and extensively affected marine ecosystems in Louisiana and other Gulf countries, habitats of wildlife, fishing and tourism. Twenty years ago, Deepwater Horizon directed public attention to energy-related environmental risks, like Alaska's 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill incident and co-oil spill incident on the coast of Santa Barbara.

In his theory of a normal accident, Perrow considers the combination of interactive complexity and close ties as a measure of the possibility of a system causing disaster. Due to the intrinsic complexity and tight coupling of the system (Perrow, 1999), accidents caused by the convergence of these two attributes are inevitable and are considered "ordinary accidents". High degree of interconnectivity between system components, dependence on indirect information sources, unpredictable environment, or unintelligibility to the operator of the system indicates the complexity within the system (Pe rrow, 1999 ). Do you remember the oil spill of BP? Do you know that the deepwater Horizon Bay in Mexico leaked more than 200 million gallons of crude oil in the early two months of 2010? The outflow was very bad, and respondents were well-known to "burn to the ground", a process that burns oil concentrating on the sea surface. The story began in 1995, the year when Waterworld was released. Mr. Costner did the water filtration of the brain. After all, this is a large part of the movie. It is easy to imagine that after spending 157 days on production of $ 235 million, Costner was forced to pay $ 25 million for water pollution solutions (Exxon Valdez's oil spill is a long- It caused concern). ) Regulation and BP oil leaked to Deepwater Horizon. The outflow of BP's "deep sea horizon" was the most serious accidental oil spill in US history. The original oil drilling equipment exploded on April 20, 2010, 11 people died and 17 people were injured. Nearly 5 million barrels of oil leaked into the Gulf of Mexico, causing serious environmental and economic losses, and further disasters, the three pillars of the Gulf Coast economy, fisheries, tourism, energy production - the total cost of economics and cleaning It collapsed seriously. Billions of dollars

Over the past few decades, American oil and gas prices continue to rise. It is somewhat higher than the previous year. But I saw some cases where oil and gas prices soared to the American citizens enough to demand that they stop spending or cut spending. It is the first time in history after Hurricane Katrina and Rita in 2005. Then, in July 2008, we saw a record spike of $ 4.50 national average per gallon of gasoline. Gasoline prices are still high as the global oil demand is growing more rapidly than the oil supply that raised oil prices and gasoline prices. Despite the increase in US production, US consumption is decreasing. What is further offending the world market is sanctions against turmoil in Iran and other oil-producing regions where traders are increasing their risk premium for oil prices. Gasoline supply is small and gasoline prices are rising further due to lack of refining capacity to compensate for equipment failures and regular blackouts. During the past few decades, the factory was closed due to refinery's environmental regulations, the new regulations will raise the cost of refining crude and will be passed on to consumers of petroleum products in the future. Despite a significant reduction in gasoline prices, the increase and decrease in oil and gasoline prices are closely related. In June 2008, when the oil price rose by 98% compared with the same period last year, the gasoline price just increased by 33%. Likewise, when the oil price fell by 59% in February 2009, gasoline prices fell by just 36%. The prices of oil and gasoline are indeed very closely related. Figure 3 shows the monthly average oil price from 1990 to the beginning of 2008, using the West Texas Intermediate spot oil price (correct ratio, blue thin line, US dollar per barrel) and US retail gasoline price (left) It shows a figure calculated by the number of gallons per minute, thick red line. Over time, the two series are very close: the rise in oil prices is accompanied by the rise in gasoline prices. As shown in the figure, the correlation coefficient (represented as "r") of the two sequences is 0.98. In addition, monthly fluctuations in oil prices and gasoline prices (not shown) also have a high positive correlation.

In March 1989, the tanker of Exxon Valdez stranded at Brie Reef of Prince William Sound of Alaska. An 18-foot wide hole was pulled by the hull, and 10.9 million gallons of crude oil spilled into the sea. A lot of things happened in the next few weeks. In this article, I will explain cleaning, damage, and results of the largest oil spill accident in US history. On 24th March 1989, at the Prince William Sound in Alaska, Exxon Valdez moved southwest after leaving Valdez Port. The ship carries more than 50 million gallons of crude oil. When Valdes was only 28 miles away from the port, it stranded at Bree Reef. The bottom is torn open, 10.9 There is also a problem with strong winds, the wind usually exceeds 40 knots. Perhaps the most interesting problem that cleaning workers have to deal with is wildlife. In fact, Alaska brown bears attacked beach workers. Combining all these factors makes cleanup work more difficult than expected. The cleaning process is the most expensive oil spill process in history. However, the total cost is unknown and it is still growing. ExxonMobil paid over $ 5 billion, including $ 20 million for investigation of oil spills. Part of the reason why the cleaning work is very expensive is the number of workers used in the workplace. About Exxon Mobil 's payroll calculation, there are about 11,000 men and women including dispatched workers. Average number of workers $ 16.69 per hour. Workers do not have a fixed working hour per week, but the usual salary for the week is $ 1,800. ExxonMobil also requires a number of small vessels to deploy containment buoys and to use them as floating observation stations. Local fishermen use their boat 8,000 times a day. This, along with their hourly wages, make the purification after oil spill more profitable, and then fish for many people everyday afterwards. They are Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Summary: Exxon Valdez tanker was hit by an oil spill incident at Exxon Valdez on March 24, 1989, from Valdez, Alaska to Long Beach, California. Ecological disaster. It is based on Bray Leaf of Prince William Sound of Alaska. The 1990 oil pollution control law was approved to make tankers safer. "Desert Storm" Behavior Summary: Hostility in the Gulf War began during the George HW Bush regime, its "defensive" behavior was called "desert shield action" (August 1990 From 2nd to 1st 1991 1) On the 16th of the month the US military gathered here in Saudi Arabia and Persian Gulf. Iraq was not in time for the withdrawal deadline from Kuwait, and it ran from a desert storm operation (January 17, 1991 to February 28, 1991). This is the code of conduct in the battle phase of the Gulf War. In 1989, it was responsible for leaking 11 million gallons of oil to the Alaska Bay fueled 1,300 miles of the first remote Alaska coastline known as Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. Later, the company was able to reduce the $ 5 billion punitive damages to $ 500 million. In 2011, Exxon Mobil's pipeline will drain 1,500 barrels of oil into the Yellowstone River in about 30 minutes and in 2013 will own a "Pegasus pipeline" that will transport heavy crude oil in Arkansas We released 3,190 barrels of petroleum. And she evacuated 22 houses. The Environmental Protection Agency classified it as a serious outflow and finally the company solved the complaints of the Federal Clean Water Law violation and state environmental law violation. Jersey invests millions of taxpayers on some of the world's most polluting companies

In recent years, China's real GDP has been growing at an amazing growth rate of 10% per year. While the economy is growing strongly, demand for energy is also rapidly growing. Figure 1 clearly shows the oil consumption and production method that country tends to import from various countries. China produced 379,800 barrels of oil a day and consumed 82 million barrels of oil a day in 2009. This means that China must import about 44.402 million barrels of oil a day to meet the daily consumer demand. "... ... the security of oil supply is still a serious problem for China There is no other way to deal with this supply gap besides oil import unless oil demand is sharply reduced.In this case, The market will be heavily influenced by trends in oil imports in China. "The Daqing oil field, China 's largest oil field, provides a clear case study on this process. In order to maintain the current production level and reduce the decline rate, China must adopt advanced oil recovery recovery technology known as "high cost and environmental impact" to reduce net energy production Hmm. The high price impact on the international oil market has disrupted the Pakistan economy and the existing imbalance. Until 2003-2004, the impact of international oil processing remained infinite. This is due to the sustainable level of worldwide prices for domestic prices, worldwide favorable conditions, and increased capital inflows. In fact, this may be due to the gradual increase in international crude oil prices. With this figure, the recent rise in oil prices has created a big gap between imports and exports. In Pakistan, Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) has decided that oil prices will pass through domestic consumers, but oil prices in the international oil market fluctuate every day, but in Pakistan every 15 days. International crude oil prices affect almost all areas of the country from transportation to agriculture. Therefore, petroleum is the backbone of every economic sector and plays an important role in every economic development. The shale oil production capacity revolution in the United States brought over oil supply in the international market, but Saudi Arabia, the world's largest oil producer, has maintained its production capacity. As a result, petroleum will be oversupplied in international markets and prices will fall. Most products are denominated in US dollars. However, the value of the dollar is rising this year, and the cost of trading goods in local currency is higher. As a result, emerging markets that maintain dollar exchange rates are usually affected by the strong dollar. As a result, sales of products as a whole are decreasing.

As emerging countries need more energy to raise their living standards, world oil demand is increasing. As shown below, it is estimated that by 2030, China and India will import more than 90% of fossil fuel demand as emerging markets (1). Coupled with the continued rise in demand for petroleum, has become a strong market over the next 30 years. Currently, the traditional approach is to positively explore and develop new fields. This has led to the drilling of deeper wells and the quest for new "light" crude oil in the "offshore" place. Part of our problem is that world demand for oil is rapidly increasing along with globalization. In 2012, Chinese buyers bought more cars than the buyers in Europe. Global demand rose sharply and oil prices have rarely increased, so world prices rose. This time, the possibility of world oil demand occurring in the early 1980s is low. Even if the consumption of oil in Western countries drastically declines, the East has sufficiently restrained demand to utilize any available oil in the market. In order to understand the influence of "supply and demand" due to the sharp decline of ED, we must pay attention to the structure of the petroleum world. There is no simple "supply and demand" for petroleum operating in the GIW and the oil market between the oil industry and the GIW. The only visible oil market is between the petroleum industry, oil producers, and petroleum transformers (refineries) that supply transportation fuel (TF) and petrochemical products to the GIW. In addition, some speculators are trying to earn money by exploiting variations between producers and transformer operations. Today, the world oil demand is about 400 billion tons of oil (Mtoe), the production volume of liquid biofuel (transportation, most demand) reaches 36 Mtoe, which is less than 1% of the global total demand I will not. Approximately 85% of liquid biofuels are currently produced in the form of bioethanol.

BP began as a British - Persian oil company, but since 1909 many internal and external changes have occurred. BP executives decided that the company needed to establish a retail marketing network in the US. When BP announced a merger of Amoco and 53 billion dollars in 1998, the trend of mergers and acquisitions began. Conclusion BP started as an UK-Persian oil company but executives of BP who have undergone many internal and external changes since 1909 need to establish a retail marketing network in the US by the company I decided. Prior to joining Shortlyster, he was BP Oil's Global Value & Behavior Network Manager. There, my mission is to transform and embed a new corporate culture. This role was caused by an oil hazard in the Gulf of Mexico. I am writing this article and trying to share some of my thoughts and lessons and to create a sustainable competitive advantage based on the culture of BP. The awareness that organizational culture has a direct impact on employee behavior and performance is increasing. Compared to tangible assets, companies are now more concerned about intellectual assets than ever as a major source of competitive advantage. In order to maximize the value of employees as knowledge assets, companies need to strategically and positively form their culture. BP is an international company focused on the oil and gas industry. BP is no longer dealing only with oil and gas, its main business activities include exploration and production, refining and marketing, energy distribution and BP alternative energy. BP ranks first among competitors such as Exxon, Anadarko, Chevron, Conoco Phillips and Shell. In this industry, BP owns several brands including Castrol, Arco, Aral, AM / PM, WildBeanCafé (Our Brands.N.D. para 1). Air BP is the aviation department of BP, providing aviation fuel, lubricants and services. We operate in more than 50 countries around the world. BP Shipping provides logistics, and guarantee of ocean structure, to bring BP's oil and gas cargo into the market. It manages a large number of vessels, most of which are long-term operating leases. The BP Shipping charter team in London, Singapore and Chicago also leases third party vessels on a regular charter and lease basis on a voyage. The fleet managed by BP includes super crude oil ship (VLCC), North Sea shuttle tanker, medium size crude oil and product ship, LNG carrier, LPG ship and roller coaster. All of these boats are covered with double shells

One way to handle oil spills is to "burn in situ" or burn oil in the water surface containment area. This has some negative impact on the environment. In situ combustion means controlling oil burning in one place. It can be used in various fields without requiring much work. By burning in a very short time, it removes a large area of ​​oil, minimizing the need for recycling and storage. The main component of in situ combustion contains carbon dioxide and water vapor. The Gulf oil spill was officially the biggest accidental leak in world history. When the oil well exploded into the surface of the bay one mile, it began to explode, causing explosions at BP deep sea horizon rig and 11 people died. BP tried to block the well a couple of times, but until the well was blocked on July 15, 2010 - perhaps at a rate of 2.5 million gallons per day - the flow of oil flowed. The well blew out of the cracked well for more than 85 days, filled 572 miles of the Gulf with oil and killed hundreds of birds and marine organisms. The long-term impact of petroleum and 1.82 million gallons of dispersant on this fragile ecosystem remains unknown, but experts say that there is a possibility of destroying the Gulf in the coming years. Do you remember the oil spill of BP? Do you know that the deepwater Horizon Bay in Mexico leaked more than 200 million gallons of crude oil in the early two months of 2010? The outflow was very bad, and respondents were well-known to "burn to the ground", a process that burns oil concentrating on the sea surface. The story began in 1995, the year when Waterworld was released. Mr. Costner did the water filtration of the brain. After all, this is a large part of the movie. It is easy to imagine that after spending 157 days on production of $ 235 million, Costner was forced to pay $ 25 million for water pollution solutions (Exxon Valdez's oil spill is a long- It caused concern). )

Turtle glass and manatee glass are the two major plants of South Texas Seagrass bed. Manatee and turtle dominate because of high evaporation of low rainfall to the bay and tolerance to salt. Common animal species inhabiting seaweeds include fish, sea turtle, shellfish, and waterfowl. They are adapted to living in this ecosystem as a direct food source, habitat, and seagrass bed field as nursery. The ecological significance of seagrass bed fields is that they play an important role as producers and seed beds of many species. Some human activities pose a threat to wetland ecosystems. Development along the American Gulf coast has reduced the habitats of wetlands in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. Large-scale development in South Florida has reduced the amount of water flowing through Everglades. Wildlife such as Florida Panthers is on the verge of extinction due to habitat reduction. The swamp of the Donna National Park in Andalusia, Spain, is greatly influenced by human activities along the Guadalquivir River and the Guadera River. River water is drained and transported to expand agricultural production, salt extraction and tourism facilities. Due to the reduced water supply to the ecosystem, the area of ​​the wetland of Doana has been reduced from 150,000 hectares (370,600 acres) to only 30,000 ha (74,100 acres). Texas is big. The same can be said about South Texas. Indeed, the economic scale of the region reached $ 190 billion in 2016, which was larger than the whole of Oklahoma. In addition to its size, the regional economy of South Texas is also diverse. Especially since crude oil price plummeted at the end of 2014, the economic performance of the community varies greatly. During the shale oil boom between 2010 and 2014, the unemployment rate declined across South Texas. In the case of very low crude oil prices, the overall unemployment rate in the region rose by almost 2% in the past two years. The majority of South Texas depend on oil and gas production in particular, so employment growth slows significantly between 2014 and 2015 and then returns to the historic level of about 1% in 2016 It was. In 2016, the economic results in the South Texas region were affected to varying degrees by low crude oil price. Mining is playing a relatively important role in this area. In this area's mining industry, approximately 30,000 people work mainly in exploration of oil and natural gas. Oil and gas mining is only 1.5% of the region's labor force, but the sector's position index is over 3 and emphasizes the industry's role in the regional economy compared to other countries. The location index measures the concentration of each industry within the region compared to the national average. The location of the mining including the oil and gas industry is more than one in most counties and cities in southern Texas. Kennedy County has a reading volume of 105, followed by 78 in La Salle County.

Natural gas has a lot of influence on our society, some of which have a negative impact on our lives. When going to work, going to school, and going out, our daily life is on gasoline. We use natural gas for power, automobiles and many others. Because natural gas can be used in a variety of forms, the impact of natural gas directly affects our lives. During the vacation, gas reduction has many adverse consequences, and all prices are rising, "inflation" and car companies are manufacturing more efficient cars. First, many Americans are shortening vacation time due to rising natural gas prices. I am conducting an informal survey on the cause and effect of rising natural gas price today. There are two views on the reasons for these soaring natural gas prices. Newspaper articles and AP correspond to these issues "Reduction of OPEC by about 8% of crude oil production in the spring of last year". Although this statement is correct, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries has decided to cut production. The reason for this is related to the reason for the rise in natural gas prices. As I always suspected, the increase is due to a slowdown in production, which is directly related to changing industries and technical standards. There is a new business in town, and its name is e-commerce (e-commerce or e-commerce). One of the basic principles of e-commerce is real-time practice. New York gasoline prices rose to $ 3.00 per gallon on June 1, 2018. - New York gasoline price rise will affect Uber and Lyft driver's income. This is due to the rise in oil prices. (Photo: Don EMMERT / AFP) / Ali About BEKHTAOUI 'Uber's story, Lyft's driver is plagued by rising gasoline prices' (photo source should read DON EMMERT / AFP / Getty Images) Oil export Given the decision to increase the supply of 1 million barrels per day last week by the State Organization, let's fight against the most important petroleum product called gasoline whose price has dropped from the high value for the first time in 4 years. Crude oil (oil) is, of course, the main input for the production of gasoline, its price accounts for the majority of gasoline prices, 50% last year, almost 70% in 2011, High crude oil prices are due to high crude oil prices. Because oil costs make up 72% of gasoline price. The remaining 28% comes from distribution, refining and taxation. As crude oil prices rise, it can be expected that crude oil prices will rise after six weeks. On May 10, 2018, world oil price reached 80 dollars per barrel. Formerly, the US decided to withdraw from Iran's nuclear agreement and resume sanctions. Iranian production is expected to decline. In addition, production in Libya and Venezuela is facing restrictions. After the Meeting of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries on November 30, 2017, oil prices also rose. Members agreed to reduce production by 2018. The US Energy Information Bureau predicts oil prices will be $ 73 per barrel in the second half of 2018 and $ 69 per barrel in 2019.

The Arctic Circle is a snowy paradise with diverse species and beautiful scenery. Also, it is caused by oil of 13% to 25% of undiscovered crude worldwide, about 90 billion barrels average on average (Gerkens, 2014). In particular, Alaska is one of the largest oil sources in the United States. Under barren land and ice water there are over 411.2 billion barrels of oil and 132 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. Most of these fossil fuels are located in the waters of Chukchi and Beaufort, on the north slope of Alaska and off Alaska coast. Scientists have revealed that offshore oil drilling is a highlight that can not be overcome. It is not impossible to clean up your feelings for 75% oil spill, 2012 arctic drilling accident, or polar bear. (Although there are records, these are just reasons for Hillary Clinton to oppose drilling in the Arctic Circle.) This is because 100 billion barrels of oil in the Arctic Cruise are incombustible. In other words, if you want to lower the threshold of hell below internationally recognized warming of 2 degrees or less, the amount of fossil fuel on Earth is five times as much as ours. The amount of carbon we can emit is our carbon budget and burning Arctic Oil for market reasons and 100 billion barrels will exceed the budget. Scientists are clear about this point. Drilling of Arctic Oil is prohibited. Bernie knows that drilling in the Arctic and Arctic National Wildlife Sanctuary is unthinkable when we face serious climate emergencies. Studies have shown that excavation in the Arctic Circle contradicts devastating efforts to prevent global warming. The Arctic National Wildlife Sanctuary, with an area of ​​19.6 million acres, is located in Alaska, and has the largest biodiversity among the protected areas in the north of the Arctic Circle. The United States increased the availability of crude oil by drilling at the Arctic National Wildlife Sanctuary. The idea of ​​drilling in the Arctic Circle is controversial and is still under discussion. The United States needs to decide whether excavation to the Arctic Circle is worth considering or whether there is insufficient interest in offsetting the adverse effects of drilling. Drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Reserve provides many direct economies Drilling oil from the Alaska Arctic National Wildlife Sanctuary (ANWR) is a serious problem for environmentalists and the future of the United States. Whether Arctic National Wildlife Sanctuary should start oil extraction. In this article I will explain whether to allow oil extraction to the Arctic National Wildlife Reserve. This also shows the environmental impact and I will present a critical analysis of the current excavation problem. - Preparation of the feasibility study of Kansas central protuberance for the intended use in a random decision tree analysis of a new drilling program. Operating Company Texas Midland Note - A brief description of the TTU Seal in the background My Master Project Includes Kansas Central Propensity Exploration Program Feasibility Study

Impact of Petroleum Exporting Countries Organization OPEC was founded in Baghdad, Iraq in 1960 to coordinate and harmonize the policies of oil exporters. According to OPEC, its main goal is to "stabilize crude oil price" and secure stable income in oil-producing countries. In order to achieve this goal, OPEC member states meet at least once every two years and decide whether to increase or decrease collective oil production to maintain what they think is "stable" price. The main factors to consider when developing oil policy are economic growth forecast and pet demand. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries has a different role during its existence, sometimes it has been very successful in affecting oil prices, but others have not been so successful, but it affects oil prices . OPEC traditionally produces about 40% of the world's oil and is a very strong organization with nearly 80% of the proven oil reserves. Its members include 11 of the world's top 20 oil producers. In addition, since oil producers other than OPEC tend to produce near maximum production volume, they account for the majority of the overproduction capacity of the world. This makes it easy to understand the weight and strength of OPEC members in the oil market. OPEC's market impact has been widely criticized as it has become effective in determining production and pricing. The Arab countries of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries used "oil weapons" to carry out oil embargo and shocked the developed countries when they started the oil crisis of 1973 during the Yom Kipple War. From the point of view of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the main political interpretation of the timing and extent of OPEC price hikes is also effective, but these changes are mainly due to previous unilateral changes in the global financial system and the consequences As a result of development. High inflation period in countries and the European economy. Developing countries This explanation includes actions by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries before and after the hostile action in October 1973, and "The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries only maintains equilibrium due to the high dollar value of crude oil There was no conclusion.

Introduction Saudi Aramco is the world's largest producer of crude oil. It accounts for the majority of exports of crude oil and natural gas in the world. That company is wonderful. They handle employees well and take care of the environment. The company is headquartered in Dalan, Saudi Arabia and has millions of employees. The company is worth $ 10 trillion, its number is increasing every day. The company has the world's largest oil reserves, estimated at 26 billion barrels. The focus of this survey lies in the factors affecting the participation of employees at the Saudi National Oil Company (Saudi Aramco). Saudi Aramco is the largest producer of oil in the Middle East and invests hundreds of millions of dollars to maintain its assets to secure reliable energy for the world. Saudi Aramco is a leader in the safety and reliability of the oil industry and has become a major asset of Saudi Arabia and is recognized as a sustainable support for the national economy. Saudi Aramco is currently rapidly expanding in the short term to meet international energy demand. Now, the crown of the economy of this kingdom - Saudi Aramco - is sold in the stock market, and the future of the kingdom and its oligarchy regime is coming. Unfortunately, for Saudi Arabia, Aramco is not as valuable as before, it is not economical and geopolitical. Natural gas from hydraulic crushing has replaced petroleum as fuel for the Western economy, so that the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (and less important Russian oil) can no longer take anyone's economy as a hostage. Furthermore, for the Saudi Arabian government, the expanding oil revenue of cartels can no longer be paid to huge welfare states, and that country supports non-workers, gilding, and the majority of the country's population. Economist Herbstein says that what can not happen does not happen. As the new prince said, MbS took this precaution and took precautionary measures before the rapidly collapsing economic order caused social disorder. As with all national oil companies, Saudi Aramco is managing most of Saudi Arabia's upstream activities. It accounts for 80% of the oil reserves in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Aramco has opposed the big competition of foreign companies in the upstream oil or gas business. Conveniently, the strengths of multinational oil companies are in refining and distribution (downstream). This represents the split between Saudi Aramco and its multinational partners. This department was held early in the development of the oil industry and influenced all aspects of these organizations from culture to operation.

Petroleum engineering is one of the most important occupations in society. This is an engineering field that includes chemical moieties and hydrocarbons can be crude oil / natural gas oils. Petroleum engineering has many difficult stages. When reading more about the importance of petroleum engineering, it will explain Petroleum engineering is the development and use of crude oil / oil and natural gas. Foundation was founded in California in the 1890s. This occupation was developed to combine oil production areas and well areas to prevent large quantities of water from entering the oil production area. This term relies on oil and gas for energy. It is necessary to locate and extract natural gas and oil. Petroleum engineering makes it possible; they are responsible for running oil and gas fields. As long as natural gas and oil are the main source of energy demand, they have a promising future. Petroleum engineers will work with other scientists, geologists, chemists and other engineers to determine how to operate the oil and gas fields as smoothly and safely as possible. They also design equipment for sharp operation. Their main goal is to build a system to produce more oil and gas from the deposit. Petrolegine engineers need to obtain a bachelor's degree in engineering. Some engineering courses offer field work in schools to identify students with the types of work in the petroleum engineering field. They need permission to work in public places, others are petroleum engineers. Licenses require individuals to obtain a degree in the ABET Certification Program and they also have to pass basic engineering exams and they also have professional engineering exam scores and at least four years of professional experience You must pass. 22, http: // daily life.globalpost.com/petroleum engineering - 2590.html). You need to obtain a self-employed technical license holder, but you can choose whether you work under the direction of another licensed engineer. To succeed in this field you should be well educated in science and mathematics. Possible work related to petroleum engineering is like Exxon Mobil, Chevron, or other factory dealing with natural gas or oil. You can also talk, write, read compression, monitor, time management, science and mathematics. Especially in the large oil field of East Texas in the state of East Texas, petroleum engineering focused on oil and gas reservoir systems rather than individual wells was done due to the economic crisis due to many discoveries (Encyclopedia Britannica) . Among the people who succeeded in this occupation were Mark W. Albers (Mark Albers was working in ExxonMobil, where he held various management positions) and Andrew P. Swiger (Andrews Wiggers Senior Vice President of Eck Sen Corporation Cumulative Chief Financial Officer Learning petroleum engineering means that you can move to a well or well site to design and develop methods for extracting, producing and refining petroleum and gas, you work in the office or petroleum You can become an engineer. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) estimates that the average salary of petroleum engineers in 2017 is $ 132,280. Workers in the petroleum industry report more than average flexibility, less than average flexibility, less than average work-life balance. They must also meet the uncertainties of the oil and gas industry. According to the Wall Street Journal, when crude oil prices fall by more than 40% in 2015, energy service companies cut about 120,000 workers and about 1,800 petroleum engineers who graduated that year gave the job fee Needless to say, I tried to search for all kinds of work. Historical petroleum engineering is one of the most important careers in society. This is an engineering field that includes chemical moieties and hydrocarbons can be crude oil / natural gas oils. Petroleum engineering has many difficult stages. It will be explained when reading more about other facts about the importance of petroleum

According to the US Department of Energy Information, the United States relies on importing about 40% of crude oil. This is the lowest dependency rate since 1991. Today, Japan is making efforts to reduce dependence more and more. When it comes to the future of the United States to acquire the fuel in the future, most of us think that by using natural gas already in our land, the United States should become more independent I accept. However, this discussion is usually finished as a result of natural gas drilling. Unlike Marcellus shales targeting natural gas, Permian drilling is completely concentrated in crude oil. Natural gas is a good tradeoff for the accompanying petroleum. But drilling frenzies in West Texas and New Mexico proved this excess of natural gas. Crude oil has a pipeline bottleneck, but natural gas pipeline does not have enough space. Permian Wahahab petrol prices fell to the lowest historical 25 cents / MMB tu. In some cases, producers actually sold some natural gas at a negative price. This means that a company pays gasoline cancellation fee to someone else. According to the Natural Gas Information Agency (NGI), the lowest price on Tuesday was -25 cents / MMB tu (apparently 25 cents). This is the 2nd consecutive day with price in the negative zone. Natural gas was accidentally discovered in ancient China because it was caused by saltwater drilling. China used natural gas for the first time in 500 BC (and perhaps 1000 BC). In the Ziliujing area of ​​Sichuan Province, they discovered a way to transport gases that are leaking to places where salt water was used to extract salt water from the bamboo crude oil pipeline. The world's first natural gas industry began in Fridonia, New York, USA in 1825. By 2009, 66,000 km 3 (or 8%) was used for the remaining recoverable natural gas reserves of an estimated 850,000 km 3. The world's natural gas consumption in 2015 is estimated to be about 3,400 square kilometers per year, and the remaining economically recoverable natural gas reserves are estimated to continue for 250 years at the current consumption rate. If the amount used per year increases by 2 to 3%, there is a possibility that the current collectible reserves will be greatly reduced significantly. Probably it is 80 to 100 years.

"Petroleum engineering is a combination of technological innovation, exploration and expansion.This main driving force provides the world with driving force to provide a foundation for effective work for all other occupations. - Nicholas Stavesky, 18th grade Energy is an important element of our daily life. The future of safe energy needs to balance environmental impact with affordable supply. Petroleum and earth system engineers can solve and solve important problems leading to energy security so the demand is great Production of economically and environmentally safe petroleum resources requires the creative application of a wide range of knowledge including, but not limited to, the following: Petroleum engineering overlaps many engineering fields such as machinery, chemistry, and civil engineering. Petroleum engineers are now using advanced computers for exploration data and simulated reservoir behavior as well as oil field production and excavation work. Oil companies have many supercomputers in the world Petrolegine engineers face a challenging and opportunistic future. They must develop and apply new technologies for recovering hydrocarbons from oil shale, tar sands, undersea oil fields and gas fields. After applying traditional production techniques, they also have to design new technology to recover the oil remaining on the ground. As many oil companies operate on a global scale, oil engineers have opportunities to work all over the world. Petroleum engineers have to deal with the various technical, political and economic problems encountered in these missions. These exciting challenges combine to provide the most valuable career for oil engineers. Learn more about current research in this field and our research page on how our world class teachers and students can change the world. Subtitle of Stanford University Petroleum Engineering 101 is "How to dig oil well". This is mainly done by petroleum engineers. From choosing the desired place to removing the drilling equipment from the oil, he took part in all stages of oil exploration. This means traveling, staying in strange (sometimes inappropriate) places, and uncertain labor conditions. "This is the life of a gambler," one oil engineer wrote, others agreed. Another person wrote, "If you work with engineering and gambling, oil engineering is for you." People who are not attracted to both should avoid this high risk area. Petroleum engineers often work at oil companies with different abilities. A typical oil engineer works in this field. First, he looks for potential places likely to contain oil and gas. PE then oversees the construction and operation of the site and coordinates the plan accordingly. Petroleum engineering is one of the most important occupations in society. This is an engineering field that includes chemical moieties and hydrocarbons can be crude oil / natural gas oils. Petroleum engineering has many difficult stages. It will be explained when reading more about other facts about the importance of petroleum engineering. Petroleum engineering is the development and use of crude oil / oil and natural gas. Foundation was founded in California in the 1890s. This occupation was developed to combine oil production areas and well areas to prevent large quantities of water from entering the oil production area.

The Green Revolution is no longer a fond dream of a few supporters, but for the people of the world including the United States now it is a necessary step to stabilize the economy and save crude oil natural resource oil. US dependence on the oil is a threat to the economy, a threat to our national security. Imports of crude oil caused a shift of wealth from oil consumers to oil producing countries. As the United States has used most of the crude oil supply, we imported most of the crude oil from Canada as a country, and the rest came from the Middle East. It is clear how far the United States must travel first. Despite its huge economic and structural advantages, it is ranked 18th in the world. By emulating Russia (62th in the list) or China (76th), it will not go up to the top. But at least for the moment, if the "first Americans" are really goals, the leaders of this country have tools suitable for this job. What should the United States do? Strategic drift in the last 20 years has already passed to Russia and China. The unsuccessful war of George W. Bush is distracting and weakens its support for the global role of the United States. Barack Obama is pursuing a diplomatic austerity policy and is openly skeptical about the value of hard power. Today, Mr. Trump said that he wanted America to be a great American again, but it solved this problem in the wrong way. He avoided multilateral organizations, regarded the alliance as an unnecessary burden, and publicly admired the American dictatorial regime. Mr. Trump seems to want to abandon the defense of the system established by the United States, joining Russia and China is another stubborn revisionist forces. The US fortress mentality priority and the government's foreign policy are not adjusted and are beneficial to China. As the US leans, others will lean as well. The Trump regime has opposed American allies in Europe and East Asia, but Beijing expressly expresses its intention to become a global leader. Through BRI, China provides an alternative to multilateral Western economic institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Mr. Tillerson explained that Chinese infrastructure investment seems very generous initially, but often bored heavy debtor countries. To ensure their sovereignty and their future economic control. "

Economic factors related to rising gasoline prices In 2004, gasoline prices steadily rose. From January 2004 to May 2004, there were about 50 cents per gallon (Energy Information Administration). For many Americans, high crude oil prices are always a serious problem for them, and these variations seem to have no rhyme or reason. Because the popularity of multipurpose sports cars is increased and a large amount of gasoline is needed, the problem of high crude oil does not appear to disappear soon. Please check the impact of gasoline price on your car selection. Gasoline prices rose sharply and fell based on the economic supply and demand of crude oil. When gas prices are low, Americans buy larger, heavier cars, SUVs and pickup trucks. If the price of natural gas is high, Americans will buy more compact and fuel efficient cars. When you buy the last car, does the price of crude oil and gasoline go up or down? The basic assumption for consumers to buy large items that require funds is that their household cash flow is sufficient to cover monthly loan payments. For most Americans this also means to assume their current wage will continue. However, as evidenced by the unemployment rate of 10% of the great recession of the past, many jobs are sensitive above and below the business cycle. Many factors influence the price of gasoline. Gasoline prices are affected by global market crude oil prices, gasoline supply and demand, domestic market competition, temporary supply confusion, government regulations or taxes. Every day new things may change the price American consumers pay for pumps. The United States relies on foreign oil and must continue until securing the stability of the Middle East or finding an alternative energy source. Taxes will continue to rise as the government's control gets stronger. Regulation will become increasingly strict until gasoline is used in a more environmentally friendly way. The price of natural gas continues to fluctuate, but it seems to tend to rise with the passage of time. The oil and gas industry has social and cultural influences. The main factor is domestic energy price rise. The high price of gasoline will make consumers pay more for gasoline and thus reduce the amount available for other consumption. Another factor is the government's fuel cost aid. In most areas of the US there are many resources available for power and heating available at the federal and state level. These programs will help suppliers such as BP receive service payments on behalf of unpaid invoices. The low-income household energy support program (LIHEAP) is funded by the Federal Ministry of Health and Human Services (DHHS). There are several available materials such as climate support program and home energy support program (HEAP).

On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil field exploded in the Gulf of Mexico. This explosion, managed by Transocean under the Macondo Prospect contract of BP, robbed 11 lives. Submerged drilling equipment delivered more than 210 million gallons of crude oil to the bay, causing enormous environmental damage to the marine ecosystem and affecting millions of wildlife habitats on the coast. In addition, the fishing industry and tourism industry are affected, human health problems are reported. Deepwater Horizon 's oil spill (also called BP oil spill) in the Gulf of Mexico is regarded as the biggest accidental offshore oil spill in the history of the oil industry. The oil spill was a direct result of the explosion and sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling equipment which took 11 lives. The total amount of oil was estimated at 9 million barrels. A huge crude oil carrier carrying the Liberian flag was divided into three, and 1,604,500 barrels (219,797 tons) of light crude oil and 4,000 tons of heavy oil were released, becoming the largest scale of oil spill at that time and became the largest scale. Loss of marine creatures recorded from oil spillage outflow The eleventh highest carbon emissions are BP and the CIF exceeds 18 million pounds. It is also the cause of leakage of oil to the Gulf of Mexico with the now infamous Deepwater Horizon oil petroleum, the biggest oil spill in the history of the oil industry. The US government estimated that 9 million barrels (210 million gallons) could not stop the flow after entering the water bay of the Gulf of Mexico. It was caused by a defective cement well. New Jersey invests millions of taxpayers on some of the world's most polluted companies The most uneasy and unforgettable is the explosion of the deep sea horizon (BP) in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. In addition to the death of 11 people, the region's ecosystem was destroyed. Some of the difficult reasons to overcome are due to deception around the event. First of all, the story said that only thousands of barrels of oil penetrated the well every day, and indeed even tens or even hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil were poured into the sea of ​​Mexico. Even after years, the damage still exists and people are still suffering

Introduction, the importance of water for the Oman economy. Oman is located in the arid area and the annual average rainfall is about 100 mm. It depends on groundwater and rainwater to meet the demand of water project to implement the Faraday pond and well: the utility model genius, and the ability to handle and utilize the environment and water source and water flow Period of Quality Wells: Offer important sources important for life and reliability, and inventory items for wells and Farazi. Oman's economy is mainly based on petroleum and natural gas. Due to limited energy reserves, Oman has decided to expand the economy from oil and gas production. The "Oman Vision 2020" development plan highlights that the Oman economy needs to expand its economy through industrialization and privatization. The main single industry investment target is the port city Sohar near the border of the United Arab Emirates. The government cooperates directly with several major privatization programs, including power generation projects, and other power and water generation programs. Oman predicts that the industry's contribution to GDP will double, ultimately creating travel-related jobs in excess of 1,1, 4, 0 0. In addition, the government built a second runway and a new terminal at Muscat International Airport in 2011. Overseas trade is very important for Oman. The discovery of oil has greatly improved the economy of Oman. Recent high oil price hikes are helping to set Oman 's budget, trade surplus, and foreign currency reserves. Crude oil, refined oil and natural gas account for the majority of exports, but imports mainly include machine equipment, transportation equipment, basic manufactured goods, and food. Some manufactured goods are also exported. Oman has increased dependence on imports in the past 30 years, but Oman has enjoyed a trade surplus by exporting its superiority in crude oil production. The development of Oman was limited until the massive oil mining began in the 1970s. Oman's economy is still dominated by oil, but with the sharp rise in crude oil prices, economic growth has flourished over the past decade. Over the past 30 years, the population of Oman has grown almost linearly with an average growth rate of around 8% since 1980. As a result, unprecedented wealth and growth are putting great pressure on road-dedicated transportation systems. Most development has occurred in the past 40 years and is beyond the capacity of the planning system to maintain the system.

If you do not use these components alone, you will be able to do the simplest things in your daily life. For example, gasoline and diesel are used for engines for automobiles and advanced vehicles.  Purification of the mixture For example, if the mixture is oil and dirt, you can distill the mixture to separate the dirt. For example, if crude oil is distilled from its constituents to remove dirt in the oil, it can be purified and used. Gulf countries' mineral water distills seawater into portable water because of lack of natural resources for lakes and clean water. A brief description of the crude distillation unit (CDU) process is as follows. First, incoming crude oil is warmed before entering the fractionator through a heat exchanger. Thereafter, the crude oil passes through a device called a desalination device to remove water droplets and inorganic salts contained in crude oil. It is then heated further by a heat exchanger. Crude oil then enters the furnace. Here it is heated to 330 - 350 ° C. Crude oil is then flushed in an atmospheric distillation column. Here it is divided into a number of fractions with a specific boiling range. When each fraction in the distillation column reaches a tray whose temperature is just below its own boiling point, the crude oil condenses back to the liquid phase. In a conventional distillation column (FIG. 1) having a feed, overhead product and bottom, heat is applied to the bottom of the stripping section. In distillation, heat is used as a separating agent. Heat is typically supplied to the bottom reboiler to evaporate the liquid mixture, but heat is lost when the top steam is liquefied in the reflux condenser. The temperature of this heat corresponds to the highest temperature point in the distillation column. The temperature of the heat released at the top of the rectifying section corresponds to the lowest temperature point in the distillation column. Therefore, the distillation involves heat loss from high to low temperature due to the separation operation. If the heat released in the rectification section of the distillation column is not recycled, the distillation efficiency decreases (Smith, 2005).

Mixed alkali - mixed base is just a kind of crude oil containing almost the same amount of paraffin and asphalt, neither of which is much bigger than the others. The product in mixed base crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Petroleum production There are several theories about the production of petroleum and natural gas, but in theory it has virtually not been confirmed. Many scientists believe that petroleum and gas deposits are formed by plant and animal residues. Propane - also known as liquefied petroleum gas or liquefied petroleum gas - is a by-product of natural gas treatment and crude oil refining. Propane is widely used as a fuel for cooking and heating and it is also a popular alternative fuel for automobiles. Positive: Propane has less emissions than gasoline, and infrastructure of transportation, storage and distribution of propane is also developed. Minus: Methane produced by the production of natural gas is a greenhouse gas and global warming is one twenty-one of the carbon dioxide. The US plastic is traditionally made from by-products of petroleum, but now it is the most abundant in domestic "abundant and affordable" natural gas. Ethane and propane of natural gas liquid (NGL) are extracted and the "cracking facility" where ethane is made into ethylene (polyethylene basics - commonly used in the world's most common plastics, packaging, bottles, synthetic clothing items) I will send it. It is made from polypropylene with a dehydrogenator (the foundation of polypropylene - plastics commonly found in food packaging and automobile manufacturing) Petroleum Qatar's crude oil output is the second lowest in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), but the increase in non-crude oil production, the majority of which is a by-product of natural gas production, contributes to the gradual growth of total liquid production doing. Qatar has been a member of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Organization since 1961. According to the oil and gas magazine "as of January 2015", oil reserves proved to be 25.2 billion barrels, Qatar is the ninth largest reserve of OPEC and the 13th largest reserves I have. Production volume of crude oil and lease condensate in Qatar is 17th in the world, and most of the output of that country is exported as a foreign exporter.

Oil - Construction or Combustion Chemistry Petroleum is one of three fossil fuels consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons. Oil is used as an important energy source in the world. Approximately 90% of the extracted oil is used for energy. Petroleum is also important in the production of synthetic compounds such as plastics. Oil is not as regenerable as all fossil fuels, so please do not use it freely. You should build it or burn it. We need to understand this in order to provide valuable opinions on whether to establish or burn some chemical concepts, so this is explained below. Biodiesel is a liquid fuel made from renewable resources such as new and used vegetable and animal fats and is a cleaner alternative to petroleum based diesel fuel. It is nontoxic and biodegradable. Like petroleum-derived diesel, biodiesel is used for fuel compression ignition (diesel) engines. Biodiesel can be blended with any proportion of petroleum diesel including B100 (pure biodiesel) and the most common mixture B20 (including a mixture of 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel). It is made by mixing vegetable oil, animal fat or reconstituted edible oil with alcohol. Biofuels are transportation fuels made from biomass materials such as ethanol and biodiesel. These fuels are usually mixed with petroleum fuels (gasoline and diesel fuel), but they can also be used separately. The use of ethanol or biodiesel means to reduce the burning of gasoline and diesel fuel and it can reduce the amount of crude oil imported from other countries. Ethanol and biodiesel are also cleaner fuels than pure gasoline and diesel fuel. Most of the fuel ethanol used in the United States is distilled from corn. Scientists are studying ways to make ethanol from every part of plants and trees, not just cereals. Farmers are experimenting with rapidly growing woody crops such as poplar and willow and switchgrass and checking whether they can produce ethanol. Gasoline is a liquid obtained from petroleum, and is mainly used as fuel for automobiles. Fuel is burnable gasoline (supplies heat or electricity). As the fuel burns it releases a complex mixture of compounds that causes the formation of smoke and other potentially toxic contaminants. About 84% of the total oil extracted from the ground is burned as fuel (1). Concerns over the increase in pollution, research has been focused on reducing world dependence on petroleum, so ethanol, methanol, electricity, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), biodiesel, hydrogen, compressed natural gas etc. The transition to alternative fuels is being promoted. (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Alternative fuels are fuels that may originate from non-crude oil or fuels combined with petroleum. Alternative fuel vehicles can make a significant contribution to help the global transport sector reduce dependence on oil.

Natural gas has a lot of influence on our society, some of which have a negative impact on our lives. When going to work, going to school, and going out, our daily life is on gasoline. We use natural gas for power, automobiles and many others. Because natural gas can be used in a variety of forms, the impact of natural gas directly affects our lives. During the vacation, gas reduction has many adverse consequences, and all prices are rising, "inflation" and car companies are manufacturing more efficient cars. First, many Americans are shortening vacation time due to rising natural gas prices. I am conducting an informal survey on the cause and effect of rising natural gas price today. There are two views on the reasons for these soaring natural gas prices. Newspaper articles and AP correspond to these issues "Reduction of OPEC by about 8% of crude oil production in the spring of last year". Although this statement is correct, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries has decided to cut production. The reason for this is related to the reason for the rise in natural gas prices. As I always suspected, the increase is due to a slowdown in production, which is directly related to changing industries and technical standards. There is a new business in town, and its name is e-commerce (e-commerce or e-commerce). One of the basic principles of e-commerce is real-time practice. New York gasoline prices rose to $ 3.00 per gallon on June 1, 2018. - New York gasoline price rise will affect Uber and Lyft driver's income. This is due to the rise in oil prices. (Photo: Don EMMERT / AFP) / Ali About BEKHTAOUI 'Uber's story, Lyft's driver is plagued by rising gasoline prices' (photo source should read DON EMMERT / AFP / Getty Images) Oil export Given the decision to increase the supply of 1 million barrels per day last week by the State Organization, let's fight against the most important petroleum product called gasoline whose price has dropped from the high value for the first time in 4 years. Crude oil (oil) is, of course, the main input for the production of gasoline, its price accounts for the majority of gasoline prices, 50% last year, almost 70% in 2011, High crude oil prices are due to high crude oil prices. Because oil costs make up 72% of gasoline price. The remaining 28% comes from distribution, refining and taxation. As crude oil prices rise, it can be expected that crude oil prices will rise after six weeks. On May 10, 2018, world oil price reached 80 dollars per barrel. Formerly, the US decided to withdraw from Iran's nuclear agreement and resume sanctions. Iranian production is expected to decline. In addition, production in Libya and Venezuela is facing restrictions. After the Meeting of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries on November 30, 2017, oil prices also rose. Members agreed to reduce production by 2018. The US Energy Information Bureau predicts oil prices will be $ 73 per barrel in the second half of 2018 and $ 69 per barrel in 2019.

One of the world's largest oil-producing areas is in the western part of Texas. This area is known as the Permian Basin. Most of the petroleum is produced from rocks formed during the Permian period. The largest of these rocks lies in the Permian Basin and Southeastern New Mexico. This is the reason why this area is known as the Permian basin. The main feature of the Permian basin was formed early in the Paleozoic era, but it did not fold up to the times of Mississippi and Pennsylvania and formed the summary of the basin presented to us today. An important cause of the restoration of hydraulic crushing is the area of ​​the Triassic Basin in the western Texas and southeastern New Mexico. The existence of Petroleum in the Triassic was not a secret, it prospered for the first time almost a century ago. But oil companies believe that most of them have been mined - until around 2010 entrepreneurs began to go bankrupt. Scott Sheffield, former CEO of Pioneer Natural Resources stated that there may be 75 billion barrels of oil in the Permian, following the Gavar oil field in Saudi Arabia. One of the world's largest oil-producing areas is in the western part of Texas. This area is known as the Permian Basin. Most of the petroleum is produced from rocks formed during the Permian period. The largest of these rocks lies in the Permian Basin and Southeastern New Mexico. This is the reason why this area is known as the Permian basin. - Geology management over the coastal topography of the Swanage area can have a significant impact on many coastal areas. This is because the rock formations and structures of the rock affect the coastal topography and the various processes that occur may affect the formation of the topography. Starting from the Swanage area, you can see that the Swanage area is the Atlantic Ocean. Traffic regulation - the continued prosperity of domestic oil production in the Permian Basin in western Texas, Bakken shale in North Dakota Province, and the DJ Basin in eastern Colorado state, the capacity of the new pipeline will boost production, Regulation is occurring. I will increase it. This resulted in an increase in transportation costs this year, which in turn raised the price of gasoline for pumps. Rising crude oil prices - As I mentioned in this article on April 19, crude oil prices have risen to the highest level since 2014. Given that crude oil is the main raw material for refining, a drastic rise in crude oil price will inevitably lead to a rise in pump price. In the last article, I explained in detail the reasons for the current rise in crude oil price.

MCX Mentha crude oil price decreased by 0.91% from the previous day's closing price at around 11:00 am, at around 1,796.50 rupees per day Commodity derivatives are traded on commodity exchanges. Currently there are two major commodity exchanges, NCDEX (Domestic Product Derivative Exchange) and MCX (Multiple Commodity Exchange). Agricultural products such as gold, silver, cereals, beans, spices, oils, oilseeds, peppermint oil, metal, crude oil etc. are traded on exchanges. Previously, the sellers and buyers of all the goods were a common market of trade. Purchasers can determine the quantity of products in the current fiscal year and the seller can determine the demand for the products. Therefore, the opposition has no choice as they can determine their terminology. Therefore, in order to avoid this unfavorable price fluctuation, people feel the demand for product exchange. The commodity market covers all business of primary products and primary products from hard products such as gold and petroleum to agricultural products of soft products such as wheat and coffee. In the metal commodity market, copper and iron amounted to $ 91 billion and $ 115 billion, respectively, and the oil market alone reached 1.72 trillion dollars. In the joint Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) concluded in December 2017, NR Capital, SingularityNET, and Six Kin Development aim to apply the application of artificial intelligence to achieve supply chain digitization and product full automation and efficiency We have agreed to cooperate to achieve several objectives including including. Trade finance business partners will also explore how to introduce SingularityNET's distributed AI market to introduce these new AI services to previously inaccessible consumers around the world. We are looking forward to sharing the results of this partnership with local communities. The commodity market is a market that is traded in the primary economic sector, not the manufactured item. Soft items are agricultural products such as wheat, coffee, cocoa, fruits, sugar. Mining of coins such as gold and petroleum. Investors have access to about 50 major commodity markets around the world, purely financial transactions are more and more spot transactions over delivery of goods. Futures contracts are the fastest way to invest in products. Futures are guaranteed by physical assets. The commodity market may include the use of spot price, forward, futures and futures options for cash and derivative transactions. For centuries farmers have used simple forms of derivative transactions in commodity markets for price risk management.

Many things put pressure on family ties. Health problems, mental disorders, child discipline problems, and economic problems are some of the obstacles that may affect any family. There may be many reasons for financial problems and if it is not dealt with properly it will bring disastrous results. Families can take several steps to avoid problems or how to hit them The 2009 Gallup poll showed that the most important financial problems faced by families are lack of funds, excess debt, ownership or rental costs, unemployment and medical expenses. Families are concerned about fundamental economic problems rather than certain problems such as high crude oil prices, crude oil prices and taxes. Many families have no financial management skills and face economic problems because they make informed decisions about how to use revenue and credits. Uncontrollable factors such as unemployment can increase the economic problems of the family. If shopping is outrageous, lack of communication can cause problems. Other causes of family economic problems include pressure that leads to addiction, emotional problems, and irrational consumption patterns Family economic problems can lead to stress. Some couples are not seeking solutions to problems related to money, but are seeking expenditure habits. Sometimes money discrepancies become serious and may lead to divorce. Children may feel troubled in the discussion, feel guilty when they receive the benefit of purchase, and may be disappointed when money can not possess their own on the issue of money. As economic problems affect the whole family, the conference explains economic problems and develops solutions. Let's make a budget to save money by losing debts. Perform appropriate record management practices and then stick to them with prioritization. Displaying bank statements, monthly invoices, and monthly revenue information over the past 6 months will help you determine your family budget needs. Family leaders can work hard to set a budget to save money by losing debts. Then it performs the appropriate record management practices and sticks to them with prioritization. If the credit problem is outrageable, please contact the creditor and develop a manageable payment method or seek professional help through consumer credit counseling. If sudden unemployment or other unforeseen circumstances occur, the family should have a savings account with a monthly allowance of 6 months. Do not try to survive with credit cards in case of emergency The economic problems of most families do not occur overnight. This is usually caused by factors that affect the amount of money that goes into the house. Credit cards allow many people to live beyond their abilities, and many people can pay the lowest fee only when the high end of the month reaches the post. This leads to high debt that can last for years. Adjustable interest mortgage loans payment of mortgage fluctuates and many homeowners may be lagging behind. Losing payment on one or two of your cars may also cause you to face a recovery, paying a late fee as well Many things put pressure on family ties. Health problems, mental disorders, child discipline problems, and economic problems are some of the obstacles that may affect any family. There may be many reasons for financial problems and if it is not dealt with properly it will bring disastrous results. Families can take several steps in order to avoid problems or to dig your way. The 2009 Gallup poll showed that the most important financial problems facing families are fund shortage, excessive debt, ownership or rental costs, unemployment and medical expenses. Families are concerned about fundamental economic problems rather than certain problems such as high crude oil prices, crude oil prices and taxes. Many families have no financial management skills and are facing economic problems because they make decisions based on sufficient information about how to use revenue and credits

About 11 years ago, the southern coast of Prince William Bay in Alaska province was known as a disaster area. Oil filter that feel unpleasant feeling of rotten corpse and smell in the air. The feathers of the oil screams at the pain, so seabirds are struggling. Water blackens the anger of inevitable toxicity, so there are billions of biological ceasefire on the surface. Prince William Bay was once a beautiful and elegant place that is now the dying environment of one's home. The media broadcasts images of the world, which is a sight that can hardly bear this. Most people including me want to know if the theater will revive more ecological shows ...... Within a few weeks the spill will start a large-scale cleanup work and will proceed to the lower level in the next three years. Cleanup of Oil Spill About 14% of crew members collected (Newsweek, 50 pages). Thanks to these efforts and natural weathering, 1992, almost nothing due to oil spill disaster area. However, according to the report of the United States Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, we have found some oil residues still under the ocean waves and regional waves. . However, these residues were highly weathered and reduced tolerance to acceptable levels (7) aquatic organisms. Nevertheless, the Exxon Valdez oil spill accident caused by scale and timing affects the seawater fish and wildlife people that may occur soon, and these effects may be permanent troubles concerning the prospects I do not think so. Professor John Wiens, Professor Page and David studied the influence of oil spills and spent many years, they spent a lot of years on 8 March, in oil leaks held in Seattle in 1999, at their international conference We announced the findings. Their discovery includes the latest results of Prince's ongoing research. William Sound. Through extensive cooperation with three different groups of animals affected by leaks, they show a remarkable recovery through the ecosystem of Prince William Bay (Wiens, Page, etc.). The first scientist to study pink seeds In this article, we describe and analyze the Exxon Valdez oil spill accident disaster in 1989 at Alaska's Prince William Bay. The incident caused 11 million gallons of 987 ft tanker ship Exxon Valdez crude oil that occurred in March 1989 and hit Bri Reef. Prince William Gulf oil from damaged tanker Influx of the pristine ocean. It creates one of the largest artificial ecological disasters in the US history for decades. Also, this report will explain the Exxon Mobil mission and vision as well as the crude refining process. Also included are reasons leading to the Exxon Valdez oil spill accident and its impact after the accident occurred. Meanwhile, we also studied fundamental improvements and change management systems to prevent disasters from happening again Recovery In the Exxon Valdez and Prince William Bay, the area on the southern coast of Alaska is known as Prince William Gulf and is a disaster area about 11 years ago. Oil filter that feel unpleasant feeling of rotten corpse and smell in the air. The feathers of the oil screams at the pain, so seabirds are struggling. Water blackens the anger of inevitable toxicity, so there are billions of biological ceasefire on the surface. - Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Automatic identification technology uses radio waves known as people and objects. There are several methods to identify, most commonly identifying the sequence number and possibly other information (both chip and antenna are called RFID transponders) or RFID tags of the stored person or object In order to connect to the antenna on the microchip.

Writing essays (up to 1000 words) about the use of trajectories and signs to determine the existence and complexity (and missing) of mammalian species (25%) Search and identification of orbits and signs in the field of ecology is always It is one of them. It is the hardest job. This is because there is a possibility that a series of different problems can occur and it is likely to occur. There are several ways to find animals' tracking and signs. When searching for specific species, research is needed to understand which habitat spends most of their time. And when footprints and signatures are found, this will narrow down the list of seeds. SRY is a sex determination gene on the Y chromosome of theians (placental mammals and marsupials). Non-human mammals use several genes on the Y chromosome. Not all male-specific genes are on the Y chromosome. Other species, including most fruit fly species, use two X chromosomes to identify females. The X chromosome gives a hypothetical man. The presence of the Y chromosome gene is necessary for the development of normal men. Many insects of the Hymenoptera are systems in which men are haploid individuals (one chromosome for each type) and women are diploid (pair of chromosomes) (haploid - diploidy determination system) . It shows. Other insects have an X 0 sex determination system in which only one chromosome type appears in pairs in men, among women, but all other chromosomes are in both sexes It appears in pairs. Fruit fly X: It is not based on quantification, but the sex determination of humans and other mammals depends on the presence of the Y chromosome. Without people, mammals grow like women and people grow into men. Chromosome Composition Phenotype XXfemale XYmale XXYmale (Kleinfelter's Syndrome) Another contrast between XOfemale (Turner's Syndrome) and Drosophila is that individual oil is the main source of global energy and it is expected . In the coming decades. Since technology changes our current environment, oil was completed in the 1920s and 1930s. Since then, crude oil has become a major "raw material" in every economy, regardless of whether it is being developed or not. Changes in crude oil prices have a positive and negative impact on each economy

In the current situation, the best way to use large quantities of bitumen with Alberta's tar sands pipeline is included. Currently there are relatively few pipelines in British Columbia and there is a major route between Taylor and Kamloops. The main new problem that has been discussed for a while is whether to establish the northern portal project. Enbridge Inc. is a major oil and gas pipeline operator throughout North America and plans to construct a pipeline. From BC's Kitimat to AB Brudenheim, we are planning to build a double pipeline of about 1,177 kilometers. Athabasca Oil Sands (or Tar Sands) is a large amount of bitumen or very heavy crude oil located in the northeastern part of Alberta, Canada, concentrated in Fort McMurray, an emerging city. These oil sands are mainly in the McMurray layer and consist of a mixture of coarse bitumen (semisolid crude), quartz sand, clay mineral, water. The Athabasca deposit is the world's largest known crude oil bitumen reservoir, the largest of the three largest oil sands deposits in Alberta, and the nearby Peace River and Cold Lake deposits (the latter covering Saskatchewan) is there. Wenzhou) Tar sands (also called oil sands) are mixtures of clay, sand, water and bitumen, and are dark black viscous oils. You can mineralize and process tar sands, extract oil-rich bitumen, and refine it to petroleum. Bitumen in tar sands can not be extracted from the ground in its natural state; instead, tar sands deposits are generally mined using strip mining or open pit technique Tar sands are mined and processed Then, it generates oil similar to oil extracted from conventional well, but extracting oil from tar sands is more complicated than conventional oil recovery. The oil sand recovery process involves an extraction and separation system for separating the bitumen from clay, sand and water making up the tar sands. Further improvement is required for asphalt to refine. Because it is highly viscous (dense), it must also be diluted with light hydrocarbons so that it can be transported by pipes.

Historical petroleum engineering is one of the most important careers in society. This is an engineering field that includes chemical moieties and hydrocarbons can be crude oil / natural gas oils. Petroleum engineering has many difficult stages. It will be explained when reading more about other facts about the importance of petroleum engineering. Petroleum engineering is the development and use of crude oil / oil and natural gas. Foundation was founded in California in the 1890s. This occupation was developed to combine oil production areas and well areas to prevent large quantities of water from entering the oil production area. This term relies on oil and gas for energy. It is necessary to locate and extract natural gas and oil. Show more (N.d.) Search on 22nd May 2014, http: // daily life.globalpost.com/petroleum engineering - 2590.html). You need to obtain a self-employed technology license holder, but you can choose whether you work under the direction of another licensed engineer. To succeed in this field you should be well educated in science and mathematics. Possible work related to petroleum engineering is like Exxon Mobil, Chevron, or other factory dealing with natural gas or oil. You can also talk, write, read compression, monitor, time management, science and mathematics. Especially in the large oil field of East Texas in the state of East Texas, petroleum engineering focused on oil and gas reservoir systems rather than individual wells was done due to the economic crisis due to many discoveries (Encyclopedia Britannica) . Among the people who succeeded in this occupation are Mark Albers (Mark Albers was a senior vice president and chief financial officer of Sammy) Andrew Swiger (Ecker) who worked at Exxon Mobil where he was responsible for various management positions Jay R. Poyol (Jeepoleol is vice president of business development of Chevron, he is also in charge of oil company) In order to become an oil engineer, oil recovery is also a chemical engineering process, and many work is also production development and waste disposal. Machine engineers are also eligible to work in this field Learning petroleum engineering means that you can move to a well or well site to design and develop methods for extracting, producing and refining petroleum and gas, you work in the office or petroleum You can become an engineer. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) estimates that the average salary of petroleum engineers in 2017 is $ 132,280. Workers in the petroleum industry report more than average flexibility, less than average flexibility, less than average work-life balance. They must also meet the uncertainties of the oil and gas industry. According to the Wall Street Journal, when crude oil prices fall by more than 40% in 2015, energy service companies cut about 120,000 workers and about 1,800 petroleum engineers who graduated that year gave the job fee Needless to say, I tried to search for all kinds of work. Historical petroleum engineering is one of the most important careers in society. This is an engineering field that includes chemical moieties and hydrocarbons can be crude oil / natural gas oils. Petroleum engineering has many difficult stages. It will be explained when reading more about other facts about the importance of petroleum engineering. Petroleum engineering is the development and use of crude oil / oil and natural gas. Foundation was founded in California in the 1890s. This occupation was developed to combine oil production areas and well areas to prevent large quantities of water from entering the oil production area.

Petroleum is fossil fuels and other coal. Oil is also a renewable resource. (Petroleum.co.uk, 2013). Hydrocarbon liquid mixture oil is oil under the surface of the earth. (Required Project, 2001) Oil is formed when plants and animals die and deposit on the seabed and sink thousands of feet under the sea. Petroleum is also formed from some other substances that are hydrocarbons and mainly sulfur. The original form of crude oil is called crude oil, it can be all different colors such as black transparent and green, can be thin like gas or can be thick like tar. There is a big difference between fossil fuel and renewable energy. The concept of energy resources focuses on the scope of resources and the scope / allocation of resources. Energy use such as gasoline consumption is not included in this topic. Fossil fuel resources include oil accumulation, natural gas accumulation, sediments of coal, lignite or peat, and uranium deposits. Bioenergy includes forest resources, grain or agricultural residues, and wind energy that can be used for energy measurement - estimated by wind measurements and terrain information. Geothermal energy as a natural heat flow of renewable energy and clean energy is highly appreciated INSPRE 's energy resources cover the entire lifecycle of history, current and future energy resources, and energy resources, regardless of their economic, social and technological feasibility. It takes into account the resources exhausted in the past for mining and the resources that are currently not feasible, but that may be possible in the future. Information on location and energy potential has a major impact on the environment. Since this impact has both positive and negative effects, it is very valuable to properly understand the scope, distribution, and quantity of resources. Energy resources are an important part of all social transport modes, but transport of energy resources is equally important. Energy resources are far from where they are consumed in many cases. Therefore, their shipping always has problems. Some energy sources such as liquid fuel and gaseous fuel are transported using tankers and pipelines, and a grid network grid is always required for electric transport. Whether it transports energy through tankers, pipelines or transmission lines, scientists and engineers, policy makers and economists is challenging to make them more risk-free and efficient. Energy management is important as energy costs are an important element of socio-economic performance. Energy management involves more efficient use of available energy resources with minimal incremental costs. In many cases, energy saving can be realized without introducing new technology with a simple management method. In most cases, energy management is to use energy more efficiently by eliminating energy waste and balancing proper energy supply and appropriate energy demand. This process combines energy consciousness with energy efficiency

Plains All-American Pipeline, L. P. (NYSE: PAA) is a listed-only partnership that owns and operates midstream energy infrastructure and provides logistics services for crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas. PAA has extensive pipeline transportation, terminal, storage and recovery asset networks in major crude oil and NGL production basin and transport corridors, as well as major market hubs in the United States and Canada. Plains GP Holdings (NYSE: PAGP) is a publicly traded company holding a non-economic interest in PAA with a common partner's equity and an indirect finite partnership interest in PAA and is the largest energy infrastructure and logistics company in North America It is one. Plain Indians, Inland Plain Indians or Indigenous Peoples of Great Plains and Canadian Savannah are traditionally the native American tribes and the governments of the First National Orchestra who lived in Great Plains in North America (Great Plains and Canada Prairie). . Their nomadic culture and the development of equestrian culture, and the armies against the resistance and regulation of the Canadian and American governments became prototypes of American Indian literature and art. Plains All-American Pipeline, L. P. (NYSE: PAA) is a listed-only partnership that owns and operates midstream energy infrastructure and provides logistics services for crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas. PAA has extensive pipeline transportation, terminal, storage and recovery asset networks in major crude oil and NGL production basin and transport corridors, as well as major market hubs in the United States and Canada. Ironically, the completion of a new oil pipeline is exacerbating the gas supply. According to RBN, the expansion of the Sunrise oil pipeline owned by the Plains All American Pipeline LP began to improve the oil extraction capacity. This allows for more drilling and finishing and brings more natural gas. Oversupply brought about other effects on low prices. Drilling operators are often vented, burned, or otherwise leaking natural gas during the drilling operation, which can have environmental and economic impacts. Common sense report by the Wilderness Society and taxpayers, from 2009 to 2015, public drilling workers are sufficient to meet 46.2 billion cubic feet (Bcf) of natural gas or demand of 6.2 million households per year Natural gas was wasted. The average price for this period was $ 3.65 / MMBtu, waste of natural gas was about $ 1.7 billion.

In this article I will explain how the oil cartel known as the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) influenced the US economy in the 1970s, the impact of today, and the impact that that power will continue to have on us. Thinking about Foreign Policy and Energy Policy First, I will explain the situation and history of OPEC, and its impact on all the citizens of the United States. Then I will discuss how past leaders addressed the pressures of further economic impact at the time. It revealed the necessity of energy policy and urgent need to tackle foreign policy issues like robots. In the past few weeks, the powerful international oil cartel of OPEC's Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) has gradually collapsed. Since its establishment in 1960 OPEC has had a tremendous impact on the oil industry, price management and supply. The cartel was known for the 1973 oil embargo against America and Western Europe. Supporting Israel in the Yom Kipple War, exposing the West to the oil crisis, eventually leading to a recession that lasted nearly 10 years. Since that time, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries has used petroleum as a political and economic weapon which accounts for more than a third of the world's crude oil supply. But as confusion presses the Middle East and disputes the political alliance, as the opposition between its members grows stronger, the cartel's power will begin to fade away. The conclusion of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) has been exaggerated. Over the past 40 years, Western policy makers and scholars have focused on predicting the end of OPEC, ignoring the deeper and immediate problems of the world economic interests, with the abolition of OPEC and appropriate methods I have done it. Structural Adjustment Since the invention of internal combustion engines, petroleum has almost monopolized as the major promoter of major economic growth of energy and transport at the top of the food chain of goods. Today, the oil market is larger than the sum of all raw metal commodity markets. The US Energy Information Agency (EIA) forecasts that world oil demand will be about ninety-nine million barrels per day in 2017 and will exceed 100 million barrels per day in the second half of 2018. A group of oil producers established the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries in the 1960s, following the power of an international oil company that cooperated to lower oil prices. Due to the 1973 oil embargo, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries had a great impact on the world. This embargo is the result of US support for Israel when Egypt and Syria began attacking this country. As the US provides more financial assistance to Israel, Saudi Arabia and other Arab oil-producing countries impose full embargo on US oil transport. The embargo is a short term, but the impact of Saudi crude oil prices has risen from $ 1.39 a barrel. $ 8.32 between January 1, 1970 and January 1, 1974

Overview of 'Recovery OPEC Blues' and 'Reasonable Prosperity' Since the price of intermediate crude oil in West Texas reached 13 USD per barrel in March 1999, prices have steadily risen at all stages of the economy I will. Petroleum Exporting Countries Organization (OPEC) is mainly responsible for setting production goals in the Middle East, but is seeking ways to raise prices. At the moment OPEC members "promised to cut crude oil supplies and boost oil prices" (Business Week, 48) The results were above expectations. Crude oil price reached 27 dollars per barrel on 23 November 1999, and it was a Gulf countries since 1991. The best price after the war. But, of course, rational prosperity became irrational (Toronto is also very cold). Robert Schiller predicted the dot com bubble with his book "Irrational Prosperity". He also won the Nobel Prize and predicted the 2008 crash in his 2003 paper. Is there a bubble in the housing market? Schiller announced in the New York Times in 2004 that "People are excited about pricing and start to behave differently ... the bubble is always popular after all." But even Syrah ridiculed market cheerleaders it was done. In fact, when Schiller joined CNBC in 2005 and warned of imminent collapse, his co-team members just announced the book "You missed the real estate boom"? David Lereah was later included in Time magazine's "25 people to cope with the financial crisis" after 20-20 years. Ironic Investors are human beings, and humans are not necessarily completely rational. Investors tend to use overreaction (or irrational prosperity) and various other options that may not be understood. The growth of behavioral finance research is trying to understand the behavior of investors who do not follow a rational model. For example, research on the prospect theory of Daniel Kerneman and research on behavioral economics of Richard Tuller shows that people have not made rational decisions. People make decisions based on various personal biases, mostly short-term results, not optimal results. Investors and investors are ahead of themselves because "reasonable prosperity becomes irrational prosperity" for reasons. In this technology investment market, this may start at least three years, perhaps five years ago. As usual it is widely believed that this event will be different. Of course it is not. You can expect the best, but if this period is like a previous depression, the worst situation still exists. It is particularly worth noting that the stock market recovered in the past three months. Unfortunately, this does not change the fact that ubiquitous irrational prosperity

Unstable fluctuations in natural gas prices around the world Gasoline prices are nearly a major advantage for all people in almost all regions of the country and the world. Every month, or more frequently, the price of natural gas has risen or declined, but it seems that we have never maintained a steady state. Gasoline prices are influenced by various factors such as global market crude oil price, gasoline supply and demand, domestic market competition, temporary supply confusion, government regulation, tax. Many economists have studied the effect of changes in oil prices on the price of natural gas, the so-called relocation method. The general view is that recruitment is not symmetrical. The rate of change in gasoline prices depends on whether gasoline prices are relatively higher or lower than oil prices. Leisure and industry observers say that if the gasoline price is relatively low, gasoline prices will be relatively low, gasoline prices will adapt more quickly to changes in oil prices. When crude oil prices rise past the stable period, we can see this uneven transmission - gasoline prices are rising rapidly. In contrast, when oil prices fall through a stable period, gasoline prices slowly decline. In the gasoline industry, this phenomenon is known as "rocket and feathers". Supply and demand of the world affects crude oil price. Most of the rise in natural gas prices in the 1990s was due to the surge in oil. The world event caused shortage, gasoline became rapidly expensive. These include the Persian Gulf War in 1990, the Iran / Iraq War in 1980, and the Arab Oil Embargo in 1973. In 2008, lower US dollars and political events and conflicts in the oil-producing region brought about a sharp rise in crude oil prices. The Environmental Protection Agency is requesting the use of reconstituted mixtures in the metropolitan area from April to September. Since the introduction of the Atmospheric Purification Law in 1990, it has followed this custom. Because of the high manufacturing cost of this fuel, it resulted in an average price increase of 2 to 4 cents per gallon. This is one reason for price increases. In the summer. Due to the reconfiguration of the mixture, the price soared. Natural gas prices are one of the main selling points of generators. Natural gas is far cheaper than other alternatives and can dramatically reduce costs. Fuel prices in other forms are diverse, unstable and fluctuating, and companies suffer more loss than originally. Natural gas prices are lower than other types, prices are about half of electricity and oil prices. This automatic excess can easily pay the cost of the generator itself and increase revenue. Since most other types of natural gas are in rock form, natural gas also provides reliability, guaranteed prices remain abundant without being changed.

Disaster of March 24, 1989, launch of 10.8 million gallons of oil to Alaska's Prince William Sound - after 20 years of Exxon Valdez oil spill - experts are still measuring its full impact Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Summary: Exxon Valdez tanker was hit by an oil spill incident at Exxon Valdez on March 24, 1989, from Valdez, Alaska to Long Beach, California. Ecological disaster. It is based on Bray Leaf of Prince William Sound of Alaska. The 1990 oil pollution control law was approved to make tankers safer. "Desert Storm" Behavior Summary: Hostility in the Gulf War began during the George HW Bush regime, its "defensive" behavior was called "desert shield action" (August 1990 From 2nd to 1st 1991 1) On the 16th of the month the US military gathered here in Saudi Arabia and Persian Gulf. Iraq was not in time for the withdrawal deadline from Kuwait, and it ran from a desert storm operation (January 17, 1991 to February 28, 1991). This is the code of conduct in the battle phase of the Gulf War. In this article, we describe and analyze the Exxon Valdez oil spill accident disaster in 1989 at Alaska's Prince William Bay. The incident caused 11 million gallons of 987 ft tanker ship Exxon Valdez crude oil that occurred in March 1989 and hit Bri Reef. Prince William Gulf oil from damaged tanker Influx of the pristine ocean. It creates one of the largest artificial ecological disasters in the US history for decades. Also, this report will explain the Exxon Mobil mission and vision as well as the crude refining process. Also included are reasons leading to the Exxon Valdez oil spill accident and its impact after the accident occurred. Meanwhile, we also studied fundamental improvements and change management systems to prevent disasters from happening again On 24th March 1989, the tanker of Exxon Valdez attacked the Bri Reef of Prince William Sound in Alaska and leaked more than 11 million gallons (42,000 cubic meters). )crude oil. Exxon Valdez's oil spill accident was the second largest oil spill accident in the US history and passed the 1990 oil pollution law after the Exxon Valdez incident. The US reduced the $ 5 billion preliminary sentence to $ 575.5 million. The Supreme Court began in June 2008 and distribution of prizes began.

Gasoline gasoline we know today is coming from crude oil. Crude oil is a fossil fuel, a fuel source that can not be renewed (and disappears when it disappears). Fossil fuels are made up of plants and animals that naturally collapse that lived in the sea hundreds of years ago. Where sediments of crude oil were found, ancient oceans and the ocean floor were also discovered. When extracted from the soil, the crude oil may have a color from transparent to black, as well as resistance from flow or from water to molasses. Basically, both gasoline and diesel fuel come from petroleum, but the purification method is different. Unleaded gasoline is usually more refined than diesel. It consists of multiple carbon molecules ranging in size from C-1 to C-13. During the combustion process, gasoline combines with air to produce steam which is then ignited to ignite. During this process, larger carbon molecules (C - 11 to C - 13) are more difficult to burn, which is why it is estimated that only 80% of the fuel in the combustion chamber will burn during the first attempt is. Today, sulfur is a byproduct of energy available for refining fossil fuels to gasoline. When fuel burns, this improvement is good for preventing sulfur compounds from causing emptying of acid rain. However, it accumulated accumulation of elemental sulfur at refineries. According to Jeff Pyun, a biochemist at the University of Arizona, about 90% of this elemental sulfur produces sulfuric acid. But, "Since we have to go through millions of barrels of oil each day, we can only accumulate a few percentage points per barrel," Bien said. Annual production of waste sulfur near 100 million tons, 10% of annual production not used for sulfuric acid production is over 10 million tons The price of gasoline is 35% at maximum and the price of gasoline is 23%. The refinery hopes to phased out toxic waste and add ethanol, and refineries also want to add ultra low sulfur to gasoline and diesel. If operation improves, cleaning of fuel becomes difficult. OSHA has inspected nearly 500 refineries, but the refinery inspection has been completed. Oil and gas are facing major challenges in environmental protection from the viewpoint of price management. Technology has increased the environmental impact of natural gas and petroleum. A small investor is investing in a major oil company. Gasoline and domestic heating oil are made from plastic, toothpaste, shampoo, antihistamine and household paint, all of which contain similar petroleum. In addition, natural gas and oil industry are increasing every day, prices have not declined. When oil is refined

The recent decline in oil prices made the drivers happy, they started enjoying the cheapest petrol prices in the summer of 12 years. According to AAA, oil prices fell to bear market, gasoline price fell, falling everyday since June 2. The national average price of a 1 gallon regular car is now 2.28 dollars, dropping 10 cents from the beginning of this month. In 2017, Tom Kloza, Chief Oil Analyst of Crude Oil Price Information Service, announced that it will track the price of AAA pumps. Since people are driving more and the demand for gasoline is also increasing, at the beginning of the summer it is not usually a cheap natural gas time. In addition, at gas stations, we need to sell a special type of natural gas called summer mixed gas. This will reduce smoke generation, but the price will also be slightly higher. Mr. Croza said that the price of the pump may be cheaper than previous Christmas and New Year on the weekend of July 4th holiday the first century. "This year is such a year," he said. "Perhaps everyone anticipates oil prices will be around $ 50 and believes that oil actions will reach $ 70 to $ 70, due to the actions of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries." In contrast, crude oil prices closed on Tuesday at a low price for nine months of 43.23 dollar per barrel, slightly rebounded on Wednesday. US shale oil producers have balanced OPEC and Russia's efforts to increase production in the last few months, restrict supply and increase prices Natural gas less than $ 2 per gallon is becoming more common. According to AAA data, the cheapest state is South Carolina and the average price of natural gas is $ 1.96 per gallon. Several other states, such as Oklahoma, Alabama and Mississippi, are preparing to fall below an average of two dollars per gallon within a few days. These prices may exaggerate the price actually paid by most drivers. According to GasBuddy.com, there are stations that sold natural gas in the southern states, and even some of the northern states, with gallons less than $ 2 dollars. "I believe that wholesale prices are predicting retail prices, and I believe they are predicting, and we are ready for some very cheap natural gas," Kloza said . In recent years, the income of oil and natural gas accounts for nearly half of the Russian state budget. Along with the rise in oil prices, the prices of oil and gas stabilized and the price of natural gas fell. This correlation weakens at certain points and becomes stronger during other periods, but it will persist over time. As crude oil prices rise, government budgets will increase and Russia will invest in infrastructure, social programs, and defense investment. On the contrary, due to the depreciation of crude oil, the national budget has fallen in proportion to the price decline. Therefore, the most obvious impact of crude oil prices on the Russian economy is to reduce or expand the government budget. The price of natural gas is one of the most volatile prices in the economy as it increases and decreases according to supply, demand and other extrinsic factors in the global economy. Therefore it is not surprising that Hurricane Harvey raises gasoline costs throughout the United States. In addition, natural gas prices rose by 1 cents and US consumer spending fell by a billion dollars. Harvey expects to raise the national average natural gas price by 31 cents. This obviously will have a huge negative impact on consumer spending nationwide. Furthermore, the growth rate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the third quarter is expected to decrease by approximately 3%. This is not a permanent decrease in GDP growth, as GDP growth is expected to increase by 0.2% in the first quarter of 2018.

Introduction: The Persian Gulf is in Kuwait, the total area is 17,820 square kilometers (km 2). The north and the northwest border the border with Iraq, the south and the southwest border with Saudi Arabia, the east is bordering the Persian Gulf. The land is usually flat, with a slightly undulating desert plain sloping northeast; the elevation of Kuwait is about 300 meters. The majority of Kuwait is a desert including several oases (Kuwait water resources, 2007). The figure below shows the location of AL Kuwait. (2) Kuwait's geography, natural resources and climate are essential for the interests of that country. The climate of Kuwait is dry desert, hot summer, short and cool winter. The climate of Kuwait leads to limited natural freshwater resources, so approximately 75% of the drinking water must be distilled or imported. The concern for the country's water is very important because of the lack of natural water in Kuwait. The natural resources of Kuwait are mainly oil, fish, shrimp, natural gas. Oil and gas are popular natural resources, as Kuwait has proved 94 billion barrels of crude oil reserves and accounts for 10% of world reserves. Since the natural resources of Kuwait are poor and there are few crops, this will help to determine the national interests of Kuwait, and Kuwait must import large amounts of food every year. Resources include water, energy, land, minerals. Providing adequate natural resources is essential for developing the industrial and economic strengths of the country. For example, in the Persian Gulf War in 1991, Iraq partially captured Kuwait to secure that well. Water resources are controversial among many countries, including India, Pakistan, and the Middle East. The state of Kuwait is a sovereign state of the United Arab Emirates and is regarded as one of the Gulf countries. The name "Kuwait" comes from the plural form of "kout" which means "akwat" in Arabic, "fortress near water". The population of the Emirates is 4 million, located within the geographical range of 20,000 square kilometers. In the nineteenth century, Kuwait was influenced by the Ottoman Empire, and after World War I, he was known as an independent chief under the defense of the British Empire. A large oil field in Kuwait was discovered in the late 1930s The economy of Kuwait is based on petroleum and petrochemical products. Kuwait Oil Company was founded in 1934 by British and American companies. Mass production did not begin until the end of the Second World War, but oil was discovered in Saudi Arabia and in a neutral zone shared in the northern part of Kuwait in a few years later. In the early 1960s, Japanese oil companies found large amounts of offshore oil in the waters of Kuwait. Kuwait National Oil Company is using natural gas at the refinery of Ash Shu'aybah. Crude oil and petroleum products account for about 90% of Kuwait's exports. Less than 1% of the economy is based on agriculture

Writing essays (up to 1000 words) about the use of trajectories and signs to determine the existence and complexity (and missing) of mammalian species (25%) Search and identification of orbits and signs in the field of ecology is always It is one of them. It is the hardest job. This is because there is a possibility that a series of different problems can occur and it is likely to occur. There are several ways to find animals' tracking and signs. When searching for specific species, research is needed to understand which habitat spends most of their time. And when footprints and signatures are found, this will narrow down the list of seeds. SRY is a sex determination gene on the Y chromosome of theians (placental mammals and marsupials). Non-human mammals use several genes on the Y chromosome. Not all male-specific genes are on the Y chromosome. Other species, including most fruit fly species, use two X chromosomes to identify females. The X chromosome gives a hypothetical man. The presence of the Y chromosome gene is necessary for the development of normal men. Many insects of the Hymenoptera are systems in which men are haploid individuals (one chromosome for each type) and women are diploid (pair of chromosomes) (haploid - diploidy determination system) . It shows. Other insects have an X 0 sex determination system in which only one chromosome type appears in pairs in men, among women, but all other chromosomes are in both sexes It appears in pairs. Fruit fly X: It is not based on quantification, but the sex determination of humans and other mammals depends on the presence of the Y chromosome. Without people, mammals grow like women and people grow into men. Chromosome Composition Phenotype XXfemale XYmale XXYmale (Kleinfelter's Syndrome) Another contrast between XOfemale (Turner's Syndrome) and Drosophila is that individual oil is the main source of global energy and it is expected . In the coming decades. Since technology changes our current environment, oil was completed in the 1920s and 1930s. Since then, crude oil has become a major "raw material" in every economy, regardless of whether it is being developed or not. Changes in crude oil prices have a positive and negative impact on each economy

The reason for this report is to deepen the reader's understanding of Tar Beach in Alberta so that they can create their own views on this situation. This is a highly relevant political issue and has a huge impact on Canadian carbon emissions. Furthermore, I would like to learn more about tar sands in Alberta and understand the side effects of tar sands. How is tar sands different from other oil and energy procurement methods? Keystone Piping Systems is an existing oil pipeline system that connects tar sands in Alberta, Canada with various refineries, storage tanks and distribution in Illinois, Texas, Nebraska, and Oklahoma. System It runs to 2,500 miles with all existing branches. The proposed Keystone XL pipeline adds 1179 miles to the system and reduces transport related costs. The Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) is a 1,100 mile long oil pipeline connecting the Buccane Oil Field and refineries and tanks to the state of Illinois. Given tribal and environmental protests and the failure of the Obama administration to speed up the process in some way, DAPL is faced with obstacles to completion Athabasca Oil Sands (or Tar Sands) is a large amount of bitumen or very heavy crude oil located in the northeastern part of Alberta, Canada, concentrated in Fort McMurray, an emerging city. These oil sands are mainly in the McMurray layer and consist of a mixture of coarse bitumen (semisolid crude), quartz sand, clay mineral, water. The Athabasca deposit is the world's largest known crude oil bitumen reservoir, the largest of the three largest oil sands deposits in Alberta, and the nearby Peace River and Cold Lake deposits (the latter covering Saskatchewan) is there. Wenzhou) Most of the world's oil (over 2 trillion barrels) is in the form of tar sands, but not all of the oil can be exploited. Although tar sands can be found throughout the world, the world's largest deposits are located in Canada (Alberta) and Venezuela, with the remainder mainly in the Middle East. In the United States, tar sands resources concentrate in eastern Utah and concentrate on public land. Tar sands in Utah's original position are estimated to be 120-19 billion barrels

Risk of using fossil fuels Merriam-Webster University Dictionary defines the term fossil fuel as "fuel, coal, petroleum, or natural gas formed on the earth from plant and animal debris". Main fossil fuels include coal, oil and natural gas. Fossil fuels are very useful resources in the United States and around the world. We use gasoline to fuel our car and use the electricity from coal and oil to warm and cool our house. However, these advantages do not have drawbacks. Fossil fuels are an important part of life. Wearing lights, watching TV, taking a shower, the electricity you are using is made from fossil fuels. The three types of fossil fuels are coal, crude oil and natural gas. They all take millions of years to form, so they are considered "non-renewable" - eventually the fossil fuels will be exhausted. The dangerous biological impact of using fossil fuels is ocean acidification. Extraction and transport of fossil fuels Oil, also known as crude oil, is fossil fuel. Fossil fuels are residues of organic matter such as bacteria, marine organisms, animals, plants, algae, and they have been compressed and buried in the earth millions of years ago. These resources are limited and are not renewable. Due to the daily dependence on our fossil products, these materials are manufactured very high. The petrochemical industry consumes a lot of water, energy and land. Unfortunately, these industries help to harm our environment in a variety of ways. Treatment of various chemical substances generates large amounts of greenhouse gases. Large amounts of water are processed and recycled, but these industries are the main cause of water pollution. Climate change, air pollution, oil spills, soil contamination, acid rain are all due to excessive use of fossil fuels. In the United States, most of our energy comes from non-renewable resources. Among them, the main types are fossil fuels, propane, uranium. Each has a problem. Uranium is dangerous to humans and difficult to store. Fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas) and propane are burned and cause pollution. Sulfur dioxide generated by combustion of coal generates acid rain. Fossil fuels also emit carbon dioxide. It believes that many scientists will increase the greenhouse effect and global warming. Greenhouse effect: Many scientists believe that carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere can capture the energy in the atmosphere of the Earth and warm the earth. This contributes to global warming, or an increase in the average temperature of the earth. This may adversely affect the seas, the weather, and the life of animals in the world.

Introduction of Oil: Oil is also known as crude oil. It happens naturally under the earth. Oil is also the meaning of lock oil. The term petroleum is the common name applied to deposits of petroleum materials. Oil comes underground. It is a flammable liquid consisting mainly of various hydrocarbons with average composition c 80 - 87%, H 11 - 15%, S 0.1 - 4%, N and O 0.1 - 0.55. Petroleum formation is evident from chromatography, spectroscopic and analytical studies in the presence of a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds in petroleum. Introduction Oil has been the backbone of the American economy for nearly a century. However, petroleum is now considered a powerful catalyst for global warming, which is scarce and therefore an expensive need for the US economy. In recent years, many universities and scientists are looking for alternative to petroleum in the form of renewable energy. In the long run, these renewable energy resources will be cheaper, more efficient and more environmentally friendly. America ... Dillon G. Nuclear power and traditional oil energy In the American history, the main sources of energy were traditional oil, coal and natural gas energy, or more widely known traditional oil energy . However, due to the demand of electric sky rockets, pollution generated by traditional fossil fuel combustion plants has reached dangerous levels. Gas, coal and oil-fired power plants currently account for half of the air pollution in the United States (tripod / online). The tendency of scientists to produce petroleum products from plants is ongoing. Ultimately, oil is made from prehistoric plants that are buried and exposed to high temperature and high pressure for millions of years. Researchers are trying to cut mediators - they obtain the necessary chemicals directly from plants and reduce their reliance on petroleum In 2015, the United States imported approximately 4 million barrels of oil per day from approximately 88 countries (MMb / d). Petroleum includes crude oil, natural gas plant liquid, liquefied refined gas, refined petroleum products (such as gasoline and diesel), biofuels (such as ethanol and biodiesel). About 78% of total oil imports are crude oil. In 2015, the United States exported approximately 7 million barrels of oil per day to 147 countries. The majority of export products are petroleum products. As a result, pure oil imports (imports minus exports) are about 7 million barrels per day.

Fossil fuel is Black Friday. People around the world buy goods and services they may or may not need. Many of these products are produced from crude oil. The world needs to change that habit to ensure time to create new fossil fuel substitutes. In my study, I found that crude oil and petroleum last only about 30 to 40 years. This means that the watch is dead and we have to find a way to solve this big problem facing our world. Elon Musk has established a number of state-of-the-art companies such as Paypal, SpaceX, Tesla and Sun City. His long-term goal is to reduce the dependence of the world on fossil fuels, and eventually to create colonies on Mars. It's safe to say that he may be the most ambitious person in history. If it is not a traditional lecture, what is his format? As far as I know, when Mark talks to information-based partners, he really looks like a communicator. Thus, I do not refer to anyone who is hostile to his information or who is about to discuss him. Someone can ask a good question and he can challenge him when asking questions. The increasingly important problem facing the world today is the dependence on fossil fuels as an energy source. These fossil fuels include coal, natural gas, and most importantly petroleum. Petroleum and coal are actually based on biology, but it takes millions of years to form. This energy is not considered to be renewable due to the time required for energy storage. In order for us to maintain the necessity of transportation, the energy used to power our cars has to change dramatically. In the past few years, the use of ethanol has received a lot of support, its use continues to increase. Many ethanol supporters say that ethanol not only reduces reliance on foreign oil but also offers employment opportunities for Americans. One possible solution to this problem is to reduce dependence on oil by increasing the reliance on the US to renewable energy sources such as biofuels.