Crude Oil

Crude crude is a complex mixture of hydrocarbon molecules formed over millions of years when the residue of fine marine organisms trapped in sediments is converted to crude oil by heat and pressure. The most abundant of these mixtures is a mixture containing only hydrogen and carbon. These hydrocarbons can have many different forms, namely alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. They differ in size, shape and viscosity. By manipulating these hydrocarbon chains, you can create as many useful substances as they are highly adaptable.

Crude distillation is a continuous physical separation process. It separates the multicomponent crude from a wide range of boiling points. In addition to deposits, water and wax, crude oil also includes various hydrocarbons and organometallics. The product from crude oil is separated into fractions by distillation according to its boiling point so that each of the following treatment units has a feedstock meeting its specific specifications. In order to achieve higher efficiency and lower cost, crude oil separation is divided into two steps. The first step is to separate crude oil at atmospheric pressure. The high-boiling bottoms fraction (overhead or atmospheric lowered crude oil) is then sent from the atmospheric distiller to a second rectification column operating in high vacuum operation.

Crude oil then enters the furnace. Here it is heated to 330 - 350 ° C. Crude oil is then flushed in an atmospheric distillation column. Here it is divided into a number of fractions with a specific boiling range. When each fraction in the distillation column reaches the tray at the temperature just below its own boiling point, the crude oil condenses and returns to the liquid phase. Furthermore, the heavier fraction will condense into the lower tray and the lighter fraction will condense into the upper tray of the column. At different heights of the tower, the fraction can actually be withdrawn by gravity through the pipe for further processing in the refinery process by using a special tray called extraction tray. Fractions are withdrawn from the top, side and bottom of the distillation column. These fractions are the products produced during this remote process.