COPD is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the main cause of disability. Millions of middle-aged and elderly people are diagnosed with COPD. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has become common in the past few decades and is now the fourth leading cause of global morbidity and mortality" (Hellem, Bruugsgaard, & Bergland, 2012, p. 206). This disease is an eating disorder that is difficult to breathe. As time goes by, the symptoms get worse. Most patients with COPD suffer from both emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are considered by many as being variants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and are thought by many investigators to be part of the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic bronchitis is defined as a chronic cough that lasts more than 3 months for 2 consecutive years. Colon excision such as nicotine replacement therapy, β-2 agonist, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease drug such as anticholinergic drug (bronchodilator), combination drug using steroid and long-acting bronchodilator, mucolytic drug, oxygen therapy Surgery such as surgery, lung volume reduction surgery and lung transplant One way to alleviate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD). Staging is based on the results of pulmonary function tests. Specifically, based on the individual patient's physical parameters, the forced expiratory volume (FEV 1) for 1 second of the standard predictive value (FEV 1) (which amount of air is forced to be expelled) is measured. The staging of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by this method is as follows. The main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is smoking or exposure to tobacco smoke. It is estimated that 90% of the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is related to tobacco smoke. Smoke is also secondhand smoke (cigarette smoke inhaled by non smokers after being exhaled by smokers). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, is a chronic lung disease that is difficult to breathe. This disease is becoming more common and affects millions of Americans and the third leading cause of death in the United States. Fortunately, COPD is usually preventable and treatable. Here you can find information, resources, and tools that will help you understand COPD, manage treatments and lifestyle changes, ask for support, and take action.

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) makes breathing difficult. The two main types are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The main cause of COPD is long-term exposure to substances that irritate and damage the lungs. This is usually cigarette smoke. Air pollution, chemical fumes or dust may also cause it First, COPD does not cause symptoms or only causes mild symptoms. As the disease gets worse, symptoms become more severe than normal. They are included Physicians use pulmonary function tests, imaging tests, and blood tests to diagnose COPD. There is no cure. Treatment can ease symptoms. They include drugs, oxygen therapy, surgery or lung transplantation. Smoking cessation is the most important step in the treatment of COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a debilitating and degenerative lung disease characterized by limiting airflow to and from the lungs. COPD is a generic name for emphysema and / or chronic bronchitis. Studies on salt therapy and COPD are not decisive, but many patients with COPD report positive results on salt therapy (halogen therapy). Another reference link of Isadora Baum in the shape of Shape is another shaped item claiming that saline therapy is contributing to allergy and quotes a controlled clinical trial. This test is not for allergic patients, but for asthma patients. For asthmatic patients, this is a small preliminary study, researchers do not have much enthusiasm for treatment, and further research on asthma is necessary. Lung disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), also known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of diseases characterized by limited airflow in the airways that is not completely reversible. COPD is a generic term for chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and various other diseases. It usually happens during smoking, but it may be due to marinated meat including coal dust, other airborne stimulants such as asbestos or solvents, and nitrite. Obstructive sleep apnea Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs more frequently than central sleep apnea, it is a common symptom in many parts of the world. About one fifth of American adults have at least a slight OSA. Because the body's muscle tension usually relaxes during sleep and the throat level consists of soft tissue walls that can collapse, why it can interfere with breathing during sleep - especially obesity It is easy to understand in.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2.1 Definition and terms universally accepted for a group of diseases characterized by -------------------------- There is no terminology. The definition of airway obstruction is completely reversible (Snider, 1996). There are several points to consider. The first result is the use of the term "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" (COPD). This is considered inaccurate, not a real disease, but a group of diseases. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are considered by many as being variants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and are thought by many investigators to be part of the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic bronchitis is defined as a chronic cough that lasts more than 3 months for 2 consecutive years. Colon excision such as nicotine replacement therapy, β-2 agonist, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease drug such as anticholinergic drug (bronchodilator), combination drug using steroid and long-acting bronchodilator, mucolytic drug, oxygen therapy Surgery such as surgery, lung volume reduction surgery and lung transplant The main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is smoking or exposure to tobacco smoke. It is estimated that 90% of the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is related to tobacco smoke. Smoke is also a passive smoke (cigarette smoke inhaled by non smokers after being exhaled by smokers). Damage to lung tissue over time leads to physical changes in lung tissue and airway obstruction by viscous mucus. Tissue injury in the lung results in reduced compliance (elasticity or ability to expand the lung tissue). The fact that the elasticity of the lung is reduced means that oxygen in the air can not reach the alveoli (alveolus) through an obstacle (eg, thick mucous plug) and oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occur in the lungs It means. Therefore, the person first showed a particularly difficult difficulty, coughing to remove obstacles such as mucus and then breathing.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a collective term used to describe a combination of pulmonary diseases. The most common COPD (in the United States) includes two major diseases, emphysema and chronic bronchitis. COPD is a progressive disease that worsens over time. Currently there is no cure for COPD, but treatment can be used to maintain quality of life. When the bronchioles are blocked by mucus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causes cough and causes massive paralysis. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are considered by many as being variants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and are thought by many investigators to be part of the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic bronchitis is defined as a chronic cough that lasts more than 3 months for 2 consecutive years. Colon excision such as nicotine replacement therapy, β-2 agonist, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease drug such as anticholinergic drug (bronchodilator), combination drug using steroid and long-acting bronchodilator, mucolytic drug, oxygen therapy Surgery such as surgery, lung volume reduction surgery and lung transplant The main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is smoking or exposure to tobacco smoke. It is estimated that 90% of the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is related to tobacco smoke. Smoke is also a passive smoke (cigarette smoke inhaled by non smokers after being exhaled by smokers). Damage to lung tissue over time leads to physical changes in lung tissue and airway obstruction by viscous mucus. Tissue injury in the lung results in reduced compliance (elasticity or ability to expand the lung tissue). The fact that the elasticity of the lung is reduced means that oxygen in the air can not reach the alveoli (alveolus) through an obstacle (eg, thick mucous plug) and oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occur in the lungs It means. Therefore, the person first showed a particularly difficult difficulty, coughing to remove obstacles such as mucus and then breathing. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a pulmonary disorder defined by limited airflow caused by lung tissue rupture (called emphysema) and small airway obstruction. This condition is also known as chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD) and chronic obstructive respiratory disease (CORD). How often records in the database appear for all specific events. For example, if there are an estimated 100,000 events nationwide (hospitalization, outpatient treatment, emergency department presentation, etc.), of which 95,000 are clearly recorded in the database, that database is called 95% coverage .

The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing and related to high mortality rates. According to the latest data of Global Disease Burden Study 2015 announced at Lancet Respiratory Medicine on August 16, 2015, the death toll from COPD in 2015 is 32 million people worldwide, 11.6 compared with 1990 %Increased has. Between 1990 and 2015, despite the overall reduction in age-specific mortality and morbidity, the morbidity rate of COPD increased by 44.2%. For patients diagnosed with COPD, the reality of disease limiting life causing severe dyspnea is often frightening. Predicting prognosis is difficult for their clinician. In this week 's "Lancet" magazine, a series of papers are discussing palliative care for patients with COPD and are part of the agenda of the European Respiratory Society held in Milan on September 12. The median symptoms of patients with COPD are 11 to 14, with dyspnea, cough, fatigue, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and pain. Non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches to managing symptoms can improve the quality of life. People are often afraid of the end, but rarely discuss it. For COPD patients, palliative care and respiration, early combination of primary care and rehabilitation services, and introduction based on symptom complexity than prognostic prediction are possible Recognition of curative treatment and palliative care is difficult for clinicians, patients and their families to recognize but is an important and overlooked part of clinical practice, especially in oncology. For cancer patients in many high-income countries, palliative care is a well-studied and well-funded care element, but for those who died of other diseases the condition is not well accepted. For many in low-income and middle-income countries, palliative care is simply not available This is the focus of the Lancet committee released on October 12, October 12. Palliative care and its access require more attention worldwide For patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), high-quality palliative care remains a major challenge in modern healthcare systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines palliative care as "aggressive comprehensive care for patients who do not respond to curative treatment". This is a definition that definitely explains the care of patients with COPD. The World Health Organization says that such care is "to improve the quality of life for patients and their families ... to prevent and reduce suffering through early detection and satisfactory assessment and treatment of pain and other problems We should include the method of ". , Psychosocial, and spiritual. To relieve pain should also include effective patient and family-centered communication, identification of patient care goals, joint decisions and prior care planning. The palliative care team treats people with severe and complicated chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease such as congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), renal failure, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease Disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), etc. In the past 15 years, the field of palliative care has achieved remarkable growth. This is a rapid increase. There are palliative care teams at more than 1,700 hospitals with over 50 beds today. And palliative care is spreading outside the hospital to the area where people suffering from serious illness actually live there. The palliative care team specializes in the treatment of cancer, congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) People with severe illness symptoms and stress. More care such as this can treat symptoms that cause pain, depression, shortness of breath, fatigue, constipation, nausea, anorexia, difficulty sleeping, anxiety, and other pain. The palliative care team also spends time tal

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a type of pulmonary disease that I can evaluate in patients. If bronchitis is the main cause, as we have learned in class, patients with this disease can behave as "blue lumps" and if emphysema is predominant, It will appear as "Pink Fug". The major COPD patients with bronchitis are adults aged 30 to 40 years or older with mild dyspnea, swelling, peripheral edema, and chronic cough with mucopurulent sputum. Ronki and wheezing occur on the chest during auscultation. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a debilitating and degenerative lung disease characterized by limiting airflow to the lungs and from the lungs. COPD is a generic term for emphysema and / or chronic bronchitis. Studies on salt therapy and COPD are not definitive, but many patients with COPD report positive results on salt therapy (halogen therapy). Another reference link of Isadora Baum in the shape of Shape is another shaped item claiming that saline therapy is contributing to allergy and quotes a controlled clinical trial. This test is not for allergic patients, but for asthma patients. For asthmatic patients, this is a small preliminary study and researchers do not have much enthusiasm for treatment, so further research is needed. In the case of cannabis, there is no serious carcinogenic effect on the lungs and upper respiratory tract and there is no significant effect on the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a chronic lung disease and is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Smoking is the most important risk factor for COPD, but marijuana is not supposed to increase the risk of COPD. The main pathological part of COPD is a small airway, and marijuana seems to have little effect on it.

Sheep lung adenomatosis (OPA) is a sheep-specific infectious lung cancer, caused by the jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). It is a type B retrovirus whose genome consists of linear positive single stranded RNA. Infection is due to inhalation of infectious virus or direct contact with infected respiratory secretions. It exists in many countries, including the UK, especially in Scotland. Because the incubation period is long, clinical symptoms may take several years to develop. It usually takes 2 to 4 years until symptoms such as weight loss and dyspnea appear. Various bacterial and viral diseases affect sheep. Hooves such as hoof rot and hot feet may occur, and are treated with footbath and other treatments. These painful conditions cause claudication and prevent feeding. Johne's disease in sheep is a wasting disease affecting young sheep. Blue tongue is an infection transmitted by insects that cause inflammation of fever and mucous membranes. Ovine calves (or ruminant ruminants) are highly contagious and in many cases are fatal viral diseases that affect sheep and goats. Sheep may also be affected by primary or secondary photosensitization Sheep are strong in many cultures, especially those areas where they form the most common type of livestock. In English, calling someone as a sheep or sheep may mean that they are cowardly and easily led. Contrary to this image, male sheep are often used as a symbol of men and physical fitness, the sign of Los Angeles Rams and Dodge Rams is Osis cannabisis male. It is widely believed to be a way to help sheep sleep, and today there are still some ancient sheep counting systems. Sheep often enter spoken and idiomatic phrases using phrases like "black sheep". To call a person, the black sheep means they are members with strange or fame. This usage arises from the inferior feature that occasional black lambs produce a completely white flock. A more horrible study on aluminum animals is a study of Asian sheep by Spanish veterinary researcher Lluis Lujan. After a forced multiple vaccination campaign against the blue tongue in 2008, after Spain's sheep died in Spain in 2008, Lujan began looking for reasons to kill them - he put them in aluminum I started to inoculate. In his 2013 study, only 0.5% of sheep vaccinated with aluminum vaccine showed coma, transient blindness, direct response to coma, collapse, and stroke - after reaction. Most of them temporarily recovered, but after the death of those who did not find acute brain inflammation

Embryology is wonderful. Please think seriously about it. It is strange to grow from one cell to all complex structures that form our organs. The shocking thing is that it happens correctly, and when it is not perfect it should not be surprising. Unfortunately, terrible results will become obvious when it is not perfect. We have previously discussed some of the problems with chromosomes that can not move properly (such as Down's syndrome). We also examined what happens if the artery is not correctly formed (eg, AVM). Let's think about the reason why the artery finds errors in adjacent structures - pulmonary artery anomaly left coronary artery (ALCAPA) Left coronary artery anomaly from the pulmonary artery is a life-threatening congenital abnormality Early, when the pulmonary blood pressure is high, there is a flow from the pulmonary artery to the myocardium. Later, as pulmonary vascular resistance decreases, blood "stolen" from the myocardium and backflow into the pulmonary artery. This is a rare disorder (1 in 3 million births, less than 0.5% for congenital heart disease). Symptoms begin at about 2 months and occur simultaneously with pulmonary vascular resistance -> coronary artery removal -> reduction of ischemia Even in the case of normal echoes, evidence of ECG ischemia and mitral valve regurgitation dilated cardiomyopathy suggests the presence of ALCAPA. [Gonzales, 2015] Cardiac CT and MRI depict complex anatomical structures and can be used to contribute to surgical planning. [Paragraph 2015, Aruna Mata, 2015] Unlike other cardiomyopathy in children, ALCAPA-induced ischemic cardiomyopathy may respond to surgical treatment. [Gonzales, 2015] If it is discovered early and is repaired by surgery, the results are very good and re-intervention is rare. [2015 Cabrera, 2015 Gonzalez] Let's listen to the hearts of older children! Is there noise that is consistent with MR (actually listening)? We need to follow up and restrict physical activity until you can exclude ALCAPA Pulmonary artery stenosis (PAS) is congenital or acquired and may develop as a solitary or multiple lesion. Acquired PAS usually occurs after surgical correction of congenital cardiac anomalies such as the cause of left coronary artery anomalies (ALCAPA) and tetrahedral tetrahedral (TOF) due to the pulmonary artery. Important PAS treatment options include stent implantation, balloon angioplasty, and surgery. In an 8 - year - old boy, the left coronary artery was reimplanted directly into the aortic root by median sternotomy under cardiopulmonary bypass. The patient's general condition decreased with signs and symptoms associated with right heart failure during the first 6 hours after surgery. Furthermore, elevation of liver enzyme level and deterioration of renal function Place the blood vessel at the wide end of the heart. The coronary artery is in that position, the right ventricle is positioned with a finger to position the pulmonary artery, and the aorta is located behind the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary vein is at the top of the left atrium. The superior vena cava is at the top of the right atrium. At first, due to the unfamiliar structure of the heart, the process slowly progressed, and many aspects were uncertain. Furthermore, before the experiment, I found a photograph of the cardiac structure, while comparing the photograph with the actual heart, it made it easy to find the structural position. However, the correct position of the image is different from the actual position of the heart. The reason is that the chart is idealized, that the actual heart is collapsed in the sky, and there is no color contrast to distinguish the structure

Subjective S: MJ is a 74-year-old African-American woman who visited the clinic today. She noted that her shortness of breath and feeling of tiredness have increased over the past two to three months. Shortness of breath increases during exercise and stairs, and it gradually worsens. She said she entered the emergency room a short time ago for shortness of breath and opened salbutamol inhaler. In addition, she is also suffering from chronic cough, obvious cough, and may cause hemoptysis. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are considered by many as being variants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and are thought by many investigators to be part of the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic bronchitis is defined as a chronic cough that lasts more than 3 months for 2 consecutive years. Colon excision such as nicotine replacement therapy, β-2 agonist, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease drug such as anticholinergic drug (bronchodilator), combination drug using steroid and long-acting bronchodilator, mucolytic drug, oxygen therapy Surgery such as surgery, lung volume reduction surgery and lung transplant Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) refers to any disease that blocks airflow over a prolonged period of time and markedly reduces pulmonary ventilation (2). The main COPD is chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This is an obstructive airway disease such as asthma. They are most often caused by smoking, but are occasionally caused by air pollution or occupational exposure to airborne irritants (2). Like asthma, fluctuations in PEFR values ​​are important for the diagnosis and prognosis of COPD. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a pulmonary disorder defined by limited airflow caused by lung tissue rupture (called emphysema) and small airway obstruction. This condition is also known as chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD) and chronic obstructive respiratory disease (CORD). How often records in the database appear for all specific events. For example, if there are an estimated 100,000 events nationwide (hospitalization, outpatient treatment, emergency department presentation, etc.), of which 95,000 are clearly recorded in the database, that database is called 95% coverage .

Definition of palliative care adopted by the World Health Organization [7] is defined as "patient-centered care that optimizes quality of life by predicting, preventing and treating pain" It is. And the spiritual need is to promote patient autonomy, access to information, and selection throughout the continuum of diseases. In contrast, "end of life" care focuses on the care of the patient at the final stage of life and its family members. Therefore, although the terms "palliative care" and "hospice care" may seem like synonyms, the former has a broader meaning and not only needs to improve quality of life but comprehensive care includes. Focuses on the final stage of the disease. Depending on the illness, it will be the number of days before death, weeks weeks, or months. Recognizing this difference in the context of COPD is important, as it may be difficult to establish 'hospice care' early rather than palliative care. [8] Differences in opinion among medical professionals in determining appropriate COPD palliative care patients are ambiguous [9, 10], which can be explained by the concept of disease trajectory. The concept of disease trajectory accounts for three distinctive functions and a pattern of happiness in disease [11]: (i) diseases with high levels of function like cancer and diseases with a short-term decline; Requiring urgent hospitalization such as organ failure; (iii) associated problems such as low-level function and diseases with long-term decline such as stroke, dementia. Depending on the type of disease trajectory, the patient's physical, social and psychological needs vary greatly. COPD fits the second type of trajectory and is characterized by a functional decline with an acute attack. The reasons for disagreement among medical professionals in determining the applicability of palliative care to patients with COPD are the multiple "entrance" trajectories in COPD. Sporadic acute attacks are included in the trajectory of "reentry", and frequent hospitalization is required before stabilization. This is usually difficult to point to palliative care, as it obscures a steady decline in the patient's condition. Furthermore, unlike end-stage cancer patients, there is no prognostic tool to help clinicians assess COPD survival. Since there is a strong correlation between hospice care and actual life expectancy, it is necessary to make a reliable prognostic prediction for COPD. This can identify end-stage patients and ultimately benefit from hospice care [Table 1]. However, with the concept of "prognosis" [12], clinicians became confronted with aggressive illnesses and encouraged supportive care and discussion about issues dying in the face of diseases with undefined trajectories . Considering COPD as a disease with uncertain trajectory characteristics, this concept can be applied to palliative care at specific stages of the disease. For patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), high-quality palliative care remains a major challenge in modern healthcare systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines palliative care as "aggressive comprehensive care for patients who do not respond to curative treatment". This is a definition that definitely explains the care of patients with COPD. The World Health Organization says that such care is "to improve the quality of life for patients and their families ... to prevent and reduce suffering through early detection and satisfactory assessment and treatment of pain and other problems We should include a method of psychosocial and spiritual continuity. To relieve pain should also include effective patient and family-centered communication, identification of patient care goals, joint decisions and prior care planning. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a slowly disabling disease with functional restrictions and symptoms of high burden. Palliative care services are focused on the quality of life of people facing diseases limiting li

The case presented is a patient called RS. People who have a history of smoking for many years may be directly related to his development of chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) called type B. It is estimated that the main reason is smoking, 90% of chronic bronchitis or "blue spots". Chronic bronchitis is accompanied by persistent and irreversible airway obstruction due to persistent inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, resulting in bronchial gland enlargement and hyperplasia. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are considered by many as being variants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and are thought by many investigators to be part of the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic bronchitis is defined as a chronic cough that lasts more than 3 months for 2 consecutive years. Colon excision such as nicotine replacement therapy, β-2 agonist, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease drug such as anticholinergic drug (bronchodilator), combination drug using steroid and long-acting bronchodilator, mucolytic drug, oxygen therapy Surgery such as surgery, lung volume reduction surgery and lung transplant One way to alleviate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD). Staging is based on the results of pulmonary function tests. Specifically, based on the individual patient's physical parameters, the forced expiratory volume (FEV 1) for 1 second of the standard predictive value (FEV 1) (which amount of air is forced to be expelled) is measured. The staging of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by this method is as follows. The main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is smoking or exposure to tobacco smoke. It is estimated that 90% of the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is related to tobacco smoke. Smoke is also secondhand smoke (cigarette smoke inhaled by non smokers after being exhaled by smokers).

Pulmonary embolism, also known as PE, is a "complication of pulmonary thrombosis" that can cause "100,000 to 180,000" Americans to die each year. The president of the Intravenous Diseases Alliance said, "More people die from preventable thrombosis each year, not breast cancer, AIDS, and total traffic accidents." The thrombus of the deep vein of the thigh is another type of thrombus. A thrombus (thrombus) in the deep venous system of the leg is dangerous if the thrombus breaks or passes through the bloodstream, enters the pulmonary artery through the heart and forms pulmonary embolism. A person may not have signs or symptoms of small pulmonary embolism (pulmonary thrombosis), but large embolism may be fatal. The artery has thin muscles on the wall, withstands the pressure of the heart and pumps blood to the distal end of the body. There is no clear muscle lining and blood can not be returned to the heart other than physiological function. Since most muscles of the body compress the vein as it contracts during normal activity, blood returns to the heart. Move the usual activities of the body, blood returns to the heart. Movement causes the blood return system to fail, and the resulting stagnant blood may condense In 2014 my wife Robin developed several types of pulmonary embolism. This is terrible. She has two thrombi in her left lung and two thrombus on her right. Recently, her condition led to spinal fusion surgery. I helped her to connect her transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator, which helps her to take medicine and relieve her pain. I also appointed my wife a doctor every week. I love my wife, for me it is very important to her. I am her only carer. My wife is taking warfarin, which is a blood diluent. If she collapses and I am not around, I am worried that she may bleed and die. She already has 2 emergency room visits

Emphysema Introduction: Pulmonary emphysema is a condition of the lung with hyperinflation of the air sac, also known as alveoli. The normal function of the alveoli helps to breathe normally. Unlike other pulmonary diseases, this disease may be hereditary. This is an illness that affects people of all ages and sexes. In 1994, the number of men with pulmonary emphysema exceeded 54% of the female population. However, in the following two years, the difference between men and women has decreased by 10%. Emphysema is a widespread lung disease. Currently, about 2 million Americans in the United States suffer from emphysema. Emphysema is ranked 15th among chronic diseases that cause movement limitation. Many people with emphysema are elderly, but the condition of women is increasing. The number of men with emphysema exceeds 54%. From scientific research it is known that normal lungs have a significant balance between two classes of chemicals that have opposite effects. Elastic fibers in the lungs allow the lungs to expand and contract. As the chemical balance changes, the lungs lose their ability to protect themselves from the destruction of these elastic fibers. This is emphysema. There are many reasons for this chemical imbalance. Emphysema is a lung disease. It happens most often to smokers, but it also happens to people who regularly inhale irritants. Emphysema destroys the alveoli, the air bladder of the lungs. The balloon weakens and eventually bursts. This will reduce the surface area of ​​lungs and the amount of oxygen that can reach the bloodstream. This makes breathing more difficult, especially during exercise. Emphysema may also lose the elasticity of the lungs. Smoking is the leading cause of emphysema. The more you smoke, the higher the risk of emphysema. Cannabis can also cause emphysema. According to the American Lung Association, smoking causes deaths of more than 480,000 Americans each year, of which 80% is due to COPD including emphysema. Exposure to second-hand smoke increases the risk of emphysema To be fair, emphysema is different. We actually know that smoke may cause pulmonary emphysema. There are known causal relationships that can be tracked by biochemical mechanisms. It is logically effective to say that smoking causes emphysema, but the requirement of strong long-term exposure means that secondhand smoke can not cause it.

The use of macrolide every day decreases the incidence of acute exacerbation of COPD The fourth most common cause of death in the United States is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ("chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", 2010). Many patients with COPD are suffering from chronic exacerbation, which leads to poor quality of life and undesirable outcomes. The treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD is controversial. Some experts believe that the use of antibiotics during the degradation period will help eradicate infectious agents, others believe that continued use of antibiotics may cause microbial tolerance. Introduction: COPD exacerbations can be defined as events in the natural history of diseases characterized by changes in baseline respiratory distress, cough and / or sputum of patients who exceed normal daily changes and can be used for obstructive pulmonary disease According to GOLD, patients with COPD may need to change their medicine The deterioration of COPD itself is weakened The harm they give to the body of a patient is a physical disorder It may even lead to death Precautions may eventually help the patient avoid COPD worsening Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a slowly developing respiratory disease. It is characterized by shortness of breath, pain, and latent onset of limited function 2 and is exacerbated by worsening. Patient's perception of severe COPD and mortality shift: qualitative research identifies milestones and important development opportunities Patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) usually have shortness of breath. However, during the course of these diseases, patients often describe chest tightness, which can sometimes be interpreted as chest pain. In some cases, this may be related to pneumonia. For efficient transportation of the esophagus from the mouth to the stomach, a cooperative and continuous movement pattern is required to extrude food from above and remove backflow of acid and bile from below. Esophageal Disorders Interruption of this highly integrated process, often referred to as PEMD, can cause discomfort (dysphagia) and chest pain when swallowed (19). COPD may be mild or severe. COPD is progressive. Over time, breathing worsened rapidly. Exercise becomes more difficult, even everyday activities become difficult. COPD may also cause cough, chest tightness, wheezing, chronic cramps (or mucus). Severe illness can lead to weight loss and fatigue. Depression, thin bone, lung cancer, heart disease, muscle weakness are more common in COPD patients. It can also cause severe disability and even even death. COPD spends 50 billion US dollars annually on wage losses and medical expenses. That is the third most common cause of death. In the United States, 24 million people suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and half do not know it. Cessation of smoking slows the progress of lung disease

The left ventricle left ventricle of the heart is one of the four cavities of the heart. As the largest room it has an elliptical shape and occupies most of the left side of the heart and the front side. It also occupies most of the apex of the heart. The left ventricular wall is denser and stronger than the right ventricular wall. The thicker wall of the left ventricle supports tremendous pressure, it is to draw blood under great pressure from the heart. When the left atrium contracts, the mitral valve opens and releases the stored oxygen-rich blood into the left ventricle. The left ventricle of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood into the artery, but this rhythmic pressure is far from the vein and is on the other side of the millions of small capillaries in the body. In these capillaries, blood supplies nutrients and oxygen to the cells and collects waste and carbon dioxide from the cells. As nutrient-depleted blood leaves the capillary, it enters a larger, lower pressure vein. When a thrombus forms a vein it is a life-threatening medical emergency. It is necessary to remove the thrombus and improve the condition causing thrombosis. If the thrombus ruptures, it passes through the right ventricle of the heart and enters the lung where it is trapped in small capillaries, causing so-called pulmonary embolism, a greater medical emergency. Oxygenated blood leaving millions of pulmonary capillaries enters the other side of the heart, first into the left atrium and then into the left ventricle. Oxygen-enriched blood is pumped from the left ventricle through all of the arterial circulation of the body to all muscles, tissues and organs. In this way, our kidney, brain, liver, heart, bone and other tissues can get important oxygen. (When arterial blood gas analysis for oxygen measurement is performed, a small sample is inserted into the radial artery of the wrist to obtain a blood sample behind the thumb. Unlike venous blood, arterial blood reflects the state of gas exchange For the examination of patients with multiple pulmonary diseases.) Diagram and systemic blood circulation. RL = right lung; RV = right ventricle; RA = right atrium; VC = vena cava; LL = left lung; LV = left ventricle; LA = left atrium; PV = pulmonary vein; AO = aorta.

From the right atrium, it enters the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. Pass through the lung half-moon valve from the right ventricle From the pulmonary vein, blood flows into the left atrium. From the left atrium, blood flows through the mitral valve (mitral valve) The blood path through the human heart consists of pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. Deoxygenated blood flows through the heart in one direction, through the so-called superior vena cava, into the right atrium, then through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, and then through the pulmonary valve to the lungs Send the pulmonary artery. It then passes through the pulmonary vein from the lungs to the left atrium where it is delivered through the mitral valve to the left ventricle and then through the aortic valve to the aorta. In summary, this task is studying the function and structure of the cardiovascular system. It also defines charts of the circulatory system Bottom: A schematic diagram of the blood path through the human heart, lungs and internal organs. Oxygenated blood is indicated by red, blue deoxygenated blood. Blood coming out of the stomach, spleen and intestine passes through the liver before returning to the heart. You can remove excess or harmful substances absorbed from these organs before the blood returns to the general circulation. The coronary artery appears at the maximum blood pressure point of the cardiovascular system. Over time, the arterial wall tends to lose its elasticity, which limits the amount of blood that can flow through them, thereby limiting the oxygen supply to the heart. Arteriosclerosis

It is considered a group of pulmonary diseases that makes it difficult for the lungs to evacuate the air. The symptoms of this disease are shortness of breath, feeling of exhaustion, cough, etc. COPD is also a disease used to explain the combination of conditions of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both. If a person is a smoker, the risk of this disease is the highest. In addition to smoking, other factors that can cause COPD are aging and sleeping disorders. In most cases, COPD is a weakened disease that coexists with sleep disorders (Ohayon 2014). Lung tissue diseases - These diseases affect the structure of the lung tissue. Tissue scarring or inflammation prevents the lung from fully expanding (restrictive lung disease). This makes it difficult for the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. People with this type of lung disease often say that they feel "sweaters and vests are tightening too tight". As a result, they could not take a deep breath. Pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis are examples of pulmonary tissue disease. Pulmonary Cardiovascular Disease - These diseases affect blood vessels in the lungs. They are caused by blood coagulation, scarring or inflammation of blood vessels. They affect the ability of the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. These diseases also affect heart function. An example of pulmonary cardiovascular disease is pulmonary hypertension. People with these diseases often feel shortness of breath during exercise Pulmonary fibrosis (literally meaning "pulmonary scarring") is a respiratory disease that causes scarring in lung tissue and causes serious respiratory problems. Scar formation, accumulation of excessive fibrous connective tissue (a process known as fibrosis) results in wall thickening and a reduction in oxygen supply in the blood. As a result, the patient lasted shortness of breath. Pulmonary fibrosis may be a secondary effect of other diseases. Most of them are classified as interstitial lung disease. Examples include bacterial infections such as autoimmune diseases, viral infections, and tuberculosis, which cause fibrotic changes in the lungs above or below the lungs and cause other microscopic lesions of the lung is there. However, pulmonary fibrosis can also occur without any known cause. In this case, it is called "aesthetic". Most idiopathic cases are diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Causes of pulmonary fibrosis include environmental contaminants, several drugs, several connective tissue diseases and interstitial lung diseases. Interstitial lung disease is the name of a large class of diseases of inflammation or lung scarring. In most cases, I do not know the reason. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Identification of blood vessels moving in the pulmonary artery circuit from the right ventricle of the heart to the end of the left atrium I will create a flow chart showing the major systemic arteries through which blood flows from the aorta and its main branches and the most important arteries entering the left and right upper limbs and lower limbs. Create a flowchart showing the whole body vein of blood from the heart's foot to the right atrium Right ventricular blood flows into the pulmonary artery trunk and branches into two pulmonary arteries. These branches supply blood to pulmonary capillaries where gas exchange occurs in the alveoli. Blood passes through the pulmonary vein and returns to the left atrium The common carotid artery creates the external carotid artery and the internal carotid artery. The external carotid artery remains superficial and causes many arteries in the head. The internal carotid artery first forms a carotid sinus and then reaches the brain through the carotid and carotid artery holes and enters the skull through the occipital hole. The vertebral artery branches from the subclavian artery and passes through the lateral hole of the cervical vertebra and enters the skull base of the vertebral foramen. The subclavian artery continues to function as the arms of the radial artery The figure at the bottom of the figure shows the arterial network acting on the brain. This structure is called Willis' arterial ring or circle. The flow chart below summarizes the distribution of the main iliac artery main branch to the pelvis and lower extremities. The left side is like the pattern on the right side The picture shows that the artery supplying blood to the arm and hand is an extension of the subclavian artery. Figure 22. The liver receives blood from the normal systemic circulation through the hepatic artery. It also receives and processes blood from other organs and distributes it through the portal system. All blood goes out of the liver through the hepatic vein and blood is carried from the liver to the inferior vena cava. (Different colors are used to help distinguish different containers in the system.) A single circulation path as shown below consists of a dual chamber heart with an atrium and a ventricle (the structure of the heart will be described in detail later in this chapter). Fish has a single circulation path. The heart pumps hypoxic blood into the sputum and sends oxygen. Oxygenated blood is then supplied to the whole body of the fish and deoxygenated blood is returned to the heart. The right atrium undergoes deoxygenation in the body and the right ventricle delivers it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs and the left ventricle sends it to the other parts of the body. Most mammals, including humans, have this type of circulatory system. These cardiovascular systems are called "dual" cardiovascular system since they consist of two circuits called pulmonary circulatory system and general circulatory system. Human cardiovascular system includes lung and whole body circulatory system. The pulmonary circulatory system consists of blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and carry oxygen-containing blood from the lungs to the heart. In the systemic circulatory system, blood vessels transport oxygenated blood from the heart to various organs in the body and return the deoxygenated blood to the heart. In the pulmonary circulatory system, deoxygenated blood exits the heart through the right ventricle and is transported to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood. It sends blood to the capillary where it diffuses from the blood to the alveoli (lung cells) and then to the lungs that it expels. At the same time, oxygen diffuses into the alveoli, enters the bloodstream, passes through the pulmonary veins and returns to th

Postoperative treatment for patients with complications: ileus-occipital laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the minimum procedure for removing the gallbladder or gallstone. Place the patient under general anesthesia and inflate the abdomen. The gallbladder is then removed through a small incision near the navel. There are few complications when using laparoscopic surgery, but it is not without regression. Nurses and doctors must cooperate to treat postoperative complications of this procedure. Intestinal obstruction is a lack of intestinal motility, leading to dysfunction. Typically, 10 to 50% of all cases of surgical colic, which occurs after all types of abdominal surgery, including 88% of strangulated horses and 41% of colon-damaged large intestines, develops to this complication . . The exact cause is unclear, but it is suspected to be caused by bowel inflammation, which may be the result of surgeon manipulation and increased sympathetic tension. Mortality rate is as high as 13 to 86% Mobility and complications of intestinal obstruction, urinary retention and myocardial infarction. Sleep deprivation increases postoperative fatigue and leads to decreased mobility and pulmonary complications and deteriorated catabolic hormones may also reduce responses to injuries [14, 15]. If physiological complications are better managed, patients and their families will be affected. Other benefits of adequate pain management include reduced hospital stay, reduced rehospitalization rate, early recovery, improved quality of life, increased productivity, and reduced patient and medical system costs. , 17 60 patients were studied to determine the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and the value of preoperative spirometry in the development of pulmonary complications after upper abdominal surgery. Respiratory status of each patient was evaluated by clinical examination, chest X-ray, spirometry and blood gas analysis on the day before surgery and 15th day after surgery. Chest surgeons and surgeons will monitor patients individually for pulmonary complications. In this study, 21 patients (35%) had 31 postoperative pulmonary complications (10 pneumonia, 9 bronchitis, 1 atelectasis, 1 pulmonary embolism) and 31 patients before surgery He developed. 14 patients with normal lung function, and 7 patients showed complications of lung volume abnormality, surgery normal. The conclusion is that postoperative pulmonary complications are still a serious cause of postoperative morbidity. (Kocabas et al., 1996)

We are committed to advancing the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases by focusing on the development of less invasive devices and procedures. We are now providing the first FDA approved device that will cause prolonged asthma exacerbation for severe asthma adults We announced the launch of a new lung site, BronchSuite Learning Center (www.bronchsuite.com). This site allows physicians to learn from lung disease management experts through doctoral lectures, case reports, up-to-date research information, equipment training. Visitors can choose to participate in updates, provide feedback, upload case studies, contact Twitter, and more. Please access the new BronchSuite Learning Center. In some countries and regions, pulmonary diseases are known as chest medicine and respiratory medicine. Respiratory department is considered to be a field of internal medicine, and it is related to intensive care medicine. Pulmonary disorders usually involve the maintenance of patients requiring life support and artificial respiration. Pulmonologists are specially trained in chest diseases and conditions, especially pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema, and complex chest infections. In the UK, Ireland, South Africa and Australia, the term "artificial respirator" rather than lung specialist is used to distinguish doctors practicing pulmonary diseases. In Canada, please use respiratory department and respiratory physician. Respiratory surgery is generally performed by experts in the cardiac and thoracic surgery (or thoracic surgery), but minor surgery may be performed by a pulmonary specialist In Britain, Ireland, South Africa and Australia, the expression "respiratory doctor" (not an expert on lung disease) is used to identify doctors specializing in pulmonary diseases. In Canada, respiratory department and respiratory physician were used. Respiratory surgery is basically done by experts in cardiothoracic surgery (or thoracic surgery), but pulmonary experts may use a smaller method. As mentioned above, pulmonary disease is determined using basic therapeutic agents when managing patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Thus, despite pneumonia, many lung physiologists are required to rehearse basic care prescriptions. There are several association programs to allow doctors to receive both pneumonia and basic care prescriptions. Interventional pulmonary disease is gradually recognized as a special medical specialty Medanta's respiratory physician, Gurgaon - instant booking reservation, online check, fee confirmation, contact number, feedback Respiratory department is known as a solution for thoracic medicine and respiratory system in several countries and regions. The respiratory department is considered as one field of medicine, and it is equated with intensive care medicine. Pulmonary disorders usually involve monitoring of patients requiring life support and artificial respiration. Respiratory physicians prepare for diseases and chest conditions, especially pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema and chest diseases. In Britain, Ireland, South Africa and Australia, the expression "respiratory doctor" (not an expert on lung disease) is used to identify doctors specializing in pulmonary diseases. In Canada, respiratory department and respiratory physician were used. Respiratory surgery is basically done by experts in cardiothoracic surgery (or thoracic surgery), but pulmonary experts may use a smaller method. Medanta's respiratory physician, Gurgaon - instant booking reservation, online check, fee confirmation, contact number, feedback

In some countries and regions, pulmonary diseases are known as chest medicine and respiratory medicine. Respiratory department is considered to be a field of internal medicine, and it is related to intensive care medicine. Pulmonary disorders usually involve the maintenance of patients requiring life support and artificial respiration. Pulmonologists are specially trained in chest diseases and conditions, especially pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema, and complex chest infections. In the UK, Ireland, South Africa and Australia, the term "artificial respirator" rather than lung specialist is used to distinguish doctors practicing pulmonary diseases. In Canada, please use respiratory department and respiratory physician. Respiratory surgery is generally performed by experts in the cardiac and thoracic surgery (or thoracic surgery), but minor surgery may be performed by a pulmonary specialist In Britain, Ireland, South Africa and Australia, the expression "respiratory doctor" (not an expert on lung disease) is used to identify doctors specializing in pulmonary diseases. In Canada, respiratory department and respiratory physician were used. Respiratory surgery is basically done by experts in cardiothoracic surgery (or thoracic surgery), but pulmonary experts may use a smaller method. As mentioned above, pulmonary disease is determined using basic therapeutic agents when managing patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Thus, despite pneumonia, many lung physiologists are required to rehearse basic care prescriptions. There are several association programs to allow doctors to receive both pneumonia and basic care prescriptions. Interventional pulmonary disease is gradually recognized as a special medical specialty Medanta's respiratory physician, Gurgaon - instant booking reservation, online check, fee confirmation, contact number, feedback Respiratory department is known as a solution for thoracic medicine and respiratory system in several countries and regions. The respiratory department is considered as one field of medicine, and it is equated with intensive care medicine. Pulmonary disorders usually involve monitoring of patients requiring life support and artificial respiration. Respiratory physicians prepare for diseases and chest conditions, especially pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema and chest diseases. In Britain, Ireland, South Africa and Australia, the expression "respiratory doctor" (not an expert on lung disease) is used to identify doctors specializing in pulmonary diseases. In Canada, respiratory department and respiratory physician were used. Respiratory surgery is basically done by experts in cardiothoracic surgery (or thoracic surgery), but pulmonary experts may use a smaller method. Medanta's respiratory physician, Gurgaon - instant booking reservation, online check, fee confirmation, contact number, feedback

Pediatric pulmonary specialists specialize in treating children with breathing problems. The general situation we deal with is as follows. In many cases, the patient will meet a pediatric pulmonary specialist to determine if wheezing of their children is asthma or other cause. Other diseases to be treated by pediatric pulmonary specialists include the following. Technologies depend on children (Some children need oxygen and artificial respiration to help breathing). Cystic fibrosis (Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder that causes excessive accumulation of mucus in the lungs.) Services provided by pediatric respiratory physicians include pulmonary function tests and flexible fiber optic bronchoscopy (FFB). Pulmonary function test is a noninvasive test that can be performed in various ways and is ideal for children of different ages. FFB allows a pulmonary surgeon to inspect the inside of the lung using a fiber optic mirror. This more invasive procedure is not an operation, but a sedative is needed In some countries and regions, pulmonary diseases are known as chest medicine and respiratory medicine. Respiratory department is considered to be a field of internal medicine, and it is related to intensive care medicine. Pulmonary disorders usually involve the maintenance of patients requiring life support and artificial respiration. Pulmonologists are specially trained in chest diseases and conditions, especially pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema, and complex chest infections. In the UK, Ireland, South Africa and Australia, the term "artificial respirator" rather than lung specialist is used to distinguish doctors practicing pulmonary diseases. In Canada, please use respiratory department and respiratory physician. Respiratory surgery is generally performed by experts in the cardiac and thoracic surgery (or thoracic surgery), but minor surgery may be performed by a pulmonary specialist In Britain, Ireland, South Africa and Australia, the expression "respiratory doctor" (not an expert on lung disease) is used to identify doctors specializing in pulmonary diseases. In Canada, respiratory department and respiratory physician were used. Respiratory surgery is basically done by experts in cardiothoracic surgery (or thoracic surgery), but pulmonary experts may use a smaller method. As mentioned above, pulmonary disease is determined using basic therapeutic agents when managing patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Thus, despite pneumonia, many lung physiologists are required to rehearse basic care prescriptions. There are several association programs to allow doctors to receive both pneumonia and basic care prescriptions. Interventional pulmonary disease is gradually recognized as a special medical specialty Medanta's respiratory physician, Gurgaon - instant booking reservation, online check, fee confirmation, contact number, feedback

The important thing in climbing is to drink plenty of moisture to avoid periodic drinking, but if you do not make it in time, advanced diseases may get worse and it may become a very serious illness. One such condition is lung edema, or in this case, high altitude pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema is a disease caused by excessive moisture in the lungs. Symptoms of high altitude pulmonary edema include headache, insomnia, extreme shortness of breath, or dyspnea (respiration), but when lying down, suffocation is caused by fluid retention or suffocation, or wheezing, anxiety, irritation, etc. You must to do something before you go on. Altitude sickness, also called altitude sickness (AMS), is a body reaction to high air pressure, and at higher altitudes it reduces oxygen. Acute mountain sickness (AMS), high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and high altitude cerebral edema are sorts of altitude sickness. Over 2,500 meters above sea level may cause altitude sickness, but symptoms may become apparent after over 3,600 meters above sea level. Mild headache, loss of appetite, stomach problems, malaise, difficulty sleeping, dizziness, etc. are some of the health problems that can occur with hiking in the Himalayas. There are three real diseases when discussing problems related to mountain climbing, Everest, or extreme mountains. They are Acute Mountainous Disease (AMS), High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) and High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE). These three diseases are related to hypoxia in highlands and mountainous areas. Everest Either ignoring nor untreating, any of them may become fatal. Acute mountain sickness is the first and most deadly disease among these three diseases. AMS can occur even at relatively low altitudes, and the climber feels both physically and mentally. Before the body gets time to adapt to the environment, climbers push too high early in climbing and may have the following symptoms: headache, nausea or vomiting, fatigue or weakness, dizziness or dizziness, And sleep difficulty AMS treatment is only at rest, lower altitude if necessary AMS is an abbreviation for acute mountain disease, also known as highland disease. AMS is one of the challenges facing hikers / climbers when climbing mountains. As the altitude increases, the oxygen concentration gradually decreases. If a person tries to climb too fast, the chances of becoming an AMS will be even higher. However, taking preventive measures can prevent AMS. As a basic precautionary measure, you can drink a lot of water (4 to 5 liters per day) and adequate food (4000 to 5000 calories per day). Our experienced guide has been working in the Himalayas for many years, and their expertise suggests that suitable hiking techniques like such climbing high sleep low are suitable for the environment. Journey. They will guide Himalayan's diet.

Task 1 Tuberculosis is caused by gram-negative bacteria that infect humans and other animals, bacteria called Yersinia pestis. This is a very contagious disease. The main form of infection is that fleas are carried by rodents, as fleas pass bacteria through the barrier of the skin, and depending on the sanitary condition of the area, they also go through direct contact and contaminated food. spread. . Infection is achievable because bacteria can inhibit or even prevent normal immune responses against foreign bacteria such as phagocytosis and antibody production. The three types of plague are the result of the infection route. Bubonic plague, septic plague, and pulmonary plague. Pest is spread mainly by fleas infected with small animals. It can also be caused by exposure to bodily fluids from plague-infected animals. In the acinar plague, the bacteria bite into the skin through the flea, enter the lymph nodes through the lymph duct, and inflate them. Diagnosis by finding blood, sputum or liquid bacteria from lymph nodes The general form of plague is the most common form of plague. It usually occurs after infected flea bites. The main feature of the glandular plague is swollen, painful lymph nodes, usually in the groin, armpits, or neck. Other symptoms include fever, chills, headaches and extreme fatigue. People usually suffer from plague 1 to 6 days after infection. Failure to treat early may spread bacteria to other parts of the body, causing sepsis or pulmonary plague. Three main forms of plague are generally described, including glandular plague, pneumonia, and septicemia (7). Yersinia pestis, however, can be used not only through flea bite (causing plague) and respiratory droplets (causing plague), but also eating uncooked contaminated meat (causing gastrointestinal plague) and infected pets / It also spreads by contact with livestock (causing conjunctivitis, skin pest or pulmonary plague) (12). In addition, plague pharyngitis, meningitis, and endophthalmitis have been reported, but rare (13). If the plague is not treated unspecified, it may develop pulmonary plague or systemic plague (septicemia) by spreading the plague in the blood. This type of plague mortality is very high (7). Septic plague can also be caused directly by cutting blood infections causing pathogens.

US News provides information on 1,668 respiratory hospitals with many problems in 2014, 2015 and 2016 and listed hospitals provide at least 1,075 hospitalized patients with such medical insurance Must. The 50th hospital was ranked first, followed by a high - performance hospital. Also see the hospital that is most effective in treating COPD and lung cancer surgery. Find a lung specialist near you In some countries and regions, pulmonary diseases are known as chest medicine and respiratory medicine. Respiratory department is considered to be a field of internal medicine, and it is related to intensive care medicine. Pulmonary disorders usually involve the maintenance of patients requiring life support and artificial respiration. Pulmonologists are specially trained in chest diseases and conditions, especially pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema, and complex chest infections. In the UK, Ireland, South Africa and Australia, the term "artificial respirator" rather than lung specialist is used to distinguish doctors practicing pulmonary diseases. In Canada, please use respiratory department and respiratory physician. Respiratory surgery is generally performed by experts in the cardiac and thoracic surgery (or thoracic surgery), but minor surgery may be performed by a pulmonary specialist Respiratory department is known as a solution for thoracic medicine and respiratory system in several countries and regions. The respiratory department is considered as one field of medicine, and it is equated with intensive care medicine. Pulmonary disorders usually involve monitoring of patients requiring life support and artificial respiration. Respiratory physicians prepare for diseases and chest conditions, especially pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema and chest diseases. In Britain, Ireland, South Africa and Australia, the expression "respiratory doctor" (not an expert on lung disease) is used to identify doctors specializing in pulmonary diseases. In Canada, respiratory department and respiratory physician were used. Respiratory surgery is basically done by experts in cardiothoracic surgery (or thoracic surgery), but pulmonary experts may use a smaller method. Medanta's respiratory physician, Gurgaon - instant booking reservation, online check, fee confirmation, contact number, feedback US News provides information on 1,668 respiratory hospitals with many problems in 2014, 2015 and 2016 and listed hospitals provide at least 1,075 hospitalized patients with such medical insurance Must. The 50th hospital was ranked first, followed by a high - performance hospital. Also see the hospital that is most effective in treating COPD and lung cancer surgery. Find a lung specialist near you

Respiratory department is a medical field focused on respiratory system health. Respiratory physician treats everything from asthma to tuberculosis The respiratory system contains organs that help you breathe. The three main parts of the system are the respiratory tract, lungs and respiratory muscles. While breathing, I use some muscles. The most noteworthy is the diaphragm. Other muscle groups including These experts diagnose and treat diseases that affect not only men and women but also the respiratory system of children. Respiratory physicians have the following types of respiratory disease expertise. In some cases, this also extends to the cardiovascular system. In some cases, such as pulmonary vascular disease, it may affect the respiratory system first, but it may continue to affect other organs of the body. Respiratory physicians can work as part of their clinic or as a part of clinical practice. They can also work in a hospital environment, especially in an intensive care unit. Respiratory department is a medical field specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases. Interstitial lung disease centered on pulmonary diseases characterized by persistent inflammation and scar formation Interventional respiratory department using multidisciplinary treatment to treat airway diseases, lung cancer and pleural diseases To become a lung expert, you must have a college degree for 4 years. From that point, you have to complete a four-year medical course. Then you have to complete a three-year training program or residence for internal medicine After completing your residence, you have to complete your scholarship for 2 to 3 years. This will allow you to take additional professional training on pulmonary diseases. After receiving the scholarship, you must pass the certification exam of the technical committee. Respiratory physicians can interpret and interpret tests and tests that help determine pulmonary-related diagnoses. These include the following. Pleural biopsy, taking a piece of tissue sample around the pleura, the pleura is the membrane around the lungs. Check the airway by bronchoscopy to determine if there are problems with the trachea, lower respiratory tract, throat, or throat. For more serious pulmonary diseases and symptoms, a pulmonary expert may introduce a chest surgeon, for example, lobectomy or lung transplantation for resecting a partially affected lung for surgery. If you have any abnormal symptoms, please consult your doctor. They undergo a medical examination and evaluate your overall condition. In your case: They may introduce you to lung specialists: According to the American medical school, lung experts treat the respiratory system including the lungs. Due to the serious nature of the respiratory system, lung disease experts work in hospitals and private clinics. The respiratory physician must first be accredited by American College of Internal Medicine and then receive additional training from a quasi-expert. The doctor can also perform a bronchoscopy by inserting a lamp and a tube with a camera in the airway (trachea and bronchus) and confirming bleeding, tumor, inflammation and other abnormalities. A similar procedure is thoracoscopy, and the doctor uses an optical device to inspect the surface of the lungs. In the United States, a pulmonary therapist has completed a medical degree (MD or DO), completed a resident training in internal medicine, and completed a graduate training in pulmonary medicine for at least two years. After successfully completing the scholarship of pulmonary medicine, the doctor can take the board council accreditation exam for pulmonary medicine. After passing the exam, the doctor was later certified as a pulmonary specialist. Most lung surgeons have completed subordinate specialized research of lung medicine and intensive care medicine for 3 years In the UK, Ireland, South Africa and Australia, the term "ar

According to a study published by Arthritis Care & Research, only 32.1% of women of childbearing age with rheumatic disease use prescription contraceptives, but over 70% use at least one fetal poison. Mehret Birru Talabi doctors at the University of Pittsburgh have written as follows. "In the United States, more than two-thirds of women of childbearing age are actively using contraceptives, but little is known about the use of contraceptives by young women with rheumatic diseases." Besides preventing unwanted pregnancies contraceptives may benefit these women by delaying pregnancy until the disease subsides ... some drugs used by women with rheumatic disease Due to the possibility of considerable teratogenicity, stop pregnancy until the establishment of a safe drug treatment plan that women and their doctors are acceptable for using contraceptives. " AAP published a clinical report emphasizing the results of children born of mothers who used cannabis during pregnancy and lactation. This report President Donald J. Tramp's government plans to lower the drug price - a 44 page document saying that the first blueprint for American patients is lower Respiratory department is known as a solution for thoracic medicine and respiratory system in several countries and regions. The respiratory department is considered as one field of medicine, and it is equated with intensive care medicine. Pulmonary disorders usually involve monitoring of patients requiring life support and artificial respiration. Respiratory physicians prepare for diseases and chest conditions, especially pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema and chest diseases. In Britain, Ireland, South Africa and Australia, the expression "respiratory doctor" (not an expert on lung disease) is used to identify doctors specializing in pulmonary diseases. In Canada, respiratory department and respiratory physician were used. Respiratory surgery is basically done by experts in cardiothoracic surgery (or thoracic surgery), but pulmonary experts may use a smaller method. Medanta's respiratory physician, Gurgaon - instant booking reservation, online check, fee confirmation, contact number, feedback In some countries and regions, pulmonary diseases are known as chest medicine and respiratory medicine. Respiratory department is considered to be a field of internal medicine, and it is related to intensive care medicine. Pulmonary disorders usually involve the maintenance of patients requiring life support and artificial respiration. Pulmonologists are specially trained in chest diseases and conditions, especially pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema, and complex chest infections. In the UK, Ireland, South Africa and Australia, the term "artificial respirator" rather than lung specialist is used to distinguish doctors practicing pulmonary diseases. In Canada, please use respiratory department and respiratory physician. Respiratory surgery is generally performed by experts in the cardiac and thoracic surgery (or thoracic surgery), but minor surgery may be performed by a pulmonary specialist

The inferior vena cava is the delivery of blood from the lower half of the body or the area of ​​the body below the diaphragm to the vein of the heart (Clinic, 2014). The heart is divided into two adjacent pumps. Each pump operates the blood circuit. There is a circulation of the whole body on the left side of the heart, there is a circulation of the lungs on the right side of the heart. Pulmonary circulation is a blood pathway that transports blood from the heart to the lungs. When the lung completes gas exchange, blood is pumped from the lungs to the left side of the heart. Blood supply to the lungs plays an important role in gas exchange and functions as a systemic gas transport system. In addition, the innervation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems provides an important level of control through expansion and contraction of the airways. The main function of the lung is to exchange the gas that requires blood from the pulmonary circulation. This blood supply contains deoxygenated blood and red blood cells (also known as erythrocytes) migrate to the lungs that absorb oxygen for delivery to tissues in the body. The pulmonary artery is an artery produced by the pulmonary artery trunk and carries arterial blood deoxygenated to the alveoli. As the bronchi follows the branches of the pulmonary artery many times, the diameter of each branch gradually decreases. Small arteries and their accompanying venules supply and discharge lung lobes The aorta is the main artery leaving the heart. The pulmonary artery is the only artery carrying hypoxic blood. The pulmonary artery sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs. In the lung, gas exchange takes place, carbon dioxide diffuses and oxygen diffuses in it. Small arteries are small arteries that connect larger arteries and capillaries. The arterioles branch into a group of capillary vessels called capillary beds, an example of which is shown in Fig. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the capillary is a thin walled vessel undergoing gas exchange. In the capillary, the wall has only one cell layer. Capillaries are concentrated in the capillary bed. Some capillary tubes have small holes between the cells of the capillary wall, thereby allowing material to enter and exit the capillary as well as white blood cells. As shown in Figure 6, changes in blood vessels also occur in various blood vessels of the circulatory system. Gas exchange occurs in the alveolar capillary membrane. Oxygen is supplied to the capillary tube and carbon dioxide is removed therefrom (FIGS. 3 and 4). This gas exchange converts oxygen-rich blood entering the lung capillary into oxygen-rich blood. At the same time, the air we breathed (21% O 2, almost no CO 2) was converted to our old air (16% O 2, 6% CO 2). Airway and tracheobronchial tree. Air enters through mouth and nose, then moves throat (voice box) and trachea (trachea) down. Air then enters the lungs. The lungs are composed of multiple bifurcated airways (parts) called bronchial tubes. These bronchi ends in a flock of balloon and parrot; alveoli. Each alveolus is surrounded by capillaries that absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. 3 and 3 show three-dimensional and cross-sectional views of alveoli.

Definition of pulmonary emphysema Emphysema is a long-standing respiratory disease, one of many diseases, but most diseases are called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ((N.d.). Merriam-Webster). During emphysema, small air sacs of the alveoli are constantly eliminated, making it increasingly difficult to breathe them. When narrow and fragile alveoli are damaged or destroyed in some way, the lungs will not have the natural elasticity they once had. Emphysema is a widespread lung disease. Currently, about 2 million Americans in the United States suffer from emphysema. Emphysema is ranked 15th among chronic diseases that cause movement limitation. Many people with emphysema are elderly, but the condition of women is increasing. The number of men with emphysema exceeds 54%. From scientific research it is known that normal lungs have a significant balance between two classes of chemicals that have opposite effects. Elastic fibers in the lungs allow the lungs to expand and contract. As the chemical balance changes, the lungs lose their ability to protect themselves from the destruction of these elastic fibers. This is emphysema. There are many reasons for this chemical imbalance. It is related to chronic diseases such as smoking, pollution, occupational hazards. Pulmonary emphysema is a condition involving the destruction of lung tissue, resulting in a decrease in lung elasticity. Patients with emphysema have difficulty breathing and can move freely. Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs. The incidence of elderly people increases due to decreased pulmonary function, decreased blood circulation, and reduced infection resistance. Pneumonia of elderly people who are bedridden for a long time is a special danger. It is because the lung can not be self-washed if there is not enough body A healthy lung of pulmonary emphysema will reach my hand at the same time. Healthy lungs are pink. The inside of a hard and transparent plastic case is very sticky. Emphysema is a healthy lung ghost. Its center is a hollow foam with a black edge. Pulmonary emphysema Lung is larger than lungs. It does not exist. The course has ended. I threw a bag on my shoulder. I am a bit crouch. My shoulder hurts so. I shot my chin from my neck. I quit. I took off my backpack. I put it on my left shoulder. The pain is not so bad. I was looking forward to it. Jamie and her three friends are moving towards the center of the school. Their bags hang on their right shoulder

What are visual defects, and how generic are they? Author: Nate Schackow Second Period On December 17, 1996, it is not only Japanese eyes to see from you. It is very complex and has many components and features that may be defective. However, in order to understand defects, you first need to understand how your eyes function. The first light passes through the cornea, the transparent part of the sclera, or the white color of the eye. It consists of tough fibrous tissue. Behind the sclera is an aqueous liquid called aqueous humor. The most common visual impairments on one page are myopia and hyperopia. Myopia is also known as myopia, my eyes are longer than usual. This is compensated by using a concave lens to spread the light sufficiently to lengthen the focal length of the eye. Hyperopia is also known as hyperopia and is caused by shorter eyes than normal. The convex lens increases the bending of the light and returns the focal point to the retina Primary oral defects are sometimes classified as atrial septal defects, but more often atrioventricular septal defects. Primary mouth defects are less common than secondary mouth defects. This type of defect is usually associated with Down's syndrome. Venous sinus ASD including superior vena cava occupies 2% to 3% of total cardiac communication. It is located at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium. It is usually drained from the right pulmonary vein into the right atrium (not the usual drainage of pulmonary veins into the left atrium). Venous Septal Deficit This defect occurs when the right pulmonary vein enters the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium of the heart. As a result, drainage of one or more pulmonary veins may be abnormal since the pulmonary vein is drained to the right atrium rather than the left atrium. Unless repaired, this heart defect can cause pulmonary problems over time. When blood passes through the ASD from the left atrium to the right atrium, the right side of the heart must handle a greater amount of blood than normal blood. This extra blood enters the lungs through the pulmonary artery and makes blood flow in the pulmonary vessels more than usual.