Internal Transport and Gas Exchange

The inferior vena cava is the delivery of blood from the lower half of the body or the area of ​​the body below the diaphragm to the vein of the heart (Clinic, 2014). The heart is divided into two adjacent pumps. Each pump operates the blood circuit. There is a circulation of the whole body on the left side of the heart, there is a circulation of the lungs on the right side of the heart. Pulmonary circulation is a blood pathway that transports blood from the heart to the lungs. When the lung completes gas exchange, blood is pumped from the lungs to the left side of the heart.

Blood supply to the lungs plays an important role in gas exchange and functions as a systemic gas transport system. In addition, the innervation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems provides an important level of control through expansion and contraction of the airways. The main function of the lung is to exchange the gas that requires blood from the pulmonary circulation. This blood supply contains deoxygenated blood and red blood cells (also known as erythrocytes) migrate to the lungs that absorb oxygen for delivery to tissues in the body. The pulmonary artery is an artery produced by the pulmonary artery trunk and carries arterial blood deoxygenated to the alveoli. As the bronchi follows the branches of the pulmonary artery many times, the diameter of each branch gradually decreases. Small arteries and their accompanying venules supply and discharge lung lobes

The aorta is the main artery leaving the heart. The pulmonary artery is the only artery carrying hypoxic blood. The pulmonary artery sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs. In the lung, gas exchange takes place, carbon dioxide diffuses and oxygen diffuses in it. Small arteries are small arteries that connect larger arteries and capillaries. The arterioles branch into a group of capillary vessels called capillary beds, an example of which is shown in Fig. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the capillary is a thin walled vessel undergoing gas exchange. In the capillary, the wall has only one cell layer. Capillaries are concentrated in the capillary bed. Some capillary tubes have small holes between the cells of the capillary wall, thereby allowing material to enter and exit the capillary as well as white blood cells. As shown in Figure 6, changes in blood vessels also occur in various blood vessels of the circulatory system.

Gas exchange occurs in the alveolar capillary membrane. Oxygen is supplied to the capillary tube and carbon dioxide is removed therefrom (FIGS. 3 and 4). This gas exchange converts oxygen-rich blood entering the lung capillary into oxygen-rich blood. At the same time, the air we breathed (21% O 2, almost no CO 2) was converted to our old air (16% O 2, 6% CO 2). Airway and tracheobronchial tree. Air enters through mouth and nose, then moves throat (voice box) and trachea (trachea) down. Air then enters the lungs. The lungs are composed of multiple bifurcated airways (parts) called bronchial tubes. These bronchi ends in a flock of balloon and parrot; alveoli. Each alveolus is surrounded by capillaries that absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. 3 and 3 show three-dimensional and cross-sectional views of alveoli.