Tropical reefs are highly productive ecosystems. They not only support huge biodiversity but also have great value for human beings. According to recent estimates, coral reefs provide approximately $ 30 billion of goods and services each year. Fisheries: Coral reefs are important for the world's fishery. They form about a quarter of marine fish farms and provide income to communities as well as domestic and international fishing boats. An estimated one billion people rely on coral reefs for income from food and fishery. Coral reefs can produce about 15 tons of fish and other seafood per square kilometer per year if properly managed. Tourism: tourist income from coral reefs is also important. For example, according to the report by the Key West Chamber of Commerce, people visiting Florida Keys earn at least 3 billion dollars per year, while Australia's Great Barrier Reef creates more than $ 1 billion per year. Sustainable coral reef-based tourism can also be an important alternative or additional income source for poor coastal communities in developing countries. Coastal protection: During storms, hurricanes, typhoons and even the tsunami, coral reefs destroyed the power of the waves. By helping to prevent coastal erosion, floods, and coastal property damage, coral reefs save billions of dollars of insurance and reconstruction expenses each year, reducing the need to build expensive coastal defenses I will. Sources of Medical Progress: We can expect that coral reef species will contribute to future medical progress. Coral reef organisms have been used to treat diseases such as cancer and AIDS. As long as you are healthy, like tropical forests, you can find answers to coral reef medical problems. Essential value: For many coastal communities around the world coral reefs and their inhabitants are intricately integrated into cultural tradition. For those people and those who enjoy masks and snorkeling, those who are immersed in a scuba diving three dimensional wonderland, or experience these habitats through the media and books - the world without coral reefs is infinitely poor It will be Why is this important? Most scientists believe that the ocean is half of the world's oxygen source and accounts for one-third of carbon absorption - there is debate about the role of coral reefs in this positive gas exchange, but it is provided by the ocean It is the most important ecosystem. After all, NOAA estimates that estimating the economic value of coral reef - several factors including tourism and food production - will reach $ 30 billion per year. There are many negative factors that affect and destroy coral reefs, but having healthy coral reefs has many important advantages. Coral reefs are very important and their value is hard to judge. However, on a global scale, it is estimated that the value of coral reefs is about 375 billion dollars per year (coral reefs 101 3). According to NOAA, coral reefs are huge sightseeing spots that bring billions of dollars each year (why coral 1). Secondly, coral reefs provide rich seafood to humans. Third, coral reefs provide a natural barrier to protect the coast from dangerous waves Finally, coral reefs have very important medicinal value. In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems.

Research report on coral reefs and their habitat upload by Buster 57 on December 21, 2004 ------------------------------- --- ---------------------------------------------- Coral reefs Is complicated Various habitats They may be the most interesting and colorful ecosystems in the marine environment. They are very unique in many ways. Coral reefs play many important poles in the ocean world. They must have certain conditions to survive. Various marine organisms, including some endangered species, depend on coral reef habitats and food sources. In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems. As part of the global industry, coral reefs made a great contribution to the world economy. In fact, the annual income of some countries, such as Caribbean countries, is mainly derived from activities centered on coral reefs. Unfortunately, the number of coral reefs has declined recently at an amazing rate. This unprecedented reduction, such as irresponsible destructive fishing methods, contamination from neighboring areas, uncontrolled coral mining, excessive erosion from coastal area artifacts, is a serious threat to coral reef function I will. Do not hit or touch coral reefs. Transporting your ship to a coral reef may cause serious damage. Coral reef protection depends on what experts call "ship management". Let's learn about coral reef sites by accident such that your boat does not touch them. People can also destroy coral reefs by touching coral reefs. Coral reefs are formed when coral grows in shallow water near the coast of continents or small islands. Most of coral reefs are known as the surrounding coral reefs because they surround the coastline of the nearby land. However, there are some interesting things that happen when coral reefs grow around volcanic islands. For millions of years, as coral continues to grow, volcano gradually sinks towards the outside toward the outside, gradually heading up towards the surface. Over time, lagoons are formed between coral reefs and sinking islands, and coral reefs are formed around the lagoon. Eventually, the volcano was completely submerged and only the coral circle remained. This is called an atoll. The waves may form part of the land by stacking sand and coral debris on the coral that is eventually growing at the atoll. Many of the Marshall Islands are Pacific island systems and home of the Marshall Islands.

Coral reefs have deteriorated on a global scale at least for the past half a century due to increased nature and human influence. In recent years, the intensity and frequency of stress factors including global climate change are rapidly increasing (Hughes & Connell 1999; Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2007; Pandolfi et al. 2010). Frequent disturbances such as hurricane / cyclone, predatory burst, disease, large bleaching events, swallowing living coral coverage and not recovering, available space by sponges, soft coral and large algae It was solved. In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems. As part of the global industry, coral reefs made a great contribution to the world economy. In fact, the annual income of some countries, such as Caribbean countries, is mainly derived from activities centered on coral reefs. Unfortunately, the number of coral reefs has declined recently at an amazing rate. This unprecedented reduction, such as irresponsible destructive fishing methods, contamination from neighboring areas, uncontrolled coral mining, excessive erosion from coastal area artifacts, is a serious threat to coral reef function I will. Do not hit or touch coral reefs. Transporting your ship to a coral reef may cause serious damage. Coral reef protection depends on what experts call "ship management". Let's learn about coral reef sites by accident such that your boat does not touch them. People can also destroy coral reefs by touching coral reefs.

Discoloration of corals is explained as a state of stressful occurrence at coral reefs. Coral bleaching means destroying the relationship between coral and unicellular algae. The most common symptom of whitening is that the corals become whitish completely. The reason for whitening the corals is because corals release algae (yellow algae) that inhabit the tissues as the water warms up. When coral is bleached, it will not die at first and can survive even under bleaching conditions. Many scientific studies record the direct causal effect of human behavior on coral reef systems. However, few people know how to step back and influence the existence of human beings on the natural functions of the whole coral reef system. What we do not understand is the impact of environmental factors on coral reefs without people. It is speculated that there is certain physical driving force as to how the healthy coral reef community grows. What natural physical conditions will bring healthy coral reefs in an unaffected environment? What are the natural biophysical relationships in these ecosystems? The coral reef ecosystem of the world is threatened by human disturbance and climate change. As a result, many scientists began to study the ecosystem of coral reefs worldwide to better understand the causes and effects of coral reef damage. Hodgson (1999) and Carpenter et al. (2008), they know the ongoing degradation of the worldwide coral reef ecosystem. - Motivation is a very broad term being discussed in various contexts. Business environment, performance dynamics in competitive fields, motivation for friends and family, and motivation to achieve goals. These are all kinds of motives that anyone can participate at any time.

The coral reef ecosystem of the world is threatened by human disturbance and climate change. As a result, many scientists began to study the ecosystem of coral reefs worldwide to better understand the causes and effects of coral reef damage. Hodgson (1999) and Carpenter et al. (2008), they know the ongoing degradation of the worldwide coral reef ecosystem. Hodgson's research involves investigating global coral reef ecosystems to ascertain whether human behavior will affect so-called natural coral reef health. A quarter of the world's coral reefs have disappeared and one-third of the coral reefs (the underlying species of this ecosystem) are on the verge of extinction. Although coral reefs have deteriorated for several reasons, global warming is the cause of extensive death in a few weeks. Today I saw this around the Great Barrier Reef. When coral reefs began to melt in more acidic water, it is possible that large coral reef corals disappeared. The frequency of heat waves predicted by the climate change model will increase markedly in the near future and lead to higher coral mortality. Large-scale coral mortality may last until 2017, and the third worldwide coral bleaching phenomenon in the world was announced last October. I studied coral reef protection at the graduate school. At the time, coral decline was a new phenomenon, no one thought that coral reefs will be extinct in the coming decades. Most of the Florida coral reefs are given the status of state parks and national marine protected areas, but in recent years they are rapidly dead and you can see almost it happens. Rather than reducing carbon emissions, develop strategies to cope with the effects of climate such as sea level rise, erosion, floods, seawater invasion, the occurrence of insect-borne diseases, extreme heat, and head to Florida sandy beaches I filled it. As everyone knows, Scott prohibits state employees from using the term climate change. This is irresponsible everywhere, but at the forefront of the climate war like Florida, it is at the boundary of crime. Hurricane Matthew is an ugly example of what happens when a climate denial and extreme weather collide.

Abstract coral reefs are located in tropical waters and provide precious resources for humans and marine life. The main natural cause of coral reef destruction is global warming. Other causes of nature are earthquakes, hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons. The damage to coral reefs caused by these natural disasters is negligible compared to the dangers caused by humans. Artificial damage has a big influence on the health of coral reefs. Such damage includes overfishing, anchorage damage, aquarium industry, algae flourishment and sediment suffocation. Therefore, global warming can now have the most devastating influence on human coral reefs. Global warming can be caused by the emission of carbon dioxide by combustion of fossil fuels (hurricane coral reefs). Rise in seawater temperature is a direct result of global warming and is extremely dangerous for organisms known as coral and coral home. When disappearing from the alga that corals inhabit, coral declines due to global warming, coral skeleton may become pure white (Thompson). This algae supplies 80% of the energy of the coral and makes the algae indispensable for the presence of corals (a threat). Coral life depends on algae, but too much there is the possibility of adverse influence. Pollution has become one of the major threats to humans by corals as the spillage, sewage, oil, chemicals, chemical fertilizers and radioactive waste flow into the ocean (Kaku) Coral reefs are similar to the biodiversity and life of rainforests. However, like our rain forest, coral reefs are at risk for nature and human beings. Population growth and development changed the coral reef environment. Combined with destructive fishing methods, terrestrial contamination such as agricultural water spills, and excessive coastal development, you can begin to understand the adverse effects on fragile coral reefs. Changes in sea level and temperature due to global warming may also play a destructive role in corals. Changes in the marine environment of the Earth are not common, so we must discuss the importance of this process for coral reefs and the dangerous effects of global warming. Coral reefs are the most abundant ecosystem of marine biodiversity. Coral reefs are estimated to occupy about one-third of all ocean species, and some 500 million depend on coral reef for food, income and chemicals. Coral reefs also become obstacles in bad weather. Human activities are warming the global warming of the earth, especially fossil fuel burning and deforestation, and deforestation. When digging and burning fossil fuels such as coal and oil, carbon dioxide and other gases are released into the atmosphere. Logging forests can also release large amounts of carbon dioxide around the world. The future of coral reefs is threatened by human and nature turmoil

The coral reef ecosystem of the world is threatened by human disturbance and climate change. As a result, many scientists began to study the ecosystem of coral reefs worldwide to better understand the causes and effects of coral reef damage. Hodgson (1999) and Carpenter et al. (2008), they know the ongoing degradation of the worldwide coral reef ecosystem. Hodgson's research involves investigating global coral reef ecosystems to ascertain whether human behavior will affect so-called natural coral reef health. A quarter of the world's coral reefs have disappeared and one-third of the coral reefs (the underlying species of this ecosystem) are on the verge of extinction. Although coral reefs have deteriorated for several reasons, global warming is the cause of extensive death in a few weeks. Today I saw this around the Great Barrier Reef. When coral reefs began to melt in more acidic water, it is possible that large coral reef corals disappeared. The frequency of heat waves predicted by the climate change model will increase markedly in the near future and lead to higher coral mortality. Large-scale coral mortality may last until 2017, and the third worldwide coral bleaching phenomenon in the world was announced last October. I studied coral reef protection at the graduate school. At the time, coral decline was a new phenomenon, no one thought that coral reefs will be extinct in the coming decades. Most of the Florida coral reefs are given the status of state parks and national marine protected areas, but in recent years they are rapidly dead and you can see almost it happens. Rather than reducing carbon emissions, develop strategies to cope with the effects of climate such as sea level rise, erosion, floods, seawater invasion, the occurrence of insect-borne diseases, extreme heat, and head to Florida sandy beaches I filled it. As everyone knows, Scott prohibits state employees from using the term climate change. This is irresponsible everywhere, but at the forefront of the climate war like Florida, it is at the boundary of crime. Hurricane Matthew is an ugly example of what happens when a climate denial and extreme weather collide.

Coral reefs need to be preserved for various reasons. In this article, I will describe some of them. First of all, they will gather a wide variety of living things and provide a fishing industry that supplies food such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and so on. In addition, the coral skeleton can be used as a substitute bone for reconstructive bone surgery and can provide important medicines, including anticancer drugs and UV blocking compounds that can even help reduce global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide . Air. In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems. I studied coral reef protection at the graduate school. At the time, coral decline was a new phenomenon, no one thought that coral reefs will be extinct in the coming decades. Most of the Florida coral reefs are given the status of state parks and national marine protected areas, but in recent years they are rapidly dead and you can see almost it happens. Rather than reducing carbon emissions, develop strategies to cope with the effects of climate such as sea level rise, erosion, floods, seawater invasion, the occurrence of insect-borne diseases, extreme heat, and head to Florida sandy beaches I filled it. As everyone knows, Scott prohibits state employees from using the term climate change. This is irresponsible everywhere, but at the forefront of the climate war like Florida, it is at the boundary of crime. Hurricane Matthew is an ugly example of what happens when a climate denial and extreme weather collide.

You can have a perfect vacation, including a beautiful beach, hot sun, shining beach, and clear water. Many of us like tropical places. If we do not take care of coral reefs now in danger of extinction, we will not last long for this vacation. World government leaders should establish laws to protect them. "Why are coral reefs endangered, why do not they solve the problem if they benefit the world?" To speak frankly, things are not that simple. Protecting the compromised coral reefs will bring long-term benefits to the world. In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems. Reef Coin is a block chain encryption currency designed to help restore coral reefs around the world. This is a cryptographic currency dedicated to marine recovery efforts by innovating and integrating the $ 1 billion industry around coral reefs. As a cryptographic currency, Reef Coin is completely fragmented and is assumed to provide anonymity, speed, fair mining and reliability. Basically, leaf coins are a solution to the threats to marine life and coral reefs. In addition, the leaf coin network is protected and enhanced by members of the leaf coin community, which manages leaf nodes (primary nodes). Every time a block is resolved in a block chain of leaf coins, miners and main node operators receive rewards of leaf coins as bonuses used to aid coral reefs. A case study on coral reef recovery was conducted on Oahu Island in Hawaii. The University of Hawai'i conducted coral reevaluation and surveillance programs to support relocation and restoration of Hawaiian coral reefs. There are lots of coral reefs in the aisle of the ship from Oahu to the Hawaii Maritime Biological Research Institute in Coconut Island. Many reef spot areas in the waterway are damaged by past dredging. Dredging covers coral with corals. Coral larvae can not settle on the sand; they can only be built on existing coral reefs or compatible hard surfaces like stone or concrete. Therefore, the university decided to relocate some corals. They transplanted them closer to the waterway with the help of the US Army's diver. They observed little damage to colonies during transport and no deaths of coral reefs at transplant sites were observed.

Any diver can tell you that coral reefs are beautiful. Like the underwater city, they are full of colorful fish, complex shapes and wonderful marine life. However, the importance of coral reefs far exceeds the pleasure of exploring coral reefs. Coral reefs play an important role in every aspect, from the filtration of water and the breeding of fish to the protection of coastlines and the prevention of erosion. Coral reefs play an important role in protecting coastlines from storms and tsunamis. Barrier reefs like Florida were named for reducing the waves and alleviating the coast. Barrier Reef helps stabilize the mangrove and seaweed beds and can be easily rooted with large waves and H6 water. Preventing erosion is particularly important in coastal areas such as Florida Keys. In Florida Keys, there are houses and commercial buildings on most of the coast. Coral reefs support an incredibly diverse fish as a basis for complex food webs. Algae, soft corals, sponges, invertebrates are the foundation of this network. From small herbivorous animals to large predator fish, food and protection can be found in coral reefs Fish along coral reefs are equally diverse sea crustaceans, reptiles and mammals. From lobster and octopus to tortoise and dolphins, it depends on protection of food, habitat and coral reef. Each animal plays an important role in coral reef ecosystems, regardless of whether it is filtering water, mainly consuming algae, or controlling specific species. By supporting such a wide range of animals and plants coral reefs can maintain a balanced relationship between predators, food and creatures to compete for the same resources. Keeping our marine ecosystems diverse and rich in life is a balanced relationship between them. As people live along the coast, fish and other marine organisms are the main source of protein. From small scale micro fishery to major commercial fleet, harvest of marine life is the main economic power of all the seas of the world. In local fisheries such as lobster, crab, squid, and grove, egg laying and habitat depend directly on coral reefs. Other fisheries such as tuna, dolphins, and other plankton are indirectly dependent on coral reefs, but they consume bait fish. Most corals and sponges are filter feeders. That is, it consumes particulate matter floating on the water column. This will help improve the quality and clarity of coastal water Coral reefs are often the backbone of the regional economy. Diving visitors need not only diving boats and tour guides but also restaurants, hotels, business and entertainment facilities. In many cases, tourism related to coral reefs has expanded to change the overall economy of the region. Of course, this will have a positive and negative impact on the community involved with the marine environment. For example, a person harvesting a turtle egg may choose to sell a turtle tour instead of a living means. On the other hand, the number of unmonitored visitors can cause environmental problems such as coral damage, pollution, inappropriate waste disposal. Most people are familiar with the importance of coral reefs, and their health is declining rapidly, one for ocean acidification. The media is concerned about coral reef bleaching / degradation due to ocean acidification, but also provides an overly simplified understanding of how coral reefs are threatened. Bleaching of coral reefs by acidification of the ocean is just "a tip of the iceberg", which is a big threat to coral reefs, but that is not the only threat. If you have seen coral reefs, the first thing you may notice is their beauty. The wonderful marine invertebrates that make up coral reefs are extremely diverse and profound in contributing to ecosystems, economics and natural resources. In a nutshell, coral reef will provide us (free). Any diver can tell you that coral reefs are beautiful. Like the underwater city, they are full of colorful fish, complex shapes and wonderful marine

Please investigate coral reefs, ridges or high parts of the shallower part of the ocean floor near the ocean. It is formed by accumulation like rock of the calcareous (calcium) exoskeleton in coral animals, calcareous red algae and molluscs. Corals growing on the previous generation bones are built on a layer-by-layer basis, coral reefs grow upward at a rate of 1 to 100 cm (0.4 to 40 inches) per year. In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems. Coral reefs are generally classified into four categories: coral reefs, reefs, coral reefs, plaque reefs, atolls. Coral reefs are the most common coral reefs growing near the coastline. Barrier Coral Reef is different from Edge Coral Reef in that it is separated from the coastline by deeper and wider lagoons. Plaque reefs usually grow between islands or shelf lags and barrier reefs. The coral circle forming the atoll forms a protected lagoon in the middle of the ocean, usually around the island that sinks into the sea. Coral reefs are formed when coral grows in shallow water near the coast of continents or small islands. Most of coral reefs are known as the surrounding coral reefs because they surround the coastline of the nearby land. However, there are some interesting things that happen when coral reefs grow around volcanic islands. For millions of years, as coral continues to grow, volcano gradually sinks towards the outside toward the outside, gradually heading up towards the surface. Over time, lagoons are formed between coral reefs and sinking islands, and coral reefs are formed around the lagoon. Eventually, the volcano was completely submerged and only the coral circle remained. This is called an atoll. The waves may form part of the land by stacking sand and coral debris on the coral that is eventually growing at the atoll. Many of the Marshall Islands are Pacific island systems and home of the Marshall Islands. Coral reefs are widely distributed in warm shallows. They may work as obstacles along the continent (such as the Great Barrier Reef in Australia), the surrounding islands, and atolls. Of course coral reef is the main organism is coral. Coral is interesting because it has both algae (animal) and animal polyps. Due to malnutrition of coral reef water, corals acquire nutrients through algae through photosynthesis and obtain plankton from the water by extending the tentacles. In addition to corals, animals have several microorganisms, invertebrates, fish, sea urchin, octopus, starfish and others.

Individual coral polyps in coral reefs are usually very small, usually less than 1/2 inch (or ~ 1.5 cm) in diameter. The largest polyps are found in mushroom corals and are 5 inches or longer in length. However, as corals are colonies, the size of colonies can be much larger. The large pier will be the size of a small car and one branch colony can cover the whole coral reef. Coral reefs mostly consist of many colonies, but they are still bigger. The largest coral reef is the Great Barrier Reef, 1,600 miles (2,600 km) from the eastern coast of Australia. It is too big to see from the universe! Coral reefs are formed when coral grows in shallow waters near the shore of the continent and near small islands. Most of coral reefs are known as the surrounding coral reefs because they surround the coastline of the nearby land. However, there are some interesting things that happen when coral reefs grow around volcanic islands. For millions of years, as coral continues to grow, volcano gradually sinks outward towards the open sea, facing upwards toward the surface. Over time, a lagoon is formed between the coral reef and the sinking island, and coral reefs are formed around the lagoon. Eventually the volcano was completely submerged and only the coral circle remained. This is called an atoll. The waves eventually accumulate sand and coral fragments on the coral growing at the atoll, forming a part of the land. Many of the Marshall Islands are the Pacific island system, home to the Marshall Islands, atolls. Large coral reefs and planting of coral reefs take a long time as each coral slowly grows. The fastest coral grows more than 6 inches (15 cm) a year, but most grow less than 1 inch per year. Coral reefs grow slowly as corals become dead and become smaller and become harder. Individual colonies can usually survive for decades to centuries and some deep-sea colonies survived for more than 4,000 years. One way we know this is because the corals just lay the rings like trees. These flaws will tell us about hundreds or thousands of years ago. The Great Barrier Reef, which exists today, began to grow about 20,000 years ago. In the shallow and deep sea, corals can be seen all over the world, but coral reefs exist only in shallow waters of the tropical subtropical zone. This is because the algae contained in the tissue needs light for photosynthesis and it is preferable that the water temperature is 70 to 85 ° F (22 to 29 ° C). The deep-sea coral flourishes in a cold, dark sea, with a depth of 20,000 feet (6,000 meters). Both stone-rich corals and soft corals are in the deep sea. Deep ocean corals do not have the same algae and do not require sunlight or warm water to survive, but they also grow very slowly. The place to find them is the seamount called Seamount. Coral reefs are often referred to as tropical tropical forests because they are more plants and animal species than any other marine ecosystem. Coral reefs are made by invertebrate marine organisms known as polyps. Coral polyps form a hard limestone skeleton underneath them and around their base. These limestone skeletons help to protect polyps by attaching polyps to stable surfaces such as rocks and other corals. As the polyp dies and leaves the limestone skeleton, a new lizard has grown over the old bone and has made a large coral reef for thousands of years. Microscopic algae inhabit corals. Algae inhabiting polyps undergo photosynthesis and produce sugars and oxygen consumed by polyps. Instead, the polyp provides a shelter for the algae and also produces carbon dioxide for the algae used for photosynthesis. How will coral reefs be formed? Coral reefs are composed of coral skeletons. The coral secretes a hard calcium carbonate skeleton that protects coral polyps. Each polyp forms a small skeleton cup called a flowerbed. It is hidden when not active or threatened. As coral crowds grow, it must secrete new bone material on old bones. Years later, aggregate accu

With the tragic news of a large bleaching event that affects more than 90% of the Great Barrier Reef earlier this year, the battle to save the blue planet coral reefs is more urgent than ever. People all over the world are asking what they can do to help them. Through science, we can find answers and solutions to solve the biggest problems of society Recent research published by scientific journal Nature Scientific Reports gives us a starting point. In fact, if you investigate the severity of the problem, the solution is obvious. Researchers have observed that remote isolated coral reefs far from the human settlement are affected like coastal coral reefs. Contamination and overfishing in neighboring communities had a major impact on neighboring coral reefs. But if these are the main threats to coral reefs, those remote coral reefs should be protected from damage. It's not. The fundamental fact is that humans are influencing coral reefs all over the world - in fact the oceans John Bruno, a marine ecologist at North Carolina University, was surprised that even local most affected coral reefs, such as pollution and fishery, did not improve on coral and algae coverings. One discovery completely reversed the ecology and conservation paradigm of professional coral reefs. We assume that isolated coral reefs are almost pure and resilient to global warming. " In other words, if you do not target greenhouse gas emissions, pollution prevention and overfishing will have little long-term benefits. Climate change is the biggest threat to coral reefs (and other sensitive ecosystems around the world). The ocean impact of climate change will include rising seawater temperature and increasing acidity as more carbon dioxide (from fossil fuels) is absorbed from the atmosphere and the sea level rises. Corals are sensitive creatures with a range of optimum conditions that can be reproduced. As the temperature rises, the coral becomes nervous and destroys those symbiotic algae dependent on nutrition. This is the cause of bleaching Higher acidity actually prevents coral polyps from forming a calcium carbonate framework. If acidity is high, corals and whole coral reefs may corrode and dissolve. In addition, as the sea level rises, corals can penetrate deep into the water and out of the ideal photosynthesis range. Climate change is the greatest threat to the planet. It caused serious ecological and social damage. There is still hope, but in order to save our planet and the sea, we all have to participate in it. The easiest way to help coral reefs is to reduce the use of fossil fuels by individuals. One way is to reduce driving, walking, riding a bicycle, using public transport. Provide weather protection for your home and reduce energy consumption during heating and cooling. Please shop wisely and understand how wasteful our packaging is. Of course, reduction, recycling, recycling (and rejecting disposable plastics) However, it is still premature to write notes on coral reefs. Their destiny seems awful now, but science is our understanding of coral reefs, how we can save it, the role they play in a wider marine environment, and how human society and its economy I am changing about my great interest. In fact, the complexity and interdependence of these systems and their dependence may be key to coral reef protection. This is the key to our work in our Nature Conservancy. We are seeking necessary support from partners, associations, businesses, and groups of associations that are intertwined with the fate of coral reefs. In these places, solutions will be found at the intersection of conservation and business, finance and science, advanced politics and the community. Coral reefs are one of the oldest and most diverse ecosystems on the planet; for this reason scientists refer to coral reefs as "marine rain forests." The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (2008) estimates that about 25% of marine orga

Coral reef structure buffers the coastline against waves, storms, floods and helps to prevent loss of life, property damage, and erosion. When coral reefs are destroyed or destroyed, the lack of such natural barriers increases the damage of the coastal community caused by normal wave actions and storms. Millions of people live in coastal areas of the United States near or near coral reefs. Coastal development that needs to provide necessary infrastructure for coastal residents and growing coastal tourism industry However, coastal development and contaminated outflow effects of coastal zones (such as docks, docks, construction of bridges, dredging on supplementary beaches etc.) can damage coral reefs over long periods of time. Therefore, the health of coral reefs depends on the practice of sustainable coastal development to protect sensitive coral ecosystems and living creatures there. In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems. Coral reefs buffer the adjacent coastline by waves, preventing erosion, property damage, and loss of human life. Coral reefs also protect high-yield wetlands in coastal areas, as well as ports and the economies it supports. It is estimated that 500 million people worldwide live within 100 kilometers of coral reefs and benefit from production and protection. As part of the global industry, coral reefs have made a great contribution to the world economy. In fact, some countries, like the Caribbean countries, receive revenue primarily from activities centered on coral reefs. Unfortunately, the number of coral reefs has declined recently at an amazing rate. This unprecedented reduction, such as irresponsible destructive fishing methods, contamination from neighboring areas, mining coral mining, excessive erosion from coastal area artifacts, poses a serious threat to coral reef function I am in

Climate change is the world's biggest threat to coral reef ecosystems. Scientific evidence clearly shows that the Earth's atmosphere and the ocean are warming, and these changes are mainly due to greenhouse gases produced by human activities. As the temperature rises, the occurrence of large-scale coral bleaching and infections is more frequent. Furthermore, carbon dioxide absorbed by the ocean from the atmosphere began to change the calcification rate of reef and coral reef-related organisms by lowering the pH. Ocean acidification Climate change affects coral reef ecosystems through sea level rise, changes in frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones, and changes in ocean circulation patterns. In summary, all these effects dramatically change the function of the ecosystem and the products and services that coral reef ecosystems provide to people all over the world. The increase in greenhouse gases caused by human activities leads to climate change and acidification of the ocean. Climate change = ocean change The ocean of the world is a big sink that absorbs carbon dioxide (CO2). This slows global warming, but it is also changing ocean chemistry. Factors that increase greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere include burning fossil fuels to generate heat and energy, producing industrial products, raising livestock, fertilization and deforestation. Climate change leads to the following. Sea level rise: There is a possibility that coral reef sediments increase near land sediment sources. Sediment runoff can cause corals asphyxiation Storm pattern change: leading to more powerful and more frequent storms that can damage coral reefs Changes in precipitation: As the amount of outflow of freshwater, sediment and terrestrial contaminants increases, large-scale algae breeding will cause water quality deterioration and light reduction Changes in ocean current: Changes in connectivity and temperature conditions lead to coral that lacks food and prevent spread of coral larvae Ocean acidification (as a result of increased carbon dioxide): causes coral growth and a decrease in pH which reduces the integrity of the structure Climate change causes sea level rise and has a major impact on coral reef ecosystem. Coral reef ecosystems grow at specific temperatures and sea levels ("the impact of climate on ecosystems | impact of climate change | US EPA"). They coexist with photosynthetic brown worms algae. Zooxanthella requires sun to produce the necessary nutrients for corals. Sea level rise will reduce the amount of solar radiation on the sea surface, weaken the ability of photosynthetic poultry algae to synthesize coral nutrients and sudden exposure of coral reefs to the atmosphere may cause coral bleaching. US Environmental Protection Agency ") Climate change is the world's greatest threat to coral reef ecosystems and scientific evidence clearly shows that the Earth's atmosphere and oceans are warming. Climate change affects coral reef ecosystems through sea level rise, changes in frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones, and changes in ocean circulation patterns. In summary, all these effects dramatically change the function of the ecosystem and the products and services that coral reef ecosystems provide to people all over the world. Our infographic describes the process from sea level rise to ocean acidification. Today's coral reefs are threatened all over the world (ICRI, NOAA, Reefbase). This is not new, but the extent to which coral will die in the world is uneasy. The impact of sustainable climate change, which has a measurable rise in saltwater temperature, directly affects coral reefs as the third global whitening event in 2015/16. This incident led to coral mass deaths (NOAA announced the third global coral bleaching event, ElNiño extended the longest worldwide coral bleaching event) Coral reefs are expected to experience more frequent whitening phenomena between 2012 and 40 years. The

According to new research, chemicals in sunscreens can damage coral reefs as swimmers attempt to protect the skin near coral reefs. Researchers behind this study, published in the Journal of Environmental Pollution and Toxicology, discovered that chemical oxybenzone is toxic to young corals and causes endocrine disruption, DNA damage, and coral death. Oxybenzone also exacerbates the fading of corals, the process by which corals reject symbiotic organisms and lose color. In recent years, bleaching is particularly popular because the seawater temperature is rising. According to the National Park Service, currently around 4,000 to 6,000 tons of sunscreen products are in the world every year. Given very few toxic effects, this is a lot of sunscreen. According to a new study, toxicity occurs at a concentration of 62 per trillion. According to research authors Omri Bronstein of the University of Tel Aviv, this is equivalent to a drop of water in the Olympic pool. "Current concentrations of oxybenzone in these coral reefs are ecologically major threats," Bronstein said in a press release. Researchers warned that they did not recommend swimming athletes to stop using the sunscreen. Instead, they strongly encourage consumers to carefully consider the sunscreens they buy before they swim in the sea. According to the National Park Service, sunscreens containing titanium oxide or zinc oxide are not known to damage coral reefs. In addition, swimmers can cover their upper body with long-sleeved shirts or other clothing to reduce the use of sunscreen Sunscreens are long-term threats to coral reefs, such as pollution, overfishing and climate change. In addition to its stunning appearance, coral reefs play an important role in communities and the world. First of all, they contribute to the regional economy through sightseeing and maintain ecosystems that people can catch. According to estimates by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the annual economic contribution of coral reefs around the world is $ 30 billion. Coral reefs also protect the global environment by isolating carbon dioxide by acting as a carbon sink. Otherwise, carbon dioxide will cause global warming TextColorWhiteTransparencyOpaqueBackgroundColorBlackTransparencyOpaqueWindowColorBlackTransparencyTransparent A sunscreen ranging from 6,000 to 14,000 tons a year brings swimmers, divers and divers to the coral reef environment. Contamination of more sunscreen may reach coastal areas through drainage. As many as 10% of the world's coral reefs may be threatened by certain chemicals in most sunscreens. Global warming, pollution, and other human activities are an even greater threat to the survival of coral reefs. To swim, diving, snorkeling near coral reefs, you need to use sunscreens that are friendly to coral reefs or safe for coral reefs. How do you know if sunscreen is safe for coral reefs? Sunscreens are long-term threats to coral reefs, such as pollution, overfishing and climate change. In addition to its stunning appearance, coral reefs play an important role in communities and the world. First of all, they contribute to the regional economy through sightseeing and maintain ecosystems that people can catch. According to estimates by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the annual economic contribution of coral reefs around the world is $ 30 billion. Coral reefs also protect the global environment by isolating carbon dioxide by acting as a carbon sink. Otherwise, carbon dioxide will cause global warming Coral reefs are very precious ecosystems. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) states that over 1 million species, including about 4,000 species of fish and 800 different types of hard corals, may live in and around coral reefs. Rigid corals and coral with many stones are creatures that make coral reefs. Researchers have found evidence that oxybenzone, a common constituent of sunscreen agents, can

Save water. The less water you use, the less drained or drained water will eventually return to the ocean. Tidy volunteers at local beaches and coral reefs. If you do not live near the coast, please participate in protecting your basin Let's become a knowledgeable consumer and learn how everyday choices affect coral reef health, such as water, recycling, seafood, resort, fertilizer use, driving hours etc. When exploring coral reefs and coastal areas, there are many things you can do to confirm that they are environmentally friendly. These are to hire local guides to support the economy, clean up all the garbage in the area, avoid touching or harassing coral reef wildlife, and avoiding dropping anchors and chains near coral reefs Including. Lastly, let's get information and promote it. Educate yourself why healthy coral reefs are important to the people, fish, plants and animals that depend on it. Your excitement will help others to participate. Do not hit or touch coral reefs. Driving your boat to a coral reef can cause serious damage. As experts say, coral reef protection depends on appropriate 'ship management'. Let's learn about coral reef location by your boat so as not to touch them or by accident. People can also destroy them by touching coral reefs. In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems. A lot of research has been done to try to protect coral reefs. Many organizations are also working on protecting coral reefs. One of them is the US Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF). Some of what they are doing is reducing coral reef degradation and reducing overfishing and other problems. Furthermore, in 2000, the CRTF developed a national action plan for coral reef conservation. This outlines strategies that can be used to address the threat to coral reefs. The team also often meet new advice that can help with their progress. Other associations tried to help repair coral reefs. Some of their efforts involve the establishment of isolated marine protected areas, coral reef grafting, electrolytic degradation to promote growth and limit harmful fishing methods. " To protect coral reefs, surveillance, survey and restoration are important. However, legal mechanisms may be necessary to ultimately protect coral reefs. Legal mechanisms include the establishment of Marine Reserve (MPA). Protective marine fences such as coral reef systems have better potential for survival, as marine protected areas have additional legal influence behind them. Coral reefs are large underwater structures made up of the skeletons of colonized marine invertebrates known as corals. Coral species that form coral reefs are called Harmonized type or "hard" corals because they form a hard and durable exoskeleton that extracts calcium carbonate from seawater to protect its soft capsules. Other corals not participating in the construction of coral reefs are called 'soft' corals. The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) is a nonprofit environmental conservation organization that is a flexible creature much like plants and trees such as seafans and sea whip.

Coral reefs come from a 500 meter resolution dataset developed for Reefs at Risk Revisited (Burke et al., 2011) and a resample version of the exclusive economic zone of the Marine Health Index. The situation of coral reefs was estimated using the raw coral cover data from 12,634 surveys conducted from 1975 to 2006, and Bruno and Selig (2007) and Schutte et al. (2010) The coral reef reference point is the coverage rate of coral reefs in 1975. The current status report is as follows: Current coral reef coverage ÷ Percentage of coral reef coverage in 1975 As with all habitats used in OHI, coral reefs are used as an integral part of various target scores. However, using it depends on the target in question. Habitats such as coral reefs are used to calculate these target scores, but the country will not be punished by not having a specific habitat type. Calculations are based on the grade of existing habitats, not all possible habitat types. The status and extent of coral reefs can be used both as a direct measure and indirect support. Coral reefs are used directly as an integral part of the calculation of coastal protection (coral) and biodiversity (habitat: coral). For these purposes, the extent and conditions of coral habitat directly affect the score calculation. Corals are also used as part of natural target, but are measured in various ways. Coral reefs are also used indirectly to calculate scores for microfishes, natural products (aquarium fish), livelihoods and economics (aquarium trading) scores. For example, assessment of manual catch by observing the existence of explosion or intoxicated fishery: The number of coral reefs decreases because of the large number of bycatch. Do not hit or touch coral reefs. Driving your boat to a coral reef can cause serious damage. As experts say, coral reef protection depends on appropriate 'ship management'. Let's learn about coral reef location by your boat so as not to touch them or by accident. People can also destroy them by touching coral reefs. Humans greatly affect coral reefs. Coral reefs are dying around the world. Destructive activities include coral mining, contamination (organic and inorganic), overfishing, explosive catch, canal excavation, access to islands and bays. Other hazards include diseases, destructive fishing methods and marine warming. Factors affecting coral reefs include the influence of oceans as a carrier of distant coral reefs, pollutants, carbon dioxide sinks to algae flowers, atmospheric changes, ultraviolet rays, ocean acidification, viruses, and sandstorms included. Coral reefs are far beyond coastal areas. If it kills coral, global warming will cause coral to decline Coral reefs are formed when coral grows in shallow waters near the shore of the continent and near small islands. Most of coral reefs are known as the surrounding coral reefs because they surround the coastline of the nearby land. However, there are some interesting things that happen when coral reefs grow around volcanic islands. For millions of years, as coral continues to grow, volcano gradually sinks outward towards the open sea, facing upwards toward the surface. Over time, a lagoon is formed between the coral reef and the sinking island, and coral reefs are formed around the lagoon. Eventually the volcano was completely submerged and only the coral circle remained. This is called an atoll. The waves eventually accumulate sand and coral fragments on the coral growing at the atoll, forming a part of the land. Many of the Marshall Islands are the Pacific island system, home to the Marshall Islands, atolls.

Coral Sea's tropical rainforest. Coral and tropical rainforests are very important to the world as they have very important functions. Carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater and forms an acid called carbonic acid called carbonic acid. This acid does not make limestone, but the dose dissolves in the ready-to-use limestone needed to create limestone. Tropical rainforests release oxygen. The coral is like a tropical rainforest in the sea, and coral reefs and animals. Coral reefs are one of the oldest and most diverse ecosystems on the planet; scientists portrayed coral reefs as "marine rainforests" due to this problem. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (2008) estimates that about 25% of marine organisms use coral reefs as predators, breeding grounds and feeding places, but coral reefs cover only a small portion (Estimated about 0.1%). The Sea of ​​the World - Coral Reef Ecosystem Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and productive communities on the planet and are found in the warm, clear, shallow waters of the tropical oceans around the world. Many corals resemble plants, but in reality they are members of the gate. Coral reefs, the "sea tropical rain forest" is the most biologically productive and productive ecosystem on Earth. They account for less than 1 percent of the ocean floor, but more than a quarter of the marine life is inhabited. Worldwide economic value of coral reefs is $ 375 million annually, providing food and resources to more than 500 million people in more than 100 countries and regions. Tragically, however, coral reefs are at stake.

Most of us know that coral reefs are beautiful, do you know that they are an important part of ocean health? Over the last few decades, many coral reefs around the world are affected by more direct human injury, such as global warming, polluted watersheds, and overfishing that is contrary to ethics. The following are six reasons why coral reefs are crucial to the global health of the earth and its population. From minimal shrimp to largest predator, marine organisms find food and shelter above coral reefs. Without these prosperous and important habitats, fish and marine organisms will not exist. Coral reefs slow the flow of water. Interestingly, coral reefs are most likely to form the most powerful places of the ocean currents and waves. Coral reefs in places like Florida Keys will help prevent coastal erosion. Without coral reefs, many of the world's most vulnerable coastal ecosystems would not prosper Coral reefs can not exist in dark and contaminated waters. Many individual corals and sponges consume particles from the ocean. This will improve the transparency and quality of the seawater. Clean and clear water makes our beach more beautiful and coral reefs continue to prosper Coral limestone shells are formed by the treatment of carbon dioxide by the ocean. Without coral, the carbon dioxide content of the ocean will increase, affecting all creatures on the planet. As long as there are humans, fish are consumed as a source of protein. Therefore, the rich consumption of marine organisms of healthy coral reefs makes them important to human nutrition. Large and small fisheries rely on coral reefs directly or indirectly as a source of livelihood Coral reefs are indispensable to sightseeing and can create and protect many of the world's most beautiful beaches. There are no clear waters or opportunities to explore through diving or snorkeling, depending on the economic collapse of tourism This makes it important for visitors to learn how to protect the world's coral reefs. For a list of guides that divers and divers can do, please visit Reef Relief on this page. In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems. Coral reefs are generally divided into four categories: coral reefs, coral reefs, coral reefs, plaque coral reefs and atolls. Coral reefs are the most common coral reefs growing near the coastline. The barrier reef differs from the surrounding leaf in that it is separated from the coastline by deeper and wider lagoons. Plaque reefs usually grow between the edge leaves and barrier reefs of islands and continental shelves. The coral circle forming the atoll forms a protected lagoon in the middle of the ocean, usually around the island that sinks into the sea. Coral reefs are formed when coral grows in shallow waters near the shore of the continent and near small islands. Most of coral reefs are known as the surrounding coral reefs because they surround the coastline of the nearby land. However, there are some interesting things that happen when coral reefs grow around volcanic islands. For millions of years, as coral continues to grow, volcano gradually sinks outward towards the open sea, facing upwards toward the surface. Over time, a lagoon is formed between the coral reef and the sinking island, and coral reefs are formed around the lagoon. Eventually the volcano was completely submerged and only the coral circle remained. This is called an atoll. The waves eventually accumulate sand and coral fragments on the cor

Climate change is the world's greatest threat to coral reef ecosystems and scientific evidence clearly shows that the Earth's atmosphere and oceans are warming. Climate change affects coral reef ecosystems through sea level rise, changes in frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones, and changes in ocean circulation patterns. In summary, all these effects dramatically change the function of the ecosystem and the products and services that coral reef ecosystems provide to people all over the world. Our infographic describes the process from sea level rise to ocean acidification. Today's coral reefs are threatened all over the world (ICRI, NOAA, Reefbase). This is not new, but the extent to which coral will die in the world is uneasy. The impact of sustainable climate change, which has a measurable rise in saltwater temperature, directly affects coral reefs as the third global whitening event in 2015/16. This incident led to coral mass deaths (NOAA announced the third global coral bleaching event, ElNiño extended the longest worldwide coral bleaching event) Climate change is the world's greatest threat to coral reef ecosystems and scientific evidence clearly shows that the Earth's atmosphere and oceans are warming. Climate change affects coral reef ecosystems through sea level rise, changes in frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones, and changes in ocean circulation patterns. In summary, all these effects dramatically change the function of the ecosystem and the products and services that coral reef ecosystems provide to people all over the world. Our infographic describes the process from sea level rise to ocean acidification. The most famous example of marine ecosystems at risk of climate change are coral reefs. Coral reefs are the most diverse ecosystems in the ocean, supporting at least hundreds of thousands. Corals are very susceptible to the effects of climate change due to their narrow physiological limits, close proximity to populated areas, and the threats associated with these issues (Hoegh-Guldberg 2005; Knowlton and Jackson 2008). To prevent dangerous ocean storms, millions of people around the world rely on coral reef fishing and tourism to maintain living and coral structures (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007).

I have not told anyone about these things. In any case, he called me "fish mouth". Indeed, he used to call me "a dog's mouth." But when he moved, he had a book of this fish. He also has this book on psychology that looks more like a yellow page. I did a lot for my 14 year old child. When I returned home that day, the fish book was in my bag. I compared his name next to him and placed his name next to his fish. Then I put it somewhere near my house. Coral reef organisms are affected by many pathogens as corals decline, black belt diseases and leukoplakia. In the 1980's, aquatic pathogens caused massive deaths of thorny sea urchin Diadema antillarum. In some places, the sea urchin population has decreased by 95%. This sea urchin is an important herbivorous animal controlling the growth of algae in coral reef habitats. Decrease in the sea urchin population results in excessive algae reproduction in coral reefs throughout the Caribbean Sea In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems. Coral reefs are generally classified into four categories: coral reefs, reefs, coral reefs, plaque reefs, atolls. Coral reefs are the most common coral reefs growing near the coastline. Barrier Coral Reef is different from Edge Coral Reef in that it is separated from the coastline by deeper and wider lagoons. Plaque reefs usually grow between islands or shelf lags and barrier reefs. The coral circle forming the atoll forms a protected lagoon in the middle of the ocean, usually around the island that sinks into the sea.

I have not told anyone about these things. In any case, he called me "fish mouth". Indeed, he used to call me "a dog's mouth." But when he moved, he had a book of this fish. He also has this book on psychology that looks more like a yellow page. I did a lot for my 14 year old child. When I returned home that day, the fish book was in my bag. I compared his name next to him and placed his name next to his fish. Then I put it somewhere near my house. Coral reef organisms are affected by many pathogens as corals decline, black belt diseases and leukoplakia. In the 1980's, aquatic pathogens caused massive deaths of thorny sea urchin Diadema antillarum. In some places, the sea urchin population has decreased by 95%. This sea urchin is an important herbivorous animal controlling the growth of algae in coral reef habitats. Decrease in the sea urchin population results in excessive algae reproduction in coral reefs throughout the Caribbean Sea In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems. Coral reefs are generally classified into four categories: coral reefs, reefs, coral reefs, plaque reefs, atolls. Coral reefs are the most common coral reefs growing near the coastline. Barrier Coral Reef is different from Edge Coral Reef in that it is separated from the coastline by deeper and wider lagoons. Plaque reefs usually grow between islands or shelf lags and barrier reefs. The coral circle forming the atoll forms a protected lagoon in the middle of the ocean, usually around the island that sinks into the sea.

Most people like to travel around the world. A beautiful beach and a relaxing sound under the hot sun sounds like a perfect vacation. Visitors usually like the clear blue sea, fish, and various underwater creatures that are visible. These perfect holidays will not last unless people are cautious about their daily behavior. The sea is made of colorful coral reefs. Several of today's coral reefs are in danger of extinction and need to look after them for our benefit. As part of the global industry, coral reefs made a great contribution to the world economy. In fact, the annual income of some countries, such as Caribbean countries, is mainly derived from activities centered on coral reefs. Unfortunately, the number of coral reefs has declined recently at an amazing rate. This unprecedented reduction, such as irresponsible destructive fishing methods, contamination from neighboring areas, uncontrolled coral mining, excessive erosion from coastal area artifacts, is a serious threat to coral reef function I will. In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems. Population growth and urban development are currently the biggest threat to coral reefs. Development activities lead to erosion, resulting in the loss of sediments and ultimately reaching coral reefs. Rainwater outflow also brings fertilizer and sewage into the ocean and destroys coral reefs. Following the increase in nutrient concentration in coral reef environments, algae will increase, which can potentially smother the corals. Whether direct rain or rising turbidity of nutrients, the amount of sunlight reaching the coral decreases.

Please use only ecological or organic fertilizer for your garden and lawn. Chemicals and pesticides flow into the water system, contaminate the ocean, can flow over long distances, and damage coral reefs and other marine life. Plant trees - you will reduce spills to the sea. It also contributes to the reversal of global warming and the rise of seawater temperature. 4. Plan the cleaning work on the beach. Plastic contaminates seawater and endangers coral reefs and other marine organisms. 5. Practice safe diving and snorkelling while exploring coral reefs. Please do not put the boat on coral reefs or touch it. Talk to your family, friends, neighbors, talk about coral reefs, the sea tropical rainforest, and explain coral reef crisis. Let them participate and play a role! 7. Please contact government representatives seeking measures to protect coral reefs, prevent marine pollution, expand marine protected areas, and take steps to prevent global warming. 8. Assistance and volunteer support from organizations like Biosphere Foundation promise to protect coral reefs, seas, rivers, lakes or other water in your area. Clean water is overflowing. All basins affect the ocean and eventually affect the coral reefs. 9. Learn more about coral reefs, their excellent biodiversity, and their special role as our sea messenger and the health of the world. Establish WastewaterGardens® (Eco Waste Recycling System) at your home, school or community. Everything you do is help save coral reefs, all these are beneficial! "Sometimes the generation will be wonderful, you can be a wonderful generation." - Nelson Mandela In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems. A lot of research has been done to try to protect coral reefs. Many organizations are also working on protecting coral reefs. One of them is the US Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF). Some of what they are doing is reducing coral reef degradation and reducing overfishing and other problems. Furthermore, in 2000, the CRTF developed a national action plan for coral reef conservation. This outlines strategies that can be used to address the threat to coral reefs. The team also often meet new advice that can help with their progress. Other associations tried to help repair coral reefs. Some of their efforts involve the establishment of isolated marine protected areas, coral reef grafting, electrolytic degradation to promote growth and limit harmful fishing methods. " Do not hit or touch coral reefs. Driving your boat to a coral reef can cause serious damage. As experts say, coral reef protection depends on appropriate 'ship management'. Let's learn about coral reef location by your boat so as not to touch them or by accident. People can also destroy them by touching coral reefs. Even if you do not live near a coral reef, everyone has many ways to influence coral reefs. When every effort is made to protect and protect coral reefs, coral reefs will become a healthier environment and become healthier. NOAA will list a simple daily item list that people can help save coral reefs. First of all, please try recycling anything you can (1 in 25). Most of the garbage currently floating in the ocean comes from land. This type of garbage is very harmful to marine animals. Also, do not leave any kind of garbage when you visit the beach. The trash left on the beach easily enter the ocean. Another thing you can do is protect coral reefs from water conservation (25 things). The less water you use, the

Hawaii will be the first state banning the sale of sunscreens containing chemicals that are considered to be harmful to the environment. Legislative parliament passed a bill prohibiting the sale and distribution of commercial sunscreen containing oxybenzone or caprylate that turned out to be "genetic damage to coral and other marine organisms" on Tuesday. "These chemicals also demonstrate the ability to reduce coral resilience and ability to adapt to climate change factors and to prevent new coral replenishment," the law stipulates. According to the law, swimmers and beaches continue to update and update pollution every day. According to scientific papers in 2015, as many as 14,000 tons of sunscreen are released to coral reefs every year. CBS journalist Carter Evans explored last summer with an airplane equipped with a special image sensor on the Island of Hawaii. Red in the entire map is dead or dead. (Please view the report at the bottom of this page or click here.) This is not only Hawaii. Coral reefs are on the verge of extinction all over the world. Scientists say that this is primarily due to rising seawater temperatures, but new evidence shows that certain sunscreens worsen them in popular tourist destinations. However, some cancer experts have expressed concern that certain sunscreen bans may increase the risk of skin cancer. They cast doubt on science and many environmentally friendly alternatives are more expensive so worried that people will not use sunscreens. Karen Grants of the University of Hawaii Cancer Center of KGMB-TV, a subsidiary of CBS, says: This bill is expected to be approved by the Governor of Hawaii, but still it is necessary to pass a legal review. When it comes into effect in January 2021, KGMB-TV reports In order to protect valuable coral ecosystems in Hawaii, the Legislature passed a bill prohibiting the sale and distribution of sunscreens containing oxybenzone and caprylate on May 1, 2018. If the bill is signed by Governor David Ige, it will come into effect on January 1, 2021. This is an important step to protect one of Hawaii's major tourist attractions - it is a beautiful coral reef ecosystem. Tourism is an important part of the Hawaiian economy - over $ 16 billion in industry. Millions of visitors will be affected by this law, but local companies are strengthening to support their campaign. For example, Hawaiian Airlines has partnered with Raw Elements to provide customers with a safe coral reef sunscreen that includes certified natural and organic ingredients. Protection of coral reefs: Hotels in Hawaii have taken measures to delay the bleaching of coral reefs by applying environmentally friendly sunscreen. Hotel chain Aqua-Aston Hospitality is a statewide initiative to keep visitors away from Oxybenzone, a sunscreen chemical that prevents fading of the coral. When people wearing sunscreens go swimming, they bring these chemicals into the ocean. According to the survey, coral reefs in Hawaii are in contact with more than 6,000 tons of sunscreen lotion every year. Chemical substances such as oxybenzone and oxidized octanoic acid also flow out of the marine ecosystem through sewage treatment plants. As they are not designed to remove other contaminants, they are usually not removed by the wastewater treatment system. A 2015 survey revealed that in the Olympic size six swimming pools, oxybenzone began seriously damaging corals even at a low concentration of 1 drop. In Hawaii where more than 10 times the concentration is measured on popular swimming beaches, these swimming beaches have the best coral reefs on the island.

Influence on El Niño and its Coral Reefs When thinking about the El Niño phenomenon, they think strong winds, heavy rains and hot and cold temperatures in the wrong season. However, the El Nino phenomenon has a great influence on humans and their surroundings. El Niño also influenced the ocean. The change that El Niño brings to our weather has brought about a change in seawater temperature. Changes in the oceans affect all forms of organisms in the ocean. It brings changes in fish (affecting movement patterns), changes in the growth of aquatic plants, changes in other parts of the food chain, and most important changes (and even death) to coral reefs. The El Nino phenomenon had a major impact on the coral reefs of the western Pacific. If the El Niño phenomenon occurs, it can cause the tropical water to become extremely warm and cause very low low tides. Too much hot water is harmful to corals and can cause bleaching and coral death. This is very dangerous to the balance of the ecosystem. Coral plays an important role in the life of many organisms. They offer families and nursery schools for nearly one million species of fish and other species. Many of them are foods that we depend on. They are filled with new undiscovered biomedical resources that we just started exploring. They protect the coastal community from storms, wave damage and erosion. Coral reefs attract hundreds of thousands of divers and tourists to the tropical coast every year. These tourists play an important role in the tropical tourism industry. When coral reefs are destroyed, a chain reaction occurs in the food web. This may have a big impact on the future of the ocean. Essay.com/"El Nino and its impact on coral reef "What is El Niño?" How does it affect the ocean? Influence on El Niño and its Coral Reefs When thinking about the El Niño phenomenon, they think strong winds, heavy rains and hot and cold temperatures in the wrong season. However, the El Nino phenomenon has a great influence on humans and their surroundings. El Niño also influenced the ocean. The change that El Niño brings to our weather has brought about a change in seawater temperature. Changes in the oceans affect all forms of organisms in the ocean. - Through the observation of scientists, the global structure of Mars is well documented. But if we do not step on this planet, we only observe what we know. Therefore, the construction problem of the Mars plate is a controversial issue. Scientists are convinced that the center of Mars is not active, which means there is no plate structure; they are not sure that time will never exist. Mars is formed by the material released by the early solar nebula Scientists are trying not to have a serious impact on the El Niño phenomenon as in 1983. Due to poor tools and equipment, there is not even the prediction of the El Niño phenomenon. But when it came, it was the most recorded El Nino phenomenon in the history of the East Pacific. In the El Nino period, 70 to 95% of the corals of Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Galapagos passed away with El Niño's warm water. Many coral reefs are not recovering from the El Niño phenomenon. The El Nino phenomenon is eroded more than 1 inch a year. Essay.com/"El Nino and its impact on coral reef "What is El Niño?" How does it affect the ocean?

Over the years, human pollution has destroyed coral reefs all over the world. But now I think scientists have found a way to save them. In the past, researchers were looking for new ways to control our waste, such as climate change efforts and ocean purification. However, a new paper published by nature believes that more attention should be paid to strengthen coral reefs from pollution. Caroline Palmer, author of the paper, says, "If you want to protect or restore coral reefs, you need to understand the health conditions of the coral - the factors that promote tolerance and how you can promote it." "If you have a strong immune system and energy to support it, the chances of maintaining health and surviving under adverse conditions will increase." Palmer has studied the immune system of coral reefs over the past decade. She studied the immune system of corals and found that corals with a higher immune system are less likely to die or be bleached. "At this moment, I am interested in making corals more resistant by genetic engineering and restoring coral reefs targeting more resilient corals," she said. "I fully support these methods, but I believe that understanding the factors that promote coral health is key to their success." Among the 11,393 articles on coral reef topics searched in the literature, one-eighth of the papers were related to the influence of human activity on coral reefs (Figures 9 and 10). Of course, there should be more factors to influence coral reefs and bring them to death. Indeed, the coral reef crisis around the world is getting worse. In the future coral reefs will face further threats. Figure 11 also shows that marine biologists are more concerned about coral reef crisis than before. This is because more and more scientists are aware of the importance of coral reefs to whole coral reefs. . Protecting coral reef ecosystems may be an effective way to recover most species However, it is still premature to write notes on coral reefs. Their destiny seems awful now, but science is our understanding of coral reefs, how we can save it, the role they play in a wider marine environment, and how human society and its economy I am changing about my great interest. In fact, the complexity and interdependence of these systems and their dependence may be key to coral reef protection. This is the key to our work in our Nature Conservancy. We are seeking necessary support from partners, associations, businesses, and groups of associations that are intertwined with the fate of coral reefs. In these places, solutions will be found at the intersection of conservation and business, finance and science, advanced politics and the community. As part of the global industry, coral reefs have made a great contribution to the world economy. In fact, some countries, like the Caribbean countries, receive revenue primarily from activities centered on coral reefs. Unfortunately, the number of coral reefs has declined recently at an amazing rate. This unprecedented reduction, such as irresponsible destructive fishing methods, contamination from neighboring areas, mining coral mining, excessive erosion from coastal area artifacts, poses a serious threat to coral reef function I am in

Egg fertilized with polyps comes from an external influence which means sperm in the surrounding water. In addition, once the larva is considered "ready", the sperm and ova together form a flat larva which is then pushed out of the mouth by the mother's water jet. Also, many other species breed a large number of eggs, and as a result water containing surrounding sperm ultimately collides with each other. However, it is still premature to write notes on coral reefs. Their destiny seems awful now, but science is an understanding of coral reefs and how they can be rescued, their role in a wider marine environment, and to human society and their economy I am changing about my great interest. In fact, the complexity and interdependence of these systems and their dependence may be key to coral reef protection. This is the key to our work in our Nature Conservancy. We are looking for the support we need from community partners, allies, companies, and agencies that are intertwined with coral reef fates. In these places, we will find a solution at the intersection of conservation and business, finance and science, high politics and the community. As part of the global industry, coral reefs made a great contribution to the world economy. In fact, the annual income of some countries, such as Caribbean countries, is mainly derived from activities centered on coral reefs. Unfortunately, the number of coral reefs has declined recently at an amazing rate. This unprecedented reduction, such as irresponsible destructive fishing methods, contamination from neighboring areas, uncontrolled coral mining, excessive erosion from coastal area artificial structures, poses a serious threat to the function of coral reefs I will In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems.

10/27/04 The last draft of the first paper of Disc Discinary Studies violates the commons tragedy of our environmental right. Though not, these resources are considered infinite. Whenever someone pollutes or uses these kinds of resources, it affects the whole society. A case study on coral reef recovery was conducted on Oahu Island in Hawaii. The University of Hawai'i conducted coral reevaluation and surveillance programs to support relocation and restoration of Hawaiian coral reefs. There are lots of coral reefs in the aisle of the ship from Oahu to the Hawaii Maritime Biological Research Institute in Coconut Island. Many reef spot areas in the waterway are damaged by past dredging. Dredging covers coral with corals. Coral larvae can not settle on the sand; they can only be built on existing coral reefs or compatible hard surfaces like stone or concrete. Therefore, the university decided to relocate some corals. They transplanted them closer to the waterway with the help of the US Army's diver. They hardly observed any damage to the colonies being transported, and coral reef deaths at the transplant site were not observed. Coral reefs are large underwater structures composed of a skeleton of a colonial ocean invertebrate known as coral. Coral seeds forming coral reefs are called harmonic types or "hard" corals because they extract hard calcium carbonate from seawater to form a hard and durable exoskeleton that protects the soft capsules. Other corals not participating in the construction of coral reefs are called 'soft' corals. The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) is a nonprofit environmental conservation organization, a flexible creature that closely resembles plants and trees such as seafans and sea whip.

New research on the devastating effects of sunscreens against coral reefs suggests that it may be necessary to think twice before applying it A report on the adverse environmental effects of certain chemical substances in water has been widespread for many years, but according to a new study published on Tuesday, even a drop of chemicals for sunscreen is sufficient to destroy a fragile coral reef system is. Approximately 14,000 tons of sunscreen lotion per year ends in coral reefs around the world Ingredients oxybenzone leach coral nutrients and make them white. It may also destroy the development of fish and other wildlife. Scientists conducted a new study in the US Virgin Islands, Hawaii, Israel, according to the 2011 report by the World Resources Institute, but coral reefs around the world are in danger. Destructive fisheries, pollution and development pose a threat to coral reefs, but studies have shown that sunscreens pose a serious threat to coral health. "In areas where the protection of islands and coral reefs is an important issue, careful consideration is necessary for products containing oxybenzoes," said Craig Downs, co-author of the Washington Post. "We lost at least 80% of the Caribbean coral reefs," Towns said. "Even with a little effort to reduce oxybenzone contamination it can mean that coral reefs can tolerate long and hot summers or that the devastated areas will recover." The local economy also depends on tourism attracted by coral reefs. As a result, some local companies are beginning to ban the use of harmful sunscreens in their waters. In Akumal, Mexico, known for coral reefs and sea turtles, tourists are warned not to wear sunscreen and are restricted to specific areas to prevent disruption of excessive coral reef life. However, sunscreens for beach users are just a part of it. As sunscreen is always worn, it gets caught in the waterway when it is cleaned, washed away like household detergent harmful chemical substances and enters the sewer. Co-author John Firth told the post: "People took a shower and they forgot to go somewhere." National Florida, Hawaii, US Virgin Islands, and the National Parks Administration of American Samoa recommend using "coral-friendly" sunscreens (sunscreens made of titanium oxide or zinc oxide, these are natural minerals) doing. Please wear clothes and hat to protect your skin. From the sun But there is still controversy about the evidence that sunscreen agents affect coral reefs and whether consumers should rely on 'coral-friendly' consumers. According to Cinzia Corinaldesi, a marine ecologist who has been studying the impact of sunscreens on coral reef since 2003, the problem is that "Oxybenzone is not the only harmful component of sunscreen" unfortunately. Impact of coral fading - ban does not affect preventing these things A report on the adverse environmental effects of certain chemical substances in water has been widespread for many years, but according to a new study published on Tuesday, even a drop of chemicals for sunscreen is sufficient to destroy a fragile coral reef system is. Approximately 14,000 tons of sunscreen lotion is completed each year around the world. The local economy also depends on tourism attracted by coral reefs. As a result, some local companies are beginning to ban the use of harmful sunscreens in their waters. In Akumal, Mexico, known for coral reefs and sea turtles, tourists are warned not to wear sunscreen and are restricted to specific areas to prevent disruption of excessive coral reef life. A review of sunscreen and coral reef related research by the International Coral Reef Research Institute shows that further research is needed. In the report, "Although experiments have been basically done at the site, there is a possibility that the state of coral reefs may not be accurately reflected, and there is a possibility of rapidly dispersing and diluting," ing. The concentration of sunscreen chemicals i

The complex structure of coral reefs is the center of a busy, biodiversity-rich ecosystem. But around the world, algae keeping coral reefs in healthy and colorful condition are being destroyed or killed by rising seawater temperatures and rising levels of carbon dioxide. In Belize, WWF and local nonprofit organizations use coral nurseries to nurture varieties with climate change. And we are planting these new varieties in corrupt coral reefs. In one of the many coral farms operated by Fragments of Hope, the fragments of healthy elk are associated with structures underwater and grow until ready for transplant. When they grow big enough corals are transplanted into marine protected areas - usually dead coral structures - and they can begin to rebuild coral reef ecosystem World Wildlife magazine explores the relationship between animals, humans, and planets. Magazines are issued quarterly by WWF and help you become part of the effort to solve some of the most pressing issues facing nature. Climate change is the world's greatest threat to coral reef ecosystems and scientific evidence clearly shows that the Earth's atmosphere and oceans are warming. Climate change affects coral reef ecosystems through sea level rise, changes in frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones, and changes in ocean circulation patterns. In summary, all these effects dramatically change the function of the ecosystem and the products and services that coral reef ecosystems provide to people all over the world. Our infographic describes the process from sea level rise to ocean acidification. Today's coral reefs are threatened all over the world (ICRI, NOAA, Reefbase). This is not new, but the extent to which coral will die in the world is uneasy. The impact of sustainable climate change, which has a measurable rise in saltwater temperature, directly affects coral reefs as the third global whitening event in 2015/16. This incident led to coral mass deaths (NOAA announced the third global coral bleaching event, ElNiño extended the longest worldwide coral bleaching event) Coral reefs are expected to experience more frequent whitening phenomena between 2012 and 40 years. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) considers this to be the biggest threat to the coral reef system in the world. Coral reefs around the world are losing 19% and the remaining 60% coral reefs are at risk of direct loss. There are several ways to explain the effect of coral bleaching on coral reefs. The first one is the coral covering, the more corals covering the ground, the less the effect of whitening. Second, coral abundance. This is the number of various creatures of coral reefs. The most famous example of marine ecosystems at risk of climate change are coral reefs. Coral reefs are the most diverse ecosystems in the ocean, supporting at least hundreds of thousands. Corals are very susceptible to the effects of climate change due to their narrow physiological limits, close proximity to populated areas, and the threats associated with these issues (Hoegh-Guldberg 2005; Knowlton and Jackson 2008). To prevent dangerous ocean storms, millions of people around the world rely on coral reef fishing and tourism to maintain living and coral structures (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007).

We are currently facing the most unusual coral bleaching in history, but what will happen if all the coral reefs disappear? We lose 50% of the world's corals and we may lose more. If the world loses all coral reefs, the result will be bad. This is a video transcript. In the past 30 years, this planet has lost 50% of its coral. If it remains, the result will be bad. Marine life is the greatest loss. Less than 1% of the ocean floor is covered with coral reefs. However, they provide an important ecosystem for a quarter of marine life. One of the creatures - the sea son is actually an important component of certain anticancer compounds In fact, we predict the possibility of finding new drugs from coral reef ecosystems 300 to 400 times higher than on land ecosystems. But for the first time after they survived the next century In addition to revolutionary medicine, more than 500 million people rely on these coral reefs for food and work. Almost one-fifth of the world's proteins come from seafood and people eat an average of 50 pounds per year. The US fishery supports just 5 million jobs and nearly a quarter of the US meat and poultry industry Without coral reefs, billions of marine creatures will be affected, millions of people will lose their most important food sources and the economy will suffer seriously. Coral reefs attract visitors to more than 100 countries and regions around the world. These tourists spend billions of dollars to jump into underwater landscapes Without these appeals, the economist estimated that coastal tourism will decline by more than 9%, which is about $ 36 billion. These coral reefs also protect coastal lines that rely on tourists. They offset 97% of the strength of the waves and function as a natural barrier while protecting over 200 million people. Construction of the revetment for the same protective measures requires 2.5 million dollars per mile. Today, however, humans endanger all of these things. Rising seawater temperatures and pollution press the coral and corals can destroy coral ecosystems in just a few months. One of the main reasons that coral reefs should not be protected is cost. Protecting coral reefs and providing a more healthy environment for coral reefs can be very expensive. Many things happen to provide a healthy environment for coral reefs. First, greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, need to be drastically reduced in the atmosphere and in the water. To do that, we need to make many changes, such as very expensive alternative fuels. Second, the coral seawater temperature must return to its normal range again. Finally, pollution and waste that is currently being dumped into the water must be handled differently than corals. Completing these three things can be very expensive. In addition to cost it is almost impossible to stop everything that affects coral reefs. We are currently facing the most unusual coral bleaching in history, but what will happen if all the coral reefs disappear? We lose 50% of the world's corals and we may lose more. If the world loses all coral reefs, the result will be bad. This is a video transcript. As part of the global industry, coral reefs have made a great contribution to the world economy. In fact, some countries, like the Caribbean countries, receive revenue primarily from activities centered on coral reefs. Unfortunately, the number of coral reefs has declined recently at an amazing rate. This unprecedented reduction, such as irresponsible destructive fishing methods, contamination from neighboring areas, mining coral mining, excessive erosion from coastal area artifacts, poses a serious threat to coral reef function I am in Coral reefs around the world are very bad shape. Most of coral reef damage is related to the overfishing of herbivorous fish such as parrots and gladiolus so the algae overwhelm the coral. Other problems include nutrient contamination, global warming, acidification and so on.

Calculating only the economic value of fishing, tourism and coastline protection, the cost to destroy 1 km of coral reefs is between $ 137,000 and $ 1,200,000 in 25 years. Properly managed coral reefs produce an average of 15 tons of fish and other seafood per square kilometer per year. While there are 9 Phylas in the tropical rainforest, 34 recognized animals, Phyla 32 are found in coral reefs. Coral reefs account for less than a quarter of the marine environment, accounting for over 25% of all known marine fish. Between 1876 and 1979, only three bleaching cases were recorded, compared to 60 records between 1980 and 1993, more than 400 records were recorded in 2002. 27% of the world's coral reefs have been lost. If the current damage rate continues, 60% of the world's coral reefs will be destroyed in the next 30 years. Within 60 kilometers of coral reefs, more than 450 million people live, most of whom receive direct or indirect food and income. Southeast Asia is considered to be the world center of marine diversity. Over 100,000 square kilometers of coral reefs (34% of the world's total) are home to more than 600 coral reefs of 800 world reefs. In Indonesia and the Philippines there are 77% of coral reefs in Southeast Asia and nearly 80% of endangered species coral reefs. Unfortunately, corals are decreasing seriously. According to the conservation organization of the World Wildlife Protection Organization (WWF), two thirds of the world's coral reefs are being threatened seriously, and a quarter of coral reefs are considered irreparable. There may be hope as a new technology that provides opportunities to revitalize coral reefs at an astounding rate. Approximately 94% of Indonesian coral reefs were seriously damaged at the 2000 International Coral Reef Symposium. These include the Pemuteran Gulf where coral reefs that were once thriving were essentially barren. As a result, Biorock technology can recover coral reefs in more than 10 years. As part of the global industry, coral reefs have made a great contribution to the world economy. In fact, some countries, like the Caribbean countries, receive revenue primarily from activities centered on coral reefs. Unfortunately, the number of coral reefs has declined recently at an amazing rate. This unprecedented reduction, such as irresponsible destructive fishing methods, contamination from neighboring areas, mining coral mining, excessive erosion from coastal area artifacts, poses a serious threat to coral reef function I am in People do not know how important coral reefs are. Approximately one quarter of marine organisms rely on coral reefs, and about 1 billion people depend on coral reefs for food and income. So, they are very important, and people did not rotate completely about the results of potentially losing coral reefs. Through 50 coral reef projects, I am looking for coral reefs that are hard to be affected by climate change. We now lose most of the remaining coral reefs. This is given. About 10% of reefs can be saved. Therefore, what we need to do is to identify coral reefs most unlikely to be affected by climate change, protect them from local influences and strengthen protection of these critical areas as catalysts for all coral reef protection It is to do.

Coral reefs are known for colorful and wonderful attractions, including exotic flora and fauna. They are the basis of a quarter of marine life and are said to be important support for human life. Coral reef ecosystems are collections of diverse species (from microscopic to those exceeding the size of life) that interact and interact with their physical environment. If some coral reefs are damaged or removed, the entire community may be seriously affected and even collapsed. Although destruction of most coral reefs is due to human activities, natural disturbances can cause extensive damage to coral reefs. Strong waves caused by storms and hurricanes can rush into coral reefs, destroy large corals and cause gravel. This storm also indirectly harm coral reefs by disturbing habitats near the coast, causing large sediments and freshwater to come into contact with coral reefs. These confusions opened up space for the colonization of new organisms and protected the entire biodiversity. Coral reefs have also been destroyed for industrialization. Destructive coral reef damage is mainly caused by erosion caused by logging and silt caused by mining waste. Because destructive fishing activities such as fishing and Muroami fishing provide "immediate capture" of fish, coral remains as it is. Cyanide is often used by tropical fisher collectors to meet the needs of world markets. After application of sodium cyanide, hard corals and soft corals die within 3 months Human interaction has a major impact on the survival of coral reefs. Over the past half century, humans have destroyed more than 35 million acres of coral reefs. As this damage rate continues, 70% of the world's corals will be killed during our lifetime. Since so many people rely on coral reefs to survive, trying to stop coral reef destruction is a top priority. This is done through many elements that require perfect harmony to prosper coral reefs. Human beings posed many threats to corals, sedimentation, fishery, coral collection, water pollution, and inadvertent entertainment all destroy coral reefs. As part of the global industry, coral reefs made a great contribution to the world economy. In fact, the annual income of some countries, such as Caribbean countries, is mainly derived from activities centered on coral reefs. Unfortunately, the number of coral reefs has declined recently at an amazing rate. This unprecedented reduction, such as irresponsible destructive fishing methods, contamination from neighboring areas, uncontrolled coral mining, excessive erosion from coastal area artifacts, is a serious threat to coral reef function I will.

Coral Delta's climate change has already had a major impact on coastal ecosystems through global warming, acidification, sea level rise, etc. Coral reef delta reefs have experienced massive large coral bleaching and death as the temperature continues to soar The annual highest temperature of the ocean around the coastal area of ​​Coral delta is fairly high (0.09 - 0.112 ° C every 10 years) and is expected to rise 1 - 4 ° C by the end of this century. As the intensity and frequency of these events continue to increase, these wonderful coral reef systems disappear. Climate change is also threatening the coastal mangrove in the coral delta. This is very sensitive to sea level rise. Many other changes are destroying important ecosystems in coastal areas The pressure caused by climate change is also amplifying the impact of regional pressure and accelerating the deterioration of coastal ecosystems. Coastal ecosystems are under great pressure from regional and global factors, but many ecologically resilient areas are most likely to overcome future challenges. Coupled with rapid growth and recovery, high levels of biodiversity put many coral triple ecosystems in favorable positions to cope with climate change In some areas of the coral delta, the rate of change in seawater temperature and acidity may be inherently slow. This represents a potential shelter in a rapidly changing world. In 2016, the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration exceeded 400 ppm. In order for the Coral Delta countries to achieve the coastal ecosystem conservation and coastal region prosperity targets of Coral Delta it is absolutely essential to stabilize atmospheric carbon dioxide below 450 ppm. However, climate change in the ecosystem of the coral delta is inevitable due to the effects of delays in coastal and marine systems and associated terrestrial habitats. Climate change causes sea level rise and has a major impact on coral reef ecosystem. Coral reef ecosystems grow at specific temperatures and sea levels ("the impact of climate on ecosystems | impact of climate change | US EPA"). They coexist with photosynthetic brown worms algae. Zooxanthella requires sun to produce the necessary nutrients for corals. Sea level rise will reduce the amount of solar radiation on the sea surface, weaken the ability of photosynthetic poultry algae to synthesize coral nutrients and sudden exposure of coral reefs to the atmosphere may cause coral bleaching. US Environmental Protection Agency ") Climate change is the world's greatest threat to coral reef ecosystems and scientific evidence clearly shows that the Earth's atmosphere and oceans are warming. Climate change affects coral reef ecosystems through sea level rise, changes in frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones, and changes in ocean circulation patterns. In summary, all these effects dramatically change the function of the ecosystem and the products and services that coral reef ecosystems provide to people all over the world. Our infographic describes the process from sea level rise to ocean acidification. Today's coral reefs are threatened all over the world (ICRI, NOAA, Reefbase). This is not new, but the extent to which coral will die in the world is uneasy. The impact of sustainable climate change, which has a measurable rise in saltwater temperature, directly affects coral reefs as the third global whitening event in 2015/16. This incident led to coral mass deaths (NOAA announced the third global coral bleaching event, ElNiño extended the longest worldwide coral bleaching event)

A sunscreen ranging from 6,000 to 14,000 tons a year brings swimmers, divers and divers to the coral reef environment. Contamination of more sunscreen may reach coastal areas through drainage. As many as 10% of the world's coral reefs are threatened with certain chemicals contained in most sunscreens. Four common sunscreen ingredients have been shown to kill corals and bleach at very low concentrations (up to 1 drop in 5 Olympic size pools). Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3, BP-3) - A sunscreen component that destroys coral propagation, fades coral and damages coral DNA. Oxybenzone is contained in over 3,500 sunscreen products worldwide. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4MBC) - sunscreen ingredients have been shown to cause fading of corals. It is permitted in Europe and Canada, but it is not permitted in the USA or Japan Haereticus Environmental Laboratory is investigating the effects of sunscreen and other personal care ingredients on sunscreen and other ecosystems and wildlife. The list of ingredients they consider to be environmental pollutants include: Global warming, pollution, and other human activities are an even greater threat to the survival of coral reefs. To swim, diving, snorkeling near coral reefs, you need to use sunscreens that are friendly to coral reefs or safe for coral reefs. How do you know if sunscreen is safe for coral reefs? We display active ingredients and ineffective ingredients on sunscreen labels. Do not use sunscreen containing oxybenzone or other ingredients as above proved to harm corals. We recommend that National Park Service, PADI (Underwater Instructor of Professional Association), and many ecotourism operators (including Mexican Coral Reef Park) avoid sunscreens by oxybenzone and use mineral based sunscreen . Protect coral reefs Alternatively, the Reef Friendly statement on sunscreen labels is not regulated and may not be meaningful. You really have to look at ingredients and judge for yourself. Please use a waterproof sunscreen which is easy to stay in the skin and water. Waterproof requirements are regulated by the FDA. Learn more about waterproof sunscreen Use a biodegradable sunscreen to ensure that the product is degraded in the marine environment. Since this statement is under regulation it may be necessary to contact the company to confirm its claim. Biodegradable sunscreen details Please use common sense before reaching the sun block. Cover yourself with a hat and shirt (or a rash shield in the water) and look for awnings at the peak The badger's sunscreen does not contain ingredients that may be harmful to the coral. Most things are water resistant. The only active ingredient in each of our sunscreens is mineral zinc oxide. It has been used for skin care for thousands of years, and it is the same ingredient used for diaper cream, calamine lotion and toothpaste. Unlike oxybenzone and other sunscreen ingredients, there is no evidence that zinc oxide can harm corals. It is a powder mineral that is not soluble in sea water but is a part of the sediment at the bottom of the ocean. Learn more about zinc oxide Our inactive ingredients (77-88%) for waterproof sunscreen are USDA organic vegetable oils, beeswax, and vitamin E. They are biodegradable and safe for all environments or ecosystems. But there is still controversy about the evidence that sunscreen agents affect coral reefs and whether consumers should rely on 'coral-friendly' consumers. According to Cinzia Corinaldesi, a marine ecologist who has been studying the impact of sunscreens on coral reef since 2003, the problem is that "Oxybenzone is not the only harmful component of sunscreen" unfortunately. Impact of coral fading - ban does not affect preventing these things Global warming, pollution, and other human activities are an even greater threat to the survival of coral reefs. To swim, diving, snorkeling near coral reefs, you need to use sunscreens that are friendly to coral reefs or safe for

Coral's soul Coral is flying under American popular music radar. There are fewer marketing than jets like rock bands and strokes in Australia, corals may not be known more than The Shins. Level But corals do not have to worry. Those who know them, and those who want to spread the word (although it is nice to find the band is a secret jewel). I discovered corals for the first time about a year ago - I saw them spend the night with Conan O'Brien, their CD is ten dollars. What is coral? Coral is a hard or soft creature. Coral reefs we see in the ocean are formed by far coral colonies, sea anemones, and distant relatives of sea otters. When coral extracts calcium from seawater and converts it to an external limestone shelter, hard corals are produced. Other coral polyps convert calcium to internal bone and make soft corals. When many coral reefs gather to create a larger house, we call it a coral reef. All corals are called polyps. Polyps exist on the exoskeleton of their ancestral calcium carbonate and add their own exoskeleton to existing coral structures. Centuries later, coral reefs have grown as one small exoskeleton until becoming a feature of the marine environment. From the Aleutian Islands on the Alaska Coast to the warm tropical waters of the Caribbean Sea, you can see corals all over the world. The largest coral reefs are in the clear shallows, tropical and subtropical. The largest of these coral reef systems is Australia's Great Barrier Reef, with a total length of over 1,500 miles (2,400 km). Coral reefs are large underwater structures composed of a skeleton of a colonial ocean invertebrate known as coral. Coral seeds forming coral reefs are called harmonic types or "hard" corals because they extract hard calcium carbonate from seawater to form a hard and durable exoskeleton that protects the soft capsules. Other corals not participating in the construction of coral reefs are called 'soft' corals. The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) is a nonprofit environmental conservation organization, a flexible creature that closely resembles plants and trees such as seafans and sea whip. In general, corals are classified as hard corals or soft corals. Hard coral continues to increase the non-biological rigid support structure of coral reefs. Soft corals are soft and can be bent, they look like plants. Together, these creatures constitute visually surprising and biologically important habitats for many marine life, from small fish to large top predators like sharks. Losing prosperous coral reefs can bring not only a lot of their inhabitants, but also real results. In addition to being a basic habitat for fish, coral reefs can also be measured for people living on land. They can basically function as mountain ranges on the coastline of the ocean, so otherwise we can divert the energy of barbaric storms that may destroy coastal communities. In fact, in areas affected by the tsunami, coral reef areas are far better than areas without coral reefs.

When thinking about the Gulf of Mexico, what you first think is not coral reefs. You do not even even think it is the place to surf. When you ask the surfer what you think of coral reefs, they may say something that interferes with me while surfing. Regardless of size, coral reefs have grown for thousands of years. The accumulation of limestone and calcite has paved the way for the magnificent architecture (science) that many marine animals are supposed to live in. Coral reefs are ocean communities that inhabit hundreds of different marine organisms (Moran). Aquatic organisms always adhere to the bottom of the oil platform and convert them to artificial coral reefs. In the Gulf of Mexico and off the coast of California, water around the oil platform is a popular destination for sports and commercial fishers as there are numerous fish near the platform. In the United States and Brunei Darussalam, there is a proactive Rig - to - Reefs program where primitive oil platforms remain at sea as permanent artificial reefs, both in situ and in new places. As of September 2012, the Gulf of Mexico in the United States has 420 old oil platforms, accounting for about 10% of the discontinued platform. These are transformed into permanent coral reefs. Lionfish continues to grow at an astonishing rate, damaging the natural coral reef ecosystems of the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Biologists suspect that the number of Minocassado populations has not peaked yet in the Gulf of Mexico. This means that demand for local food will continue to increase. Recent studies also indicate that Minocassago can tolerate coastal areas of seawater so mangroves and estuary habitats may also be at risk of invasion. The adult Minokashago mainly eats fish, and there are few carnivores outside the hometown. Researchers have discovered that minor caterpillars in coral reefs can reduce the catch of native coral reef up to 79%. Because Minnowsago feeds prey, goblin and other prey that are commonly eaten by commerically important native species, the possibility of adversely affecting the happiness of valuable commercial and entertainment fisheries Yes.

Learn why coral reefs are so special and why it is so important in Life Noggin's short animated video We are currently facing the most unusual coral bleaching in history, but what will happen if all the coral reefs disappear? We lose 50% of the world's corals and we may lose more. If the world loses all coral reefs, the result will be bad. This is a video transcript. In the past three years, one fifth of the world's coral reefs died. Some experts believe that the number of corals in the ocean is only half as much as 40 years ago. Since 2015, one-third of coral reefs in the northern Great Barrier Reef have lost more than a third. Corals are animals, not rocks or plants. These are made up of thousands of small invertebrates called polyps, which range from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Because that coral reef supports the entire marine ecosystem, its decline is a big problem. What on earth is going on? It is already happening. In recent years, large coral reefs all over the world have been whitened and two thirds of Australia's Great Barrier Reef are affected by coral whitening. Seaweed grasslands, seaweed beds, mangroves are the most productive habitat on the planet and store large amounts of carbon - but they are also most threatened. The most serious mangrove deaths recorded in 2015 and 2016 occurred near the coast of Australia. Approximately 700 species of marine organisms have been found in plastics, from the microscopic plankton to the whale, more seeds ingest it, digest food, maintain physical condition, give birth to healthy young people I will impair. Sustained organic pollutants were found 10 km away from the Mariana Trench and were ingested by living organisms there.

Restoration of coral reefs is usually studied under the most favorable environmental conditions, and this provision does not necessarily reflect the situation in this field. In the two years of research (2005 - 2007), the concept of "coral reef gardening" restoration (including nursery bed and transplant stage) was used in a region of Bolinao, Philippines under severe human stress. The area has also experienced severe weather conditions including a strong season of the southwest monsoon and three random environmental events. (1) typhoon 4 attacks the Borneo lagoon (May 2006), (2) heavy rain (August 2006) freshwater leakage, subsequent salt concentration reduction, effects on the transplanted colony, (3) ) Bleaching phenomena due to seawater warming (June 2007), severe nurseries and impact on transplanted corals. In this research, we analyze the impact of these natural disasters on recovery work and explain the success and failure of recently used repair tools. (1) Deep and flexible construction and prioritization of mature species / genotypes should be considered in the nursery stage; (2) consideration of transplant behavior, location / species review, timing and selection of specific locations It should be. Take an account. Restoration of management to accommodate large seedbeds and large-scale transplants and changing environments can prevent widespread coral reef degradation by a combination of ongoing humans and worsening global changes. Dr. Dirk Petersen, executive director and founder of SECORE, says: "However, the results often lack short-lived, comprehensive concepts.In addition, the true ability of coral restoration has not been exhausted. Through our joint global coral restoration project, our goal is to change this "The first stage will focus on the Caribbean. Scientists from the three major partner organizations gather a deep knowledge of the breeding of coral coral corals and coral repair and protection methods and use various tools to perform coral repair on large coral reefs I am planning that. Restoration of coral reefs is usually studied under the most favorable environmental conditions, and this provision does not necessarily reflect the situation in this field. In the two years of research (2005 - 2007), the concept of "coral reef gardening" restoration (including nursery bed and transplant stage) was used in a region of Bolinao, Philippines under severe human stress. The area has also experienced severe weather conditions including a strong season of the southwest monsoon and three random environmental events. (1) Typhoon 4 attacks the Borneo lagoon (May 2006), (2) heavy rain (August 2006) freshwater leakage, subsequent salinity reduction, impact on transplant colonies, (3) seawater Bleaching phenomenon due to global warming (June 2007), severely damaged seedbeds, transplanted corals People who want to experience diving at natural coral reefs need to positively portize corals to degraded coral reefs in order to offset the influence of diving. In Florida, the Coral Revitalization Foundation sets standards for how to restore coral reefs through ecotourism. PADI is the world's largest diving certification program and recently launched the Coral Remediation Diving program. However, many older school coral researchers like Terry Hughes (Professor and ARC Director) are opposed to this innovative intervention. Pierce your finger. Instead, he said that the only viable solution to reduce global carbon dioxide emissions through political action (like Ove-Guldberg in 2006) is to protect corals.

Coral reefs around the world suffer from climate change As the oceans are warming and acidifying, our beloved coral prospects are not optimistic. However, researchers in New Caledonia made important discoveries. The team at Sydney Institute of Technology (UTS) is trying to find limiting habitats and find coral resilient hotspots. What they found was the community of diverse coral reefs "Super Coral" that grew under hot, acidic and hypoxic conditions, predicting the future of our ocean. This expedition took place in the remote lagoon system of Bouquet New Caledonia in 2016 and showed that there may be a way to survive adapting to corals. This discovery is a joint project between Sydney Institute of Technology Sydney and the International Development Institute (NY), recently announced in a scientific report. "The existence of living corals under this normally deadly triple condition is comparable and even exceeds what is predicted by climate change.It is that we have some new corals that can stick to the future Giving hope ", Dr. Camp says the climate member will change the cluster of Sydney Institute of Technology (C3) They discovered that coral crowds in the lagoon system show high abundance (number of seed = 20) and coverage (24-35% of lagoon sites). The calcification rates of major species of the lagoon population (Acropora formosa, Acropora pulchra, Coelastrea aspera, Porites lutea) are almost the same or nearly declining. 30 to 40% The promotion of coral respiration and the high particulate organic content in the lagoon sediment indicate adaptation to these three temperature, oxygen and pH changes due to heterotrophic plasticity. This means that the corals lose some photosynthetic algae during the bleaching process and still get nutrients from the food. This semi-enclosed lagoon understands the adaptability of corals to complex climate scenarios and provides the team with a unique opportunity system to function as a coral population that endured extreme environmental conditions. Tropical lagoons and coral reefs in New Caledonia are excellent examples of very diverse coral reef ecosystems and are one of the three most extensive coral reef systems in the world. They are the world's most diverse collection of coral reefs, ranging from mangroves to seaweed and a range of coral reef habitat continuous habitats with diverse coral and fish species, leading to important oceanic gradients. They are still showing the perfect ecosystem with a healthy highest predator population and large and diverse big fish species. From coral reefs of different ages, from living coral reefs to ancient fossil reefs, they have unique natural beauty and are providing important sources of information on Oceania's natural history. Standard (vii): The most advanced natural phenomena or natural beauty: New Caledonia's tropical lagoons and coral reefs are considered one of the most beautiful coral reef systems in the world, due to the relatively small areas. Various shapes and shapes. It extends from a wide range of double barrier systems, from offshore coral reefs and coral islands to reticulated coral reefs on the west coast. The richness and diversity of the landscape and coastal background gives a unique aesthetic appeal of superior quality. This beauty continues beneath the surface, coral diversity, huge coral structure, coral reef arch, dramatic display of caves, and even under big cracks. In contrast to the brilliant rainbow color of the growing coral, the coral death caused by a process called bleaching tends to look dull and unlikely. Bleached coral reefs usually appear as unlimited white corals, eventually becoming dead brown corals. But in New Caledonia, Vevers discovered something else. The corals that he captured were illuminated by fluorescence as they slowly and reliably left them. The crew used this underwater SVX camera system to capture this moment - this technology can take 360 ​​degree images underwater. "In t

Paper: When manufacturing artificial coral reefs, many people only see garbage entering the sea, but making coral reefs will bring good benefits. Probably the most obvious advantage of artificial coral reefs is the creation of a new community for aquatic life. It's like a developer going out to the sea and doing a new segmentation for fish there. Creating artificial coral reefs is the most natural way to protect marine habitats by providing evacuation centers, food sources, and areas where many organisms mating and breeding. Artificial Reef lecture explained the reasons for using artificial reefs, how they were created and arranged, and how to store and maintain them. There are several reasons to use artificial coral reefs. First, it provides a second chance to the coral. Corals may fluctuate, fragments such as predation and human disturbance are crushed finely. By fixing these debris to artificial coral reefs, they will be lifted from the choking sand and gain the opportunity to grow and prosper. Second, artificial coral reefs support natural coral reefs by reducing stress. The main stress source of natural coral reefs is due to human exposure and interference. There are a lot of tourists visiting the coral reef of Koh Tao and it can damage corals. Fortunately, artificial coral reefs offer visitors a new type of diving spot. Artificial coral reefs are not only rich in life but also art. Others include fascinating underwater waves, even past and present protector's faces Expecting the construction of a new surf area, artificial coral reef called chevron reef was built in El Segundo, California. However, coral reefs were not able to produce massive waves and were removed in 2008. In Kovalam, Southwest India, artificial coral reefs have succeeded in providing quality community with high quality left-handed people, stable coastal soil erosion, and good habitat. Marine Organism ASR Ltd., based in New Zealand, has constructed Kovalan Leaf and is working on another coral reef in Boscom, England. Coral reefs protect the coastline by absorbing the energy of the waves, and there are not many islands without coral reefs. Coral reefs can reduce wave energy by 97%. Coral reefs are better than artificial structures (such as breakwaters) that weaken waves or are designed for coastal defense. It is estimated that 197 million people living below 10 meters above sea level and below 50 kilometers below coral reefs will benefit from reduced risk of coral reefs. Coral reef restoration is far cheaper than constructing an artificial breakwater in a tropical environment. The expected loss due to floods will be doubled, and damage due to frequent storms will be tripled if there is no top coral reef. In the absence of maximum water level, the flood loss will increase by 91% to $ 272 billion in the case of a 100 year storm.

If there are new products on the market, regardless of their source or manufacturing method, people purchase it every day and use it, "I like it, so I can not live without it." Use it accidentally, buy it again without saving it, but if the product disappears, there is nothing else. Suddenly, everything becomes difficult and looks difficult. There is the only solution that can solve the problem and let people know what people are doing in this world. I studied coral reef protection at the graduate school. At the time, coral decline was a new phenomenon, no one thought that coral reefs will be extinct in the coming decades. Most of the Florida coral reefs are given the status of state parks and national marine protected areas, but in recent years they are rapidly dead and you can see almost it happens. Rather than reducing carbon emissions, develop strategies to cope with the effects of climate such as sea level rise, erosion, floods, seawater invasion, the occurrence of insect-borne diseases, extreme heat, and head to Florida sandy beaches I filled it. As everyone knows, Scott prohibits state employees from using the term climate change. This is irresponsible everywhere, but at the forefront of the climate war like Florida, it is at the boundary of crime. Hurricane Matthew is an ugly example of what happens when a climate denial and extreme weather collide. In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems. Many coral reef conservation projects are underway, but none of them have a true global perspective to deal with the coral reef crisis, which is growing big. 50 The coral reef initiative is aimed at strengthening existing coral reef protection efforts by quickly promoting new targeted actions and investments in high-priority coral reefs of current funding deficits. 50 The basis of the coral reef project is to identify coral reefs most unlikely to be affected by climate change. These coral reefs are most likely to replenish other coral reefs over time. Currently 50 coral reef expansion science teams are identifying this preferential coral reef list and are due to be announced later this year.

In southeastern Florida, coral reefs are suffering from coastal runoff in regional development areas near Florida. Florida is a temperate climate, it is also a popular destination, so it is contaminated by sightseeing as well. When fishing near these areas, many species around coral reefs are removed and many fishing methods can damage coral reefs. However, Florida prohibits the removal of marine organisms and corals in order to prevent people from harming habitats. In Florida Keys, coastal runoff and pollution have problems for development and tourism. In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems. Coral reefs are generally classified into four categories: coral reefs, reefs, coral reefs, plaque reefs, atolls. Coral reefs are the most common coral reefs growing near the coastline. Barrier Coral Reef is different from Edge Coral Reef in that it is separated from the coastline by deeper and wider lagoons. Plaque reefs usually grow between islands or shelf lags and barrier reefs. The coral circle forming the atoll forms a protected lagoon in the middle of the ocean, usually around the island that sinks into the sea. Coral reefs are formed when coral grows in shallow water near the coast of continents or small islands. Most of coral reefs are known as the surrounding coral reefs because they surround the coastline of the nearby land. However, there are some interesting things that happen when coral reefs grow around volcanic islands. For millions of years, as coral continues to grow, volcano gradually sinks towards the outside toward the outside, gradually heading up towards the surface. Over time, lagoons are formed between coral reefs and sinking islands, and coral reefs are formed around the lagoon. Eventually, the volcano was completely submerged and only the coral circle remained. This is called an atoll. The waves may form part of the land by stacking sand and coral debris on the coral that is eventually growing at the atoll. Many of the Marshall Islands are Pacific island systems and home of the Marshall Islands.

Coral Reef Most people have heard that most people have seen coral reefs, but I know what these coral reefs are. Today's brief introduction Coral reef and coral reef coral reef definition The coral reef shape can be found to increase the influence of coral reef types on coral reefs. What is the coral reef's rich coral reef future? In 1998, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) to protect and protect coral reefs. CRTF is responsible for mapping and monitoring coral reefs in the United States, investigating the causes of coral reef degradation, including contamination and overfishing, finding solutions to these problems, promoting conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs. As a key member of the CRTF and in accordance with the 2000 Coral Reef Protection Act, NOAA is responsible for protecting coral reef ecosystems. The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) is a US-based nonprofit organization whose mission is to unite the community to protect coral reefs. Coral reefs protect our most precious and threatened ecosystem coral reefs, from fishermen to government leaders, divers to scientists, Californian people, Fijian people, around the world . For around the world, for recreational purposes in the tourism industry, animals are gathered from the wilderness and are breeding in captivity. More than 3000 elephants are currently imprisoned in Asia for interesting tourists. Most of them live in a state of serious shortage. The World Animal Protection Organization is committed to ending the suffering of such animals. As part of the global industry, coral reefs made a great contribution to the world economy. In fact, the annual income of some countries, such as Caribbean countries, is mainly derived from activities centered on coral reefs. Unfortunately, the number of coral reefs has declined recently at an amazing rate. This unprecedented reduction, such as irresponsible destructive fishing methods, contamination from neighboring areas, uncontrolled coral mining, excessive erosion from coastal area artifacts, is a serious threat to coral reef function I will.

In the past three years, one fifth of the world's coral reefs died. Some experts believe that the number of corals in the ocean is only half as much as 40 years ago. Since 2015, one-third of coral reefs in the northern Great Barrier Reef have lost more than a third. Corals are animals, not rocks or plants. These are made up of thousands of small invertebrates called polyps, which range from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Because that coral reef supports the entire marine ecosystem, its decline is a big problem. What on earth is going on? Garbage is a problem. Shards block the sun and sharp debris can cut coral tissue. Plastic waste often collects and spreads harmful bacteria. According to a study published in the January issue of Science magazine, nine out of ten corals contain plastics showing signs of illness. Mud that smothers corals from the coastline. Overfishing is another problem as removing fish from the food chain can spread large meat algae. And it grows and extrudes coral. These algae will thrive with the nutrients contained in the drainage water of sewage and agricultural land. These pollutants also kill coral larvae while swimming and bring bacteria to find permanent villages. However, the biggest cause of coral reef reduction is water temperature rise. Heat seems to make it more vulnerable to viruses. More importantly, global warming can disrupt the symbiotic relationship between coral and its main food, microalgae present inside and inside the organization. In warm water, microalgae overproduce sugar and toxins. This will cause the coral to vomit. However, since polyps need these microalgae to survive, they will be white without them, a process called bleaching. Then they will die soon. Furthermore, if carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere, the acidity of the sea water also increases, so it becomes difficult for coral to generate calcium carbonate necessary for its skeleton structure. Coral reefs restrict coastline erosion, reduce the destructive power of storms, provide food and shelter to marine life, and provide food for millions of people. Therefore complete collapse of coral reef ecosystem will be very serious. Various solutions have been proposed. One is to cool coral reefs using large floating shades. Another suggestion is to draw cooler water from the depth of the nearby ocean. Many laboratories are beginning to selectively propagate corals to produce harder varieties. Others are trying to use genetic engineering for the same purpose. Some experts are worried that this kind of interference, corals produced by heat resistance may have other problems such as viral susceptibility. However, the opposite of this breeding has declined. Coral needs all the help it can get Corals are on the verge of extinction all over the world. The reason is complicated, but as the sea keeps warming, the number of dead is accelerating. In warm water, corals are "sticking out" from small symbiotic algae called animal brown algae who are stressed, usually in coral tissues and produce life energy for the host. Zooxanthellae gives corals vivid colors, so when they are removed it is equivalent to losing chlorophyll: the lower color is shining. In the case of coral, this color is white. This is called coral bleaching. Coral reefs are dying around the world. In particular, spills, pollution, overfishing, explosive catch, disease, invasive species, human abuse, coral mining, canal excavation and access to islands and bays are regional threats to coral ecosystems. The broader threats are sea temperature rise, sea level rise, and ocean acidification. All of these are related to greenhouse gas emissions. Other threats include the role of the ocean as a source of carbon dioxide absorption, atmospheric changes, ultraviolet light, ocean acidification, viruses, sandstorms carrying substances to distant reefs, and algae growth I will. The sea of ​​our world is in serious trouble. Marine life is drastically

Coral decline: The underlying mechanism and adaptive coral reefs observed are the most biologically diverse marine ecosystems. Spreading corals are promoting this diversity, which is an absolute symbiosis symbiosis between coral animals and symbiotic algae algae. These algae are often referred to as algae algae. This symbiosis between heterotrophic hosts and photosynthetic symbiosis makes it possible for corals to flourish in low-nutritious seas, deposit calcium carbonate and build coral reefs (Toller et al. Bleaching is presumed to be an adaptive mechanism that makes it possible to replenish corals with different kinds of Susanthoellae and perhaps gives greater resistance. Different kinds of zooxantheae exist between and within different kinds of coral hosts, and various algae species show various physiological responses to exposure to temperature and irradiance. The relationship between coral and algae can adapt to coral life in various ways. This adaptation may be genetic or phenotypic Odyssey Expeditions Tropical Marine Biology Participates in Ocean Living Resources Odyssey Expedition Navigation Tropical Marine Biology Cruises brings a lifelong educational experience Coral decline: The underlying mechanism and adaptive coral reefs observed are the most biologically diverse marine ecosystems. Spreading corals are promoting this diversity, which is an absolute symbiosis symbiosis between coral animals and symbiotic algae algae. These algae are often referred to as algae algae. - All predators have different skills and help them everyday. Which skill makes them predators? Most animals have certain skills to adapt. Because they have different skills. One example is white tiger. Because they are big animals, they can help them hide in the tundra they live in, their coats are white rather than oranges. Hawks also have this adaptability. Bleaching, if the temperature is too high, corals will cause symbiotic algae to be emitted, called zooxanthellae. There is no colored alga that produces nutrients using photosynthesis for themselves and the host. And the corals turn white and bleach. If water rapidly cools, the algae will come back; if bleaching continues, the coral will die. Coral reefs are ecosystems that support more than one million marine life. An estimated 500 million people worldwide rely on coral reefs to maintain fishing and tourism livelihoods. If the water temperature is high, corals may fade. If the water temperature is too high, the coral will release algae (animal brown algae) inhabiting the tissue and make the coral white. This is called coral fading. It did not disappear even when coral bleached. Although corals can survive the whitening phenomenon, they die under greater stress. In 2005, due to a massive whitening accident, the United States lost half of the Caribbean coral reefs within a year. Warm water centered around the Virgin Islands and the Antilles near Puerto Rico extends south. Comparing the satellite data over the past 20 years, it was confirmed that the thermal stress of the event of 2005 was larger than the sum of the past 20 years.

This is a prosperous and prosperous coral reef near the Ilot Mbe Kouen of the Great Barrier Reef in New Caledonia. It is an ultra high density coral chunk which consists mainly of several plants of the genus Acropora. At the low tide, the tip of the coral branch comes out of the water. We will not explore it to the middle of the year. We carefully sometimes swam through the bushes, sometimes deep in the abdomen, I am glad to find small pockets around here, the water is deeper and often filled with other kinds of corals Other types of corals can also prevent you from filling these areas. Corals fight for their territory, but this is a very slow fight, unless you are swimming in the night with a powerful magnifying glass here, you can not witness it. I worked hard to capture the feelings of discovery and brought happiness to me in these shining coral pools. The only thing I can compare is the smile of looking at the small scenery in the spring looking at the easter egg of sugar. I shot a lot of these coral Easter eggs from spherical images from various angles from the end of the bushes to the center of the pool, but I could not fully capture my feelings. This is the closest, I think you can see the joy and beauty like me. If you really want to experience this pleasure like me, then please have a look. To learn how to do this, download a copy of New Caledonia Cruise Guide or New Caledonia Rocket Travel Guide. Tropical lagoons and coral reefs in New Caledonia are excellent examples of very diverse coral reef ecosystems and are one of the three most extensive coral reef systems in the world. They are the world's most diverse collection of coral reefs, ranging from mangroves to seaweed and a range of coral reef habitat continuous habitats with diverse coral and fish species, leading to important oceanic gradients. They are still showing the perfect ecosystem with a healthy highest predator population and large and diverse big fish species. From coral reefs of different ages, from living coral reefs to ancient fossil reefs, they have unique natural beauty and are providing important sources of information on Oceania's natural history. Standard (vii): The most advanced natural phenomena or natural beauty: New Caledonia's tropical lagoons and coral reefs are considered one of the most beautiful coral reef systems in the world, due to the relatively small areas. Various shapes and shapes. It extends from a wide range of double barrier systems, from offshore coral reefs and coral islands to reticulated coral reefs on the west coast. The richness and diversity of the landscape and coastal background gives a unique aesthetic appeal of superior quality. This beauty continues beneath the surface, coral diversity, huge coral structure, coral reef arch, dramatic display of caves, and even under big cracks. Standard (x): Biodiversity and Endangered Species: This facility is a diversified oceanic landscape, ranging from mangroves to seaweed to various forms of coral reefs. New Caledonia's barrier reef and atoll are among the three most extensive coral reef systems in the world, along with Fiji's coral reefs, are the most important coral reefs in Oceania. They are the world's most diverse collection of coral reef structures comparable or exceeding the larger Great Barrier Reef in terms of reef and fish diversity. They offer the habitat of many endangered fish, sea turtles and marine mammals including the world's third largest dugong population.

Explosive fishing methods are destructive and illegal. An explosive or other type of explosive is used to send a shock wave through the water, to stun the fish or to kill, then to collect and sell. The explosion destroyed the habitat, indiscriminately killed marine life, reduced future catch, affected livelihoods of food security and the fishing community. Fishing fishing is usually done at coral reefs, destroying corals and destroying these biodiversity hotspots. It is thought that it may take more than a century for coral reefs to return to normal condition. This is also dangerous; equipment sometimes explodes prematurely, causing serious injury and death. Blast fishing is available in over 40 countries. In Africa, it is particularly problematic in Tanzania, threatening the country's international tourism industry as it destroys coral reefs in Tanzania and all the benefits it brings and the risk of destruction and explosion of coral reefs is driving visitors But the problem is far more complicated than seen on the surface. Established in 2015, the Multi-Agency Working Group (MATT) handles explosive fishing and other environmental crimes, as well as explosive fishing, organized crime groups including illegal drug trafficking, prostitution and trafficking, trafficking We found a complex crime network of. It is often related to wild animals and wood smuggling, companies and celebrities MATT addresses a number of factors that contribute to the spread of explosive catch in Tanzania. Corruption, bribery and threats to officials and fishermen will reduce the enforcement rate and the enforcement rate of prosecution The negative impact of blast fishing is increasingly documented and this may or may not affect the impact. Laws including explosive fishing methods, economic and political environments do not last forever, but explosive fishing methods and related problems can last for many years. Blast furnace fishing is actually one of the most destructive fishing methods. What is considered as an advantage of explosive fishing methods far exceeds the negative impact on the environment and the indirect impact of these influences. However, despite extensive deficiencies, fishery is still being pursued. The International Endangered Species (ESI) explains explosive or explosive fishing methods as a way to kill fish in advance by exploding homemade explosives at marine habitats. After the explosive explodes, the fish float on the surface of the water and fishermen can collect them from there. Coral reef damage caused by explosive catch has led to an immediate reduction in the wealth and quantity of fish species. Explosive materials used for explosive fishing not only kill fish but also destroy the coral skeleton, resulting in unbalanced coral debris. The elimination of fish also eliminates the resilience of coral reefs to climate change and further hinders their recovery. Coral reefs recovered for 5 to 10 years with one explosion. And with extensive blasts these biodiversity ecosystems have been transformed into continuously unstable gravel. Researchers think that destructive fishery such as blasting is one of the biggest threats to coral reef ecosystems. The coral reef bomb is nothing but gravel. The long-term impact associated with explosion tanks is that coral reefs do not recover spontaneously. Coral reefs do not recover from small perturbations that do not change the physical environment, but are unlikely to recover from constant disturbances like explosive catch. The blast furnace fishery is one of the reasons to destroy the skeleton of calcium carbonate coral and destroy coral reefs permanently. In the Indian Ocean - Pacific, blasting is the main cause of coral reef degradation. As a result, a weakened gravel field is formed, and fish habitat decreases.

As part of our 50th anniversary commemoration, Biscayne National Park and the US Citizenship Immigration Bureau conducted two naturalization ceremonies. Join us and bless 40 new citizens and invite them to where we are now. The ceremony will be held at the auditorium of the Dante Fascell visitor center at 9:30 AM and 11:30 AM on Thursday, October 18. Generally free Biscayne National Park is an American national park located south of Miami, southern Florida. This park keeps Biscayne Bay and its offshore reefs. 95% of the park is water and the banks of the bay are places with vast mangroves. In the park area of ​​172,971 acres (69,999 hectares), there is Elliot Key, the largest island, and the real Florida Keys consisting of fossil coral reefs. The island on the north side of the park is a provisional island of coral and sand. Offshore of the park has the northernmost tip of Florida Reef, one of the world's largest coral reefs. Coral reefs on the Atlantic Ocean off the southeastern coast of Florida and Biscayne National Park, the other ocean area, are located approximately 32 km (32 miles) south of Miami. In 1968, it was approved as Biscayne National Monument (to change the border in 1974) and became a national park in 1980. This park protects coral reefs and their ecosystems that live in the northernmost part of America. It has a surface area of ​​270 square miles (699 square kilometers), 95% of which is water. This park is between the North End of Florida Keys, North Key Biscayne and the South Key Largo. It forms a coastline covered with mangrove, from the west to the east, a shallow biscayne bay, approximately 33 keys (or islands), a north-south chain separating the bay from the Atlantic Ocean, and Atlantic underwater coral reefs. Biscayne National Park is the largest marine park in the national park system. Four different ecosystems are found in the park, including Biscayne Bay, the islands in the northern Florida Keys, mangroves, and coral reefs along the coastline of the park. All of these ecosystems have experienced some degree of productivity decline in recent processes. The two factors are (1) an increase in land runoff (astigmatism) in Biscayne National Park including high concentrations of nutrients, organic matter and microorganisms, (2) flood control projects by Bis and Everglades. Significant decrease in groundwater runoff from the freshwater bottom of the Khan National Park coastline Scientific support strategy of US Geological Survey in Biscayne National Park and its surrounding area in the southeastern Florida

Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on the planet. Coral reefs support more seed per unit area than any other marine environment, including about 4,000 fish, 800 hard corals, and hundreds of other species. Scientists estimate that there are an additional 1 to 8 million undiscovered creatures in coral reefs and surroundings (Reaka-Kudla, 1997). This biodiversity is thought to be the key to finding new medicines in the 21st century. Many drugs are being developed from coral reef animals and plants to treat cancer, arthritis, human bacterial infections, viruses and other diseases. Coral reefs, a warehouse with huge biological wealth, offer economic and environmental services to millions of people. Coral reefs provide $ 375 billion worth of goods and services each year. This is an amazing number for the environment covering less than 1% of the surface of the earth (Costanza et al., 1997). Healthy coral reefs contribute to the regional economy through sightseeing. Dive tours near coral reef systems, fishing trips, hotels, restaurants and other companies provide millions of jobs and contribute billions of dollars worldwide. According to a recent survey, millions of people visit Florida Keys coral reef each year. The value of these coral reefs is estimated at $ 7.6 billion (Johns et al., 2001). Commercial value of coral reef fishery in the United States exceeds 100 million dollars (NMFS / NOAA, 2001). Furthermore, the annual value of entertainment fishery relying on coral reefs can exceed $ 100 million a year. In developing countries coral reefs account for a quarter of the total catch and provide important food resources to tens of millions of people (Jameson et al., 1995). Coral reefs buffer the adjacent coastline by waves, preventing erosion, property damage, and loss of human life. Coral reefs also protect high-yield wetlands in coastal areas, as well as ports and the economies it supports. It is estimated that 500 million people worldwide live within 100 kilometers of coral reefs and benefit from production and protection. The National Oceanic Administration (NOS) focuses on ensuring the safety, health and efficacy of the oceans and coastal areas. NOS scientists, natural resource managers and experts promote innovative solutions to protect coastal communities and protect US marine and coastal areas by ensuring safe and efficient maritime transport doing. The National Oceanic Administration Bureau consists of eight program offices. Ocean Operation and Service Operation Center, Coastal Service Center, National Coastal Marine Science Center, Coastal Investigation Bureau, National Geodetic Survey, National Bureau Maritime Reserve Marine and Coastal Resources Management Bureau and Response and Restoration Office This guide was created by the Special Project Division of the United States Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Coastal Service Center (now known as the Coastal Management Bureau) and is located at the National Oceanic Service Center of NOAA. The content comes from a number of sources, including the NOAA Coastal Service Center course, training manual on public issues and conflict management, and easy-to-promote writer Ingrid Bens. About NOAA The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is a federal agency that enriches life through science. When NOAA tries to educate citizens about changes in the surrounding environment, the organization spreads from the surface of the sun to the depth of the ocean. Measuring the motion of the structural plate is part of geodesy. In order to determine the geometry of the Earth, NOAA's National Geodetic Survey is part of the National Oceanic Administration and has been developed to measure the effects of planetary rotation speed, plate movement, and gravity on specific scientific processes We use a method. Scientists at the State Oceanic Bureau have overseen and studied this phenomenon for many years to determine how

Among the many miracles of the Earth's ocean, algae forests and coral reefs are a very diverse ecosystem that presents opportunities for biodiversity and prosperous underwater environments. The algae forest rising above the ocean floor can grow to more than 100 feet and provide habitat crowded with living things. As seen in the Great Barrier Reef in the Pacific, coral reefs can grow in hundreds of miles wide. These coral reefs, like algae forests sharing the ocean, provide a rich ecological environment and a rich environment for submarine resources. If you are an environmentalist or a marine biologist, you will probably see coral reefs as these different underwater ecosystems living in one quarter of the world's marine life. If it is a commercial breeding ground for plants and wildlife or economic fish from a commercial point of view, they will also serve as a source of income for local tourism. Finally, coral reefs can protect the coastline from the devastating effects of waves and storms - a very important goal from the perspective of the recent climate change that is causing extreme weather and weather abnormalities. In the past decade, scientists have used coral reef bacteria as a treatment for diseases such as cancer and AIDS, but remember that there is a possibility of further development and research in the coming years. According to Wikipedia, "coral reefs are various aquatic ecosystems of calcium carbonate structure secreted by corals.The coral reefs are constructed by colonies of small animals containing almost no nutrients in sea water.A most coral reef." Referee According to ", coral reef is one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world, thousands of marine organisms live. About one-third of saltfish live in coral reefs. The proportion of coral reefs is less than 0.2% of the sea, but it accounts for 25% of the world's saltwater fish. "

The population continues to increase, but the land needs to suppress growth. In the process of humans trying to meet this requirement, we found that we are invading the land occupied by various wildlife and plant habitats. The problem arises from the fact that as people enter these new areas, they inherit existing ecosystems and injure or destroy them. The loss of ecosystem is the same as the loss of animal species and plant species. This is happening at an amazing rate in our world. The main attraction of the whole Riviera Maya is that the coastal and reef aquatic activities are dependent on coastal waters and the Central American barrier reef system (also called Belize Barrier Reef). To Guatemala. This barrier reef system is the second longest in the world. The most popular places are jet skiing, snorkeling, scuba diving, swimming, dolphin swimming, zip lining, horse riding, sailing, guided jungle tour. Archeology is also a major tourist attraction in this area, which also has popular ruins run by the National Archaeological Institute, such as Tulum on the coast, Chichen Itza (1 km from inland). Chichen Itza) and Koba. The Belize Barrier Reef is a series of coral reefs across the Belize coast, about 300 meters (980 feet) north of the sea and 40 kilometers (25 miles) South south. Belize Barrier Reef is a 900 km (560 mile) long Central America Fort Reef system, 300 km (190 miles) long and extends from the Cancun to Honduras on the northeast end of the Yucatan Peninsula to the Riviera Maya River. One of the world's largest coral reef systems An example of the most famous and largest barrier reef is Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Other major examples are Belize Barrier Reef and New Caledonia Barrier Reef. Barrier Reef is also on the coast of Providencia, Mayotte, Gambir, the southeastern coast of Kalimantan, the southeastern part of New Guinea, the southern part of the Leandand Islands. Platform coral reefs known as coral reefs or coral reefs can rise anywhere on the continental shelf and the ocean floor near the surface of the sea, so that growth of worms and coral reefs is possible as a result. Coral platform coral reefs are located in the southern part of the Great Barrier Reef, clusters of Swan and Capricorn of the continental shelf are about 100-200 km from the coast. Several platform coral reefs in the northern part of Musculin are thousands of kilometers from the mainland.

The population continues to increase, but the land needs to suppress growth. In the process of humans trying to meet this requirement, we found that we are invading the land occupied by various wildlife and plant habitats. The problem arises from the fact that as people enter these new areas, they inherit existing ecosystems and injure or destroy them. The loss of ecosystem is the same as the loss of animal species and plant species. This is happening at an amazing rate in our world. The main attraction of the whole Riviera Maya is that the coastal and reef aquatic activities are dependent on coastal waters and the Central American barrier reef system (also called Belize Barrier Reef). To Guatemala. This barrier reef system is the second longest in the world. The most popular places are jet skiing, snorkeling, scuba diving, swimming, dolphin swimming, zip lining, horse riding, sailing, guided jungle tour. Archeology is also a major tourist attraction in this area, which also has popular ruins run by the National Archaeological Institute, such as Tulum on the coast, Chichen Itza (1 km from inland). Chichen Itza) and Koba. The Belize Barrier Reef is a series of coral reefs across the Belize coast, about 300 meters (980 feet) north of the sea and 40 kilometers (25 miles) South south. Belize Barrier Reef is a 900 km (560 mile) long Central America Fort Reef system, 300 km (190 miles) long and extends from the Cancun to Honduras on the northeast end of the Yucatan Peninsula to the Riviera Maya River. One of the world's largest coral reef systems An example of the most famous and largest barrier reef is Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Other major examples are Belize Barrier Reef and New Caledonia Barrier Reef. Barrier Reef is also on the coast of Providencia, Mayotte, Gambir, the southeastern coast of Kalimantan, the southeastern part of New Guinea, the southern part of the Leandand Islands. Platform coral reefs known as coral reefs or coral reefs can rise anywhere on the continental shelf and the ocean floor near the surface of the sea, so that growth of worms and coral reefs is possible as a result. Coral platform coral reefs are located in the southern part of the Great Barrier Reef, clusters of Swan and Capricorn of the continental shelf are about 100-200 km from the coast. Several platform coral reefs in the northern part of Musculin are thousands of kilometers from the mainland.

El Nino may be returning to warm water that affects the global tropical Pacific Ocean. This change may imply recurrence of the El Niño phenomenon which may affect the weather of the earth. The Federal Global Warming Prediction Center reported this global warming on Thursday of the US Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Agency stated that El Niño (pronounced as El NEEN-yo) may occur in the early spring, but in the late summer it is unlikely that it affects the US from autumn to the next winter. Coral reefs are caused by various factors such as natural phenomena such as hurricane, El Niño, illness, overfishing, destructive fishing methods, coastal development, pollution, inadvertent regional threats, and the impact of global warming - the sea of ​​global warming It is threatened by. And an increase in the carbon dioxide content in the water. According to the World Resources Institute report, according to Reefs at Risk Revisited, 75% of the world's coral reefs are threatened by domestic and foreign pressures. About a quarter of them are damaged and can not be repaired. As we continue to work as usual, 90% of coral reefs will be in danger by 2030 and nearly all coral reefs will be in danger by 2050. Historically, declines in corals around the world are related to the El Niño phenomenon, which usually raise the global temperature. The first massive coral decline was observed during the severe El Niño phenomenon in 1983, and the first truly global event was consistent with the 1998 strong El Nino phenomenon. The tropical coral reefs of the world are still affected by the 2010 El Nino phenomenon which is moderate in strength. Experts say that coral bleaching activity in 2014 - 2017 is not only due to its long period but also because it is not entirely due to the El Nino phenomenon. Although El Niño is expected in 2014, it was not realized until March 2015, but by that time the level of thermal stress at bleach level is already in progress. The strong El Nino phenomenon occurred in 2016. At the beginning of 2017, 51% of the world's coral reef showed thermal stress when Lanina was set up. The El Niño phenomenon in 1982-83 has received much attention from the scientific community. Abnominally between 1991 and 1995, the El Nino phenomenon rarely developed so rapidly. The particularly intense El Niño phenomenon in 1998 killed about 16% of the world's coral reef system. This event temporarily raised the temperature by 1.5 ° C, but phenomena related to the ElNiño phenomenon usually rose 0.25 ° C. Since then, large-scale coral bleaching has become widespread all over the world, "serious whitening" has occurred in all areas.

Dangerous Animals of the Great Barrier Reef According to Dennis Fur Carson (1996), one of the Australian explorers, the Great Barrier Reef is "God's Underwater Playground." In fact, everyone in the group seems to have a wonderful time to explore coral reefs. However, many of the organizations expressed concern about snorkeling at coral reefs far from the mainland. I began to wonder if it really fears so much. We are told that this is not a box jellyfish season, and more importantly, do not touch anything. The Great Barrier Reef is a jewel of marine life in Australia and is in danger. Coral reefs are the largest biological structure on Earth, according to the Great Barrier Reef Oceanic Bureau, which is about 344,000 square kilometers (133,000 square miles) of the largest coral reef in the world. These iconic natural beauties are praised all over the world, with its quirky, vivid colors and alien appearance. Thousands of animal species, including a large number of clownfish, rely on these coral reefs. Coral reefs are widely distributed in warm shallows. They may work as obstacles along the continent (such as the Great Barrier Reef in Australia), the surrounding islands, and atolls. Of course coral reef is the main organism is coral. Coral is interesting because it has both algae (animal) and animal polyps. Due to malnutrition of coral reef water, corals acquire nutrients through algae through photosynthesis and obtain plankton from the water by extending the tentacles. In addition to corals, animals have several microorganisms, invertebrates, fish, sea urchin, octopus, starfish and others. In that area, about 89% of the inland and offshore fish in Australia is endemic. In addition, endangered coral reefs are common on the coast of Australia - the most famous is the Great Barrier Reef. The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system with an area of ​​133,000 square miles (344,400 square kilometers). It consists of more than 3000 different coral reef systems and coral reefs, supporting more than 1,500 fish and 400 hard corals. More than 30 marine mammals including natural resource information, seven endangered species, and endangered species

Protecting the Confucian dugong (Dugong dugon) is exactly the only oceanic herbivorous animal, the only existing species in the Dugongidae family. The characteristic dugong weighs about 400 kilograms and its length is 3 meters (Stonehouse, 1992). Through its triangular whale tail, it can easily be distinguished from Sirenia. A manila, another member of Sylynia, has a unique paddle type tail which lives in rivers and estuaries. Like a manatee, the dugong has a thick layer of greasy, giving them a clearly rounded posture, placing a small paddling finger and a wide and flat tail in front of the body. Standard (x): Biodiversity and Endangered Species: This facility is a diverse oceanic landscape, with various habitats ranging from mangroves to seaweed and various coral reefs. New Caledonia's barrier reef and atoll are one of the three most extensive coral reef systems in the world, along with Fiji's coral reefs, are the most important coral reefs in Oceania. They are the world's most diverse collection of coral reef structures based on 146 world classification systems that are comparable to or even higher than the much larger Great Barrier Reef in terms of coral reef and fish diversity. They offer the habitat of many endangered fish, sea turtles and marine mammals including the world's third largest dugong population. Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system. Coral reefs are located in the coral ocean, and most coral reefs are protected by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Special environmental pressures include surface runoff, salinity variation, climate change, explosions of annular thorns, overfishing, spillage and inadequate discharge of ballast water. Climate change is the most important environmental threat to the Great Barrier Reef, according to the Australian Government 's Great Barrier Reef Oceanic Parks Bureau (GBRMPA) in 2014. In Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is protected by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Bureau and is subject to many laws including the Biodiversity Action Plan. Australia has developed a coral reef recovery action plan. This plan includes an adaptive management strategy including reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. The public awareness program provides education on "sea rainforests" and how people can reduce carbon emissions. Residents of Papua New Guinea, Manus Oahu continued generations of practice and restricted fishing in six areas of the lagoon lagoon. Their cultural tradition enables fishing, but there is no net fishing. Both biomass and individual fish sizes are much larger than fisheries are not restricted

The impact of scuba diving on sea biodiversity, especially coral reefs spreading over the two-mile coral reefs of Sodwana Bay, is a vast combination of its beauty, diversity, the lives it supports, and the numerous importantities that coastal communities offer It is known for its service. Defense, fishery, ecotourism and building and pharmaceutical compound products (Barker and Roberts, 2004). Despite its obvious value coral reefs around the world have generally declined as a result of various human pressures (like scuba diving) which will be the focus of this research (Barker and Roberts, 2004) . In order to minimize the adverse effects of divers on coral reefs and marine ecosystems, the Marine Protection Organization proposed several recreational diving guidelines. According to the standard requirements for entertainment scuba diving proposed by ICRAN MAR 1 (2006), divers must comply with all local and national laws and regulations applicable for diving activities Hmm. This guide includes avoidance of interaction with marine organisms, maintenance of fin recognition, use of equipment and handling of underwater cameras, adjustment of buoyancy, contact with coral of diving equipment and securing agitation of sediment etc. It is included. Divers should not touch or touch habitats of coral and other coral reefs. They will also not stand resting on coral reefs. Sea creatures and hunting, harassment, horseback riding (sea turtle, manatee, whale shark etc.) and breeding of fish are strictly forbidden. It is not even permitted to collect seashells and corals as souvenirs. Investigation of the influence of experience, personality and attitude on the underwater behavior of SCUBA diver: structural equation model The impact of scuba diving on sea biodiversity, especially coral reefs spreading over the two-mile coral reefs of Sodwana Bay, is a vast combination of its beauty, diversity, the lives it supports, and the numerous importantities that coastal communities offer It is known for its service. Defense, fishery, ecotourism and building and pharmaceutical compound products (Barker and Roberts, 2004). Despite its obvious value coral reefs around the world have generally declined as a result of various human pressures (like scuba diving) which will be the focus of this research (Barker and Roberts, 2004) . Cebu Alegría is a small town with rich biodiversity. Epic waterfalls and caves to explore, rich marine life, and wonderful coral reefs. It is a paradise for adventure, diving and snorkeling. It stands out among the unknown miracles of southwest Cebu hidden in the hands of tourists. Alegría heritage park ... Do not miss the center of the town of Alegría, do not miss the 18th century church (St. Francis Parish), the Spanish 17th century watchtower (baluarte), purchasing local goods, walking around the park There are local markets that you can. Relax and overlook the Tañon Straits

0 Introduction The simplest coral reef is made of rock, coral or sand made by a non-living, biological or artificial process. Like a valley, most coral reefs are made by abiotic processes. They are made by deposition and erosion caused naturally by waves and other environmental factors. Some of the most popular coral reefs are biologically generated coral reefs and will not be confused with abiotic processes. Coral reefs are located in tropical waters and occur through coral and lime algae along coral reefs, atolls, island edges. Artificial Reef Lecture discovered the reasons for using artificial corals, how they were created and deployed, and how to store and keep them. There are several reasons for using artificial corals. First of all, we will offer the second opportunity of coral. Sometimes coral reefs fluctuate, fragments such as predation and human noises are broken. By fixing these parts to artificial coral reefs, they will be lifted from the asphyxiated sand, regrow and gain the opportunity to continue prosperity. Secondly, artificial coral reefs support them by alleviating the stress of natural coral reefs. The main cause of stress on natural coral reefs is caused by human exposure and interference. Many tourists visit Koh Tao's coral reefs and may damage corals. Fortunately, a new type of diving spot comes at artificial coral reefs. Artificial coral reefs are rich in life as well as art. Attractive underwater waves, past and present protectionist's faces In El Segundo, California, an artificial coral reef called Chevron Reef was built, hoping to build a new surf area. However, coral reefs did not generate large amounts of waves and they were removed in 2008. In Kovalam, Southwest India, artificial coral reefs have succeeded in providing high quality left handedness, stable coastal soil erosion, and good habitat. Marine life. ASR Ltd., based in New Zealand, has constructed a Kovalain Reef and is working on another coral reef in Boscom, England. The value of good surfing when attracting surf tours encouraged the construction of artificial coral reefs and sand bars. The artificial surf leaf can be made of durable sandbox or concrete similar to submerged breakwater. These artificial coral reefs not only provide a place for surfing but also dissipate the energy of the waves and avoid the erosion of coastlines. Ships like Seli 1 form a sandy beach that is accidentally clogged at the bottom of the sand and generates good waves. In El Segundo, California, an artificial coral reef called Chevron Reef was built, hoping to build a new surf area. However, coral reefs did not generate large amounts of waves and they were removed in 2008. In Kovalam, Southwest India, artificial coral reefs have succeeded in providing high quality left handedness, stable coastal soil erosion, and good habitat. Marine life

Coral reef function: Coral reefs have various reasons other than being supposed to include the most diverse ecosystem on the earth. They are: That's why many marine organisms live in coral reefs. Other reasons for its importance are as follows. Since the fishery depends on coral reefs, many fish lay eggs there, and the boy is headed to the sea after spending time there. The Great Barrier Reef brings more than $ 1.5 billion annually to the Australian economy, including fishing and tourism. Research on coral reefs is important to provide a clear scientifically verifiable climate event record over the past one million years. This includes a record of recent major storms and human impacts recorded by changes in coral growth pattern. The importance of a healthy ecosystem: Reducing biodiversity due to species extinction inevitably leads to ecological health and function collapse. A healthy ecosystem is important to us. Services that we rely on, such as recovery and purification of water and air, soil production, decomposition of pollutants, etc. Social, cultural and recreational activities such as our many unique national parks, world heritage, and other special places we want to visit A wide variety of species provide larger gene pools, which provide survival options for natural populations in environmental conditions and climate change. As these natural selections support the "best" selection among these survival options, species evolve over time. Thus, species with limited absolute diversity are more threatening. As scientists do not know all the knowledge of all species, existing species need protection. The species may play an important role in the ecosystem and if organisms are removed, all organisms of the community may experience this effect. The greater the number of species, the greater the genetic diversity in the ecosystem and the less the impact of removing individual species. The health, management and conservation of biodiversity is a fundamental problem faced by mankind and it is a big challenge for today's biology. The main factors that affect the health and function of the Great Barrier Reef are climate change and pollution. As a Queenslander, we have to develop strategies to protect coral reefs. An example of the most famous and largest barrier reef is Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Other major examples are Belize Barrier Reef and New Caledonia Barrier Reef. Barrier Reef is also found on the southeastern coast of Providencia, Mayotte, Gambia, Kalimantan, the southeastern region of New Guinea, the coast of the south of the Luanda archipelago. Platform coral reef known as a coral reef or coral reef can be formed in the continental shelf and open ocean and in fact it is enough to promote the growth of schistosomes and coral reefs of animals, I am going anywhere. Coral plain coral reefs are located in the southern part of the Great Barrier Reef and clusters of continental shelf swans and Capricorn are about 100 to 200 km from the coast. Several platform coral reefs in the northern part of Musculin are thousands of kilometers from the mainland. Legged coral reefs are widely distributed but are most common in the southern part of the Great Barrier Reef and are connected to high islands such as the Whitsunday Islands. Southern Barrier Reef is located in Southern Barrier Reef and in the north is near Charlotte Bay. Cretant reefs, like coral reefs around Lizard Island, are the most common reef shape in the middle of the system. Crescent reef was also seen at the northernmost tip of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and Swan Leaf (20 to 22 degrees south latitude). The plane reef is in the north and the south, it is near the Cape York Peninsula, Charlotte Bay princess, Cairns. Most of the coral reef islands are on flat coral reefs. : 158-160 The Royal Committee did not permit the Great Barrier Reef's oil drilling, and in 1975 the Australian Government established the Great Barrier Ree

Deep sea animals must live in a very cold, dark and high pressure environment that can not see things! To survive there, they developed some very strange adaptations. Some people make their own lights, others are called bioluminescence abilities, others are completely blind. Some people look terribly like squids, others are very beautiful - even if no one highly appreciates it, except for those we are seeing. Look at some of the remarkable adaptations of deep-sea animals that evolved with this slide. Learn more about Deep Sea Coral Reefs and Deep Sea Coral Reefs in the overview page and see pictures of other bioluminescent animals. If someone is close to the sea and is lucky, you may have the opportunity to witness the beauty and majesty of coral reefs. These beautifully diverse ecosystems are usually quite deep in the ocean. Unfortunately, experts believe that 75% of the world's coral reefs are endangered by water temperature rise, carbon dioxide and other types of underwater pollution. According to Wikipedia, "coral reefs are various underwater ecosystems of calcium carbonate structure secreted by corals.The coral reefs are constructed by colonies of small animals with little nutrients in the seawater.The most coral reefs are polyps It is made up of stone corals composed of clusters. The structure formed by these coral reef groups is an important habitat for marine life. Coral ecosystems with deep biodiversity are found throughout the ocean in the world exposed to rich ocean currents, with combinations of rocks or hard matrices. Productivity is high in these areas, coral is a nursery bed and spawning place important for many commercially important fish. The pH of cold water is lower than that of shallow coral reefs and future predictions suggest that by the end of the century 70% of cold water corals may experience corrosion conditions (Guinotte et al. 2006). Marine ecosystems are the most common, accounting for 75% of the Earth's surface and consist of three basic types: shallow sea, deep sea and deep sea. Shallow sea ecosystems include very biologically diverse coral reef ecosystems. Small photosynthetic organisms floating in sea water collectively called phytoplankton account for 40% of all photosynthesis on the earth. The deep-sea ecosystem contains various marine organisms. These ecosystems are very deep and light can not reach them

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to clarify trends in biogeochemistry research and to explain in detail the development of this research in Indonesia. The main aim is to identify opportunities for marine biogeochemical studies in Indonesia and identify new focus of oceanography studies. The paper itself is shown below. The first part is the use of econometric bibliography to discuss the topics of biogeochemistry world topics. The next section explains the biogeochemical research and environmental issues in Southeast Asia. Thousand Islands is an archipelago with a marine nature reserve in Indonesia located in the north of Jakarta Bay. The waters of this area are coral islands, coral reef beaches, shallow beaches with coral reefs. The Thousand Islands Group is engaged in a wide range of activities including marine ecosystems such as natural resources, coral reefs, natural beauty of coral reefs, fish and edible fish, echinoderm, crustaceans, mollusks, sea turtles, marine plants and lands, mangroves, seaweeds and other marine beauty I have it. Bed and Other - Other. Shaped coral reefs can indirectly reduce waves that can scrape off Kuril Islands coasts that are included in the very small island category. Indonesia is a country with a small island in the archipelago. Indonesia and its country are composed of islands and small islands. Located between the two continents of Asia and Australia Thousand Islands is an archipelago with marine nature reserve in Indonesia, which has consumption of exotic underwater natural beauty, natural resources, marine ecosystem coral reef boasting the beauty of nature, coral reefs, fish and fish. Goda Island such as Echinoderma, Crustacea, Mollusk, Sea Turtle, Marine Plant and Land, Mangrove, Seaweed Area etc, also called Plow, is also the Shipir Island and Quypeel Island, but the historic monuments of the island are upright, We are forming a fortress. There is a clean, clean freshwater source on this island.

When this happens, the woman puts 100-250 eggs on top of the special "brooder" at the bottom of the story of a man (unlike the hippocampus), where they adhere and fertilize. After 4 to 6 weeks, the sea dragons of the young fish are hatched with yolk sac attached, dispersed and given essential vitamins to survive for 2 to 3 days. As this happens, while still trying to hide in the baby's shrimp and seaweed, the baby's Sedoragon can eat small zooplankton and kill. Marine protected areas (marine protected areas) are established for marine life protection. In marine protected areas around the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, non-fishing zones help fish breeding. Efforts are also being made to restrict pollution and restore the coral reef ecosystem in the area. As ecosystems become more healthy, their biodiversity There are many marine organisms living in coral reefs. Over 4,000 species of fish and various living creatures including sponges, starfish, sea cucumbers live in coral reefs. The relationship between seaweed and fish and coral reefs is interdependent, coral reefs provide sediments of seaweed, seaweed provides coral reef nutrition, fish depend on both for protection. Destruction of coral reefs will compromise this interdependence in this fragile marine ecosystem and will cause a significant loss in marine biodiversity. Approximately 25% of all known marine species depend on coral reef for food, shelter and breeding. According to CORAL, coral reefs are also called "sea tropical rainforests", and due to its biodiversity, it is the habitat of more than 4000 species of fish, 700 species of corals, and thousands of other animals and plants. Coral reefs are generally classified into four categories: coral reefs, reefs, coral reefs, plaque reefs, atolls. Coral reefs are the most common coral reefs growing near the coastline. Barrier Coral Reef is different from Edge Coral Reef in that it is separated from the coastline by deeper and wider lagoons. Plaque reefs usually grow between islands or shelf lags and barrier reefs. The coral circle forming the atoll forms a protected lagoon in the middle of the ocean, usually around the island that sinks into the sea.

The Great Barrier Reef is one of the natural wonders. It was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1981 and was registered as a National Heritage in 2007. Unfortunately the Great Barrier Reef is facing many threats. Contamination by direct or indirect human activities is a major threat to Australian coral reefs. (Source 1). Every year, 2 million tourists visit coral reefs. Although this is good for the economy, it has a big negative impact on coral reefs. Tourists are transported by more than 500 vessels around the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) and dump fuels, anchors, and other pollutants that damage coral reefs. Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system. Coral reefs are located in the coral ocean, and most coral reefs are protected by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Special environmental pressures include surface runoff, salinity variation, climate change, explosions of annular thorns, overfishing, spillage and inadequate discharge of ballast water. Climate change is the most important environmental threat to the Great Barrier Reef, according to the Australian Government 's Great Barrier Reef Oceanic Parks Bureau (GBRMPA) in 2014. In Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is protected by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Bureau and is subject to many laws including the Biodiversity Action Plan. Australia has developed a coral reef recovery action plan. This plan includes an adaptive management strategy including reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. The public awareness program provides education on "sea rainforests" and how people can reduce carbon emissions. Residents of Papua New Guinea, Manus Oahu continued generations of practice and restricted fishing in six areas of the lagoon lagoon. Their cultural tradition enables fishing, but there is no net fishing. Both biomass and individual fish sizes are much larger than fisheries are not restricted In that area, about 89% of the inland and offshore fish in Australia is endemic. In addition, endangered coral reefs are common on the coast of Australia - the most famous is the Great Barrier Reef. The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system with an area of ​​133,000 square miles (344,400 square kilometers). It consists of more than 3000 different coral reef systems and coral reefs, supporting more than 1,500 fish and 400 hard corals. More than 30 marine mammals including natural resource information, seven endangered species, and endangered species

Introduction Seaweed is declining worldwide and is a very important marine ecosystem found in shallow water areas mainly distributed in tropical waters and the temperature is between 4 ° C and 24 ° C (Green and Short 2003) . They are the only true flowering plants (angiosperms) that live under aquatic conditions and provide support and habitat for many species (Orth et al. 2006; Jackson et al. 2001). They are marine aquatic plants and are important species found in many coastal areas around the world (Libralato, Christensen, Pauly, 2006). Seaweed is a marine plant thought to be an important part of coastal ecosystem. Smithsonian Marine Station (2003) of Fort Pierce pointed out that seaweed supports high biodiversity. "As they are sensitive to changes in water quality, they have been recognized as an important indicator species that reflects the overall health of coastal ecosystems." Seagrasses have been identified as oceans including several endangered species such as West India Manatee Provide habitat for many different species of creatures. In addition, they provide sediment stability and help to contribute to the carbon budget (Lirman and Cropper, 2003) US Geological Survey's scientific support strategy in Biscayne National Park and its surrounding areas in the southeast Florida Three habitats peculiar to the subtropical continental shelf: mangrove, seaweed ground, coral reef. Among them, the US Geological Survey is conducting the most extensive research on coral reefs. The linkage between these habitats is widely recognized (Ogden and Gladfelter, 1983) and many ecologically and economically important species use some of their life history for multiple habitats ing. Seaweed beds and mangroves are a breeding ground for various popular fish (flute, sizzle, grouper) and lobster (Panulirus argus). Many coral reef fish (Ogrey Shark, French Links, Stripe Parrot, Rainbow Parrot) show more biomass along coral reefs near mangrove habitats than mangrove-removed coral reefs (Mumby et al., 2004)) Seaweed seaweed beds stabilize sediments and provide feeding habitat for many commercially important coral reef species US Geological Survey's scientific support strategy in Biscayne National Park and its surrounding areas in the southeast Florida Coral reefs often rely on habitats such as seaweed pastures and mangroves for nutrients. Seaweed and mangroves supply dead plants and nitrogen-rich animals that feed fish and animals from coral reefs by providing trees and vegetation. Coral reefs, on the other hand, protect mangroves and seaweeds from the waves and produce sediments with mangroves and seaweed rooted. Coral reefs form a part of the world's most productive ecosystem and provide complex and diverse marine habitats that support a variety of other creatures. Coral reefs under the low tide have mutually beneficial relationships with mangroves at high tide and seaweed grassland between them. Coral reefs protect mangrove and seaweed from strong flow and waves, destroy them and erode sediments. . Roots of deep mangrove and seaweed protect coral from large amounts of silt, fresh water and pollutants.

Located in New Caledonia in the South Pacific, New Caledonia Barrier Reef is the world's longest continuous stone reef, the second largest barrier reef after Australia's Great Barrier Reef. The New Caledonia barrier reef is 1,500 km (930 mile) in length, surrounding New Caledonia's largest island, Grande Terre, and Ile des Bains and several small islands. Coral reefs are surrounded by 24,000 square kilometers (9,300 square miles) of lagoons and the average depth is 25 meters (82 feet). The coral reef is 30 kilometers (19 miles) from the coast, but it extends approximately 200 kilometers (120 miles) to the Entrecasteaux coral reef in the northwest. This Northwest extension extends around the Belep Islands and other sand beaches. Some natural passage leads to the sea. The Boulari Passage leads to Noumea's main port marked by the capital of New Caledonia and the Amédée lighthouse. New Caledonia's coral reef system is considered the second largest coral reef system in the world after Australia's Great Barrier Reef and is the world's longest continuous barrier reef with a length of 600 kilometers and its lagoon. The lagoon covers an area of ​​24.000 square kilometers. This ecosystem is concentrated in Fiji with the most diverse coral reef structure in the world. 146 of which is based on a global classification system comparable to or greater than the Great Barrier Reef for coral and fish diversity. Coral reefs are rich in species diversity and high degree of specificity, there are dugongs that are on danger of dragon, third place population, and important nesting place of sea turtle (Chelonia mydas). There are various types of water in New Caledonia's lagoon, from plankton to large fish, even sharks. Most coral reefs are generally considered healthy. Several eastern coral reefs were damaged by the extraction of nickel from Grand Terre. Sediments from mining, agriculture and grazing affect the coral reefs near the estuary, mangroves are destroyed and help to preserve sediments. Several coral reefs are buried in a silt of a depth of several meters. [2] In January 2002, the French government proposed to register coral reefs in New Caledonia as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. On 7th July 2008, UNESCO designated "New Caledonia Lagoon: diversity of coral reef and related ecosystem" as New Caledonian barley beef registered in World Heritage. The lagoon falls into three categories of UNESCO. There are 13 regional management committees consisting of tour operators, fishermen, politicians, and chiefs of local tribes, and we are monitoring the health of the lagoon with the local community. [Four] Scuba diving is common and there are several diving spots around lagoons and coral reefs. These include a Proney needle, a shark hole and a cathedral. [Five] This part of the lagoon close to Dumbéa and Païta in the northwest of Noumea is not a UNESCO World Heritage Site. An example of the most famous and largest barrier reef is Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Other major examples are Belize Barrier Reef and New Caledonia Barrier Reef. Barrier Reef is also found on the southeastern coast of Providencia, Mayotte, Gambia, Kalimantan, the southeastern region of New Guinea, the coast of the south of the Luanda archipelago. Platform coral reef known as coral reef or coral reef can be formed in the continental shelf and open ocean and in fact is sufficient to promote the growth of schistosomes and coral reefs of animals, You can stand anywhere. Coral plain coral reefs are located in the southern part of the Great Barrier Reef and clusters of continental shelf swans and Capricorn are about 100 to 200 km from the coast. Several platform coral reefs in the northern part of Musculin are thousands of kilometers from the mainland. The New Caledonia barrier reef is 1,500 km (930 mile) in length, surrounding New Caledonia's largest island, Grande Terre, and Ile des Bains and several small islands. Coral reefs are surrounded by 24,000 squ