What is the difference between Rule Utilitarianism and Act Utilitarianism?
[2023-12-18 13:57:06]
Prior to actions, rule Utilitarians believe in the results of those who follow the rules. If the results are considered to be positive, she may generally think that it is better to follow the rules and will apply it in the future.
Behavior Utilitarians treat actions as a single action with a single outcome rather than generalizing behavior. She will have to compare the results of each action
Therefore, rule Utilitarianism is considered more practical contrary to the claim of anti - utilitarianism. In other words, it is not the way we want (or possible) every time we measure all possible outcomes.
On the other hand, behavior Utilitarians think that it is not a rule applied many times, but rather a wise person can decide what to do by themselves, so the rule utilitarian thinks a little boring. In addition, blindly applying rules to specific situations can result in unpredictable adverse effects that may be avoided by more people who are interested rather than executing programs.
At the same time, behavioral Utilitarians are criticized for their dual criteria because they believe that if they obey "good" rules, they are useful and they have the right to decide whether to obediently follow them I will. Status
Example: Rules Utilitarian driving at night and watching red cross lights. "If people stick to the rules rather than crossing the red light, it will bring good results, so everyone is safe waiting for a while," she applies this rule to myself and it Wait for it to turn green. At the same time, behavioral Utilitarians said, "Well, I hope that someone who is not me will stick to it according to this rule, but no one around me is influenced by my actions.I am going to take the car It's so dark that you can see the road, so you can cross the road. "
Source: Smart has a paper you can find here; I'm sure this is what I learned and what I learned in the seminar. Clever behavior Utilitarianism
In Utilitarianism, he seems to give two different expressions of utilitarian standards. The first point of action Utilitarianism, the second point of rule utilitarianism. Behavior and Rules Utilitarianism is concerned with incompatibility of taking morally correct actions and these statements are based on what kind of utilitarianism Miller wants to claim and his moral theory to be consistent It raises a basic question about whether or not. . It is noteworthy that the distinction between rules and action Utilitarianism has not yet been introduced in the Mill era. Therefore, Muller should not be blamed if you do not clearly indicate which of the two methods he claims.
The obligation is different; its supporters are John Stuart Mill, Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism has two types. Behavior Utilitarianism and rule Utilitarianism. Utilitarian critics, however, argue that moral theory can explain the severity of certain moral obligations, such as promissory notes obligation. However, Sartorius (1969) argues that behavioral utilitarian claims that the characteristics of moral obligation are based on retrospective consideration - utilitarianism and utilitarianism.
What is the difference between behavioral utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism? Ethics of the 20th century distinguished between the two versions of this theory. Agents that led to the review of "Utilitarianism" calculated only the results of individual behavior. "Rule Utilitarianism" guides the agent to act according to rules, and happiness is maximized if everyone takes action. Mill acknowledges that there is no time to calculate and weigh the effects of behavior on general happiness before each action (Chapter 2, Chapter 24). Therefore, you need to rely on secondary rules. In fact, they rely on secondary rules to express the general experience of what kind of behavior is universally contributing to the history of happy humanity. Therefore, Utilitarianism seems not to be such a revolutionary proposal. Not all general principles pass the Utilitarian standard test.