About Microbiology
[2023-09-24 13:51:25]
Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms. Because there is no nuclear or membrane bound organelles, the cell structure is simpler than other organisms. Instead, they contain a control center for genetic information contained in a single DNA loop. Some bacteria have extra genetic material called plasmids. Plasmids usually contain genes that give bacteria superior advantages over other bacteria. For example, it may contain genes that make bacteria resistant to certain antibiotics.
Bacteria are divided into five groups according to their basic shape: spherical (cocci), rod (rod), spiral (helical), comma (Vibrio) or corkscrew (spiral). They can exist as a single cell in pairs, chains, or clusters.
Every habitat on the earth has bacteria: earth, rock, sea and even the snow of the North Pole. Among other organisms and other organisms, including plant and animal bacterial cells, there are about ten times the amount of human beings. Many of these bacterial cells have been found in the digestive system. Some bacteria live in soil and dead plant matter and they play an important role in the nutrient cycle. There are also types that may cause food corruption or crop damage, but other kinds of foods are very useful for the production of fermented foods such as yoghurt and soy sauce. A relatively small number of bacteria are parasites and pathogens that cause disease in animals and plants.
Bacteria multiply through bipartition. In this process, the bacterium is a single cell that is divided into two identical daughter cells. When bacterial DNA is divided into two (repeat), bisection will start. The bacterial cells then elongate and divide into two daughter cells, each of which has the same DNA as the parent cell. Each daughter cell is a clone of the parent cell
Some bacteria such as Escherichia coli may divide every 20 minutes if conditions such as proper temperature and nutrients are good. This means that in just 7 hours, bacteria can produce 2,097,152 bacteria. After 1 hour, the number of bacteria increases to a huge number of 16, 777, 216. This is why we get sick as soon as pathogenic microbes invade our bodies.
Some bacteria can form endospores. These are dormant structures that are extremely resistant to extreme physical and chemical conditions such as heat, ultraviolet radiation and disinfectants. This makes it very difficult to destroy them. Many endogenous bacteria are annoying pathogens. For example, Bacillus anthracis is responsible for anthrax.
From this, I was interested in unicellular creatures such as ameba and algae. I want to know why cells are alive. I began to read microbiology. Most single cell organisms have many things in common. They eat, breed, excrete, grow, and have cell bodies. But do these functions really need to mark something as a creature? What? Ok, see the virus. There is no cell body. They are not active until they find live cells like other bacteria and other cells. Whether they should be called livelihood is not clear. There are many articles that call viruses particles. Since viruses contain genetic material, they can not be called abiotic. They hijacked the cell and copied it. This is where we deal with the area of gray living. Finally, when will chemistry become biochemistry? What is the threshold? Why does a particular protein replicate?
Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms of single cells (multicellular), multicellular (cell colony) or cells (lacking cells). The field of microbiology is divided into pure science and applied science. On the global scale, new professions are bacteriology, virology, immunology, applied microbiology, microbiology biotechnology, medical microbiology, food and dairy microbiology, veterinary medicine and agricultural microbiology. Combining microbiology with other disciplines such as education, business, journalism etc. will give you a wider range of career choices. These professional choices include high school education, scientific sale