Descartes’ Arguments for the Existence of Body as Distinct from the Mind and His Justifications to Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia
[2023-06-02 08:58:20]
Two years after Descartes' meditation on the first philosophy, Princess Elizabeth in Bohemia wrote about the relationship between the unimportant soul and the body - especially how nonphysical things produced the physical effect. She is neither the first nor the last to cast doubt on the practical application of Descartes dualism but her doubt led to the most comprehensive attempt to answer this question. In this article, I study Descartes' discussion on the physical and mental differences, outlines Elizabeth's objections and suggested solutions, and that Descartes's response to Elizabeth is not enough to solve believe
Even in studies of mind philosophy, cognitive science, neuroscience, etc., we use Descartes' heart and body dualism as a foil. This usage is rooted in the criticism advocated by Princess Bohemian Elizabeth (1618 - 1680). She believes that when Descartes considers the real distinction between physique and body, they believe that causal interaction is impossible. After all, causal interaction can be achieved through contact; things like the body touch each other through their surface. But unless they spread, the heart can not have a surface, so the body can not touch the heart, and vice versa.
Make an agenda for discussion of thought and body relationship after that. Descartes believes that thinking and body are different "substances". He believes that the body spreads in space and can not be thought of as a substance that you can feel or think about; on the contrary, thinking is an unthinkable, unthinkable, and undetectable substance. However, it is not easy to understand how they can cause and influence when thoughts and bodies are substances of completely different origin. Princess Elizabeth in Bohemia strongly emphasized him with a letter of 1643:
In 1644, Descartes published "principles of philosophy" that summarized his physics and metaphysics. He dedicated this work to Elizabeth Stewart who developed him and his moral philosophy, Princess Elizabeth (1618-79), the daughter of the Queen of Bohemia. According to Descartes, human beings is a combination of Descartes' philosophical principle (1644; philosophical principle) and shows a deep understanding of the Cartesian system. Spinoza generally accepted Descartes 'physics but he rejected Descartes' metaphysics and opposed the three features.
Descartes believes that not only can the body be independent of the mind, it can exist even independently. This argument is based on an analysis of the reasons of his physical concept. He thought of four possible reasons: his thoughts, other thoughts, gods or bodies. Well, this idea shows what you can extend to him. Obviously, if the essence of his thought is the cause of thinking, that idea reverses its reasons - since thought is not extended. The same analysis applies to any other heart and god. People believe that what is expressed by this idea is expanded, and such ideas are clear and clear and, unless the things (reasons) that it represents are extended, God gives deceivers Will be. But God is not a fraudster (established with the third and fourth meditation). Therefore, impulses are reliable