(63 BCE - 313 CE)
[2023-06-11 21:25:13]
When the Romans superseded Seleucas as a great country in the area, they restricted King Hasmonas King Hasmonus II under the rule of Roman Governor of Damascus. The Jews were hostile to the new regime and witnessed a frequent rebellion in the following years. Mattathias Antigonus tried to restore the glory of the last Hasmonean dynasty, its defeat and death ended the Hasmonean rule (40 BC), and the land became the state of the Roman Empire
In 37 BC, Herod was the son-in-law of Hurukanus II who was appointed by the Romans as the king of the Jews. He enjoys almost unlimited autonomy in domestic circumstances and became one of the most powerful prince in the eastern Roman Empire. As a worshiper of the culture of Greece and Rome, Herod started a large-scale architectural plan including Hilton and Masada's fortress as well as cities like Caesarea and Sebast. He also rebuilt the temple as one of the most magnificent buildings at the time. But despite many accomplishments, Herod did not yet gain his trust and support for the Jewish theme.
10 years after Herod's death (4 BC), the Jews were managed directly by Rome. More and more people are angry with the repression of Jewish lives by the Romans, leading to sporadic violence that caused complete resistance at the AD 66. A senior Roman army led by Titus won and defeated Jerusalem to the ground (70 AD), beating Masada's last Jewish outpost (AD 73).
The complete destruction of Jerusalem and the temple is disastrous for the Jews. According to contemporary historian Josephus Flavius, thousands of Jews were murdered in siege in other places in the country, including Jerusalem, and thousands were sold as slaves.
The last short period of the sovereignty of the ancient Jews, after the rebellion of Simon Bar Kovva (132 AD), during which Jerusalem and the Jews regained their deaths. However, given the overwhelming power of the Romans, the result is inevitable. Three years later, according to Roman customs, Jerusalem was "plowed by calves", the Jews were renamed Palaestinia, Jerusalem, Aelia Capitolina.
The temple was destroyed and Jerusalem was burned, but the Jews and Judaism survived the encounter with Rome. The best legislative and judicial institution, Sanhedrin (the successor to the Israeli Parliament Hagedolah) was convened in Yavneh (70 AD) and then convened in Tiberias. Without the unified framework of the country and the temple, the remaining small Jewish community gradually recovered from time to time by returning to exiles. The life of the system and the community was updated, and the pastor was replaced by the rabbis. And as evidenced by the remnants of synagogues discovered in Capernaum, Korazin, Balaam, Gamla etc, the Jewish church has become the focus of the Jewish settlements. Haraka (Jewish Religious Law) is a common bond between Jews and has been inherited from generation to generation.
Caesar Augustus (27 BC - 14 AD) is the first and most famous Roman Emperor. Augustus was born in Gaius Octavius Turinus on 23rd September BC. Octavian was hired by his uncle Julius Caesar in 44 BC and was later named Gaius Julius Caesar. When he was known as Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus, in the year 27 BC the Senate gave him the respected Augustus ("the outstanding man"). As this person has experienced many names in his life, Octavius is said to be common when referring to events between 63 and 44 BC. Sidu concerns the events from 27 BC to 2 BC. He passed away in the year 14 AD. However, between 44 BC and 27 BC, Octavian himself never chose that name, but he kept in close contact with his uncle and chose to use the same name. The decision encouraged Mark Anthony's famous accusations recorded by Cicero, "You, boy, your name owes to everything"
Strabo (63 BC - 24 BC) is an important representative of the Greek-Roman tradition combining geography and history, showing the descriptive history of the people and places he knew at the time. Livie (59 BC - 17 AD) recorded the emer