The Rise of Macedon and the Conquests of Alexander the Great
[2023-10-07 11:12:01]
In the first half of the 4th century BC, Greek polar or city state maintained autonomy right. Since each city state is inclined to its own interests, controversy frequently occurs and temporary alliances between hostile factions arise. Philip II (northern Greece) of Macedonia, a special character, held power in 360 B.C. In less than a decade, he beat the nearby enemies of Macedonia, the Elyrians and the Pioneers in the west and the northwest, and most of the Thracians in the north and northeast. Philip II carried out extensive reforms both at home and abroad. Innovative and refined catapults and envelopes, and new types of infantry are equipped with large spears, each called sarissa, and the military is at the forefront of military technology. In 338 BC, in the important battle of Chaeronea at Boeotia, Philip II completed the final stage of his reign when he became an obvious Greek ruler. When he was assassinated in 336 BC, his Asian war plan was shortened. You can see vibrant mural paintings and decorative art created for the royal family of Macedonia, the center of Greek culture, excavated at the tomb of the royal family of Vergina in northern Greece.
In Alexander the Great era (336 - 323 BC), the face of Europe and Asia will change forever (10.132.1; 55.11.11). As a prince, he accepted the best education of the Macedonian court under the guidance of the famous Mentor Aristotle. At the age of 20, Alexander was already a charismatic and decisive leader, he soon used the Macedonian army, and his father's reform became the main military force of the region. In 334 BC, he led a large army through Asia's Hellespont. There are about 43,000 infantry and 5,500 cavalry, the most difficult military expedition to leave Greece. Alexander who first arrived in the land of Asia landed, threw a spear in the country, and called the mainland "spear won". In an extraordinary battle that lasted 11 years, he conquered the Persian Empire in West Asia and Egypt, continued to input Central Asia in the Indus Valley and kept realizing his claim. Eventually, he was defeated by his own army who claimed to return to Greece. On the way home, when he was 33, he died of heat in Babylon. It was these political divisions that all the land he conquered was divided by their general (52.127.4) and during the Hellenistic era (323 - 31 BC) they constituted many kingdoms.
With the rise of Macedonia and the conquest by Alexander the Great, classical Greece entered the Hellenistic era. Greek became a cultural exchanges between the common language far beyond Greek, Persian, the kingdom of Israel and the kingdom of Judah, Central Asia and Egypt. Science (geography, astronomy, mathematics etc.) has made great progress, especially for the followers of Aristotle (Aristotle). The republican era of ancient Rome began with overthrow of the monarchy. In 509 B.C. it continued for more than 450 years until a series of civil war, overturning the main forms of government and empire. During the half a century of the Republic, Rome rose from Lazio's regional power to dominant power in Italy and elsewhere. The unification of Italy under Roman hegemony is a gradual process revealed in the series of conflicts of Samnight war, Latin war, and Pyrric war during the 4th and 3rd centuries.
Alexander III of Macedonia, often called Alexander the Great, is one of the most legendary people in our history and world history. His conquest and effort underwent a wide range of reactions, bringing new eras and ideas to the world. Alexander acquired his position in world history, and deserves his military power, idealism and heritage. During his life and reign, Alexander broke many kings and warlords everywhere in the ancient world, fought many wars, and won. Perhaps his most recognized conquest is that 'King of the kings' Darius III in the fight between Persian Achaemenid Empire and Issus 1. After breaking Persians at battle ... show more