Xenograft Bone Transplantation Method

INTRODUCTION The term "backbone" refers to a group of materials that play an important role in the human body (Bauer, Thomas W. MD, PhD and Muschler 2000). They provide physical support for the formation of the exoskeleton of vertebrates. They can move, support and protect delicate parts of the body, but they can also work as a reservoir for ions and lipids (Lutton, Read and Trau 2001). A very complex composite material consisting of type 1 collagen surrounded by the presence of calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite, Hap (Ca 10 (PO 4) 6)

The concept of xenogeneic (porcine-human) transplantation is called xenotransplantation and the transplanted organ or tissue is called xenotransplant. The first human xenograft heart transplant was performed using chimpanzee heart in 1964 (2). Thomas Starzl made his first chimpanzee - human liver transplant in 1966. In 1992, he did a human liver transplant. In both cases, xenograft survival was short due to graft rejection. Immunosuppressive drugs are not sufficient to prevent immune response to xenografts

The first xenotransplantation was said to have occurred in the 1680s when dog bones were said to have been successfully transplanted to repair Russian aristocratic skulls. Xenotransplantation became more systematic scientific research until the 1960s, xenotransplantation and xenotransplantation were not just trial and error. The first xenotransplant in the United States in 1963, the kidney was transplanted into 6 patients, 6 patients survived for up to 98 days and in 1964 was transplanted to 12 patients in the United States. Most of these patients failed to transplant within 2 months after transplantation, but one patient survived for 9 months. Like the kidneys, chimpanzee hearts are transplanted into one patient and the patient lasts only for 2 hours after surgery. The liver of chimpanzees has also been transplanted to children, but these do not survive for a long time and survive for up to two weeks.

There are various kinds of bone marrow transplant. Transplanted cells from patients, allografts, transplanted cells from donors may or may not be homologous, and transplanted cells are derived from the same twin (allogeneic). The type and severity of the disease will determine whether the patient should receive a bone marrow transplant. A patient can become her own marrow donor (autologous) only if the disease is alleviated, or if the bone marrow such as breast cancer or ovarian cancer is not involved in the condition being treated. Bone marrow is removed from the patient before transplantation and any remaining abnormal cells are removed