Why We're Not Always Tongue-Tied

Talking may seem easy, but requires complex muscle dancing in the lips, chin, tongue and sound box. In the new research, the brain activity pattern controlling these fine movements has been clarified, and basically people are no longer bound by their own tongue.

Today (February 20) researchers reported online to Nature magazine, various sounds of American English were created by combining a series of actions. In this study, scientists record neuronal activity in the brain called the sensory motor cortex, perceive the motor cortex to regulate muscle movement, people emit various syllables. Researchers use the brain placed on the surface of the brain to measure brain activity as part of clinical treatment of epilepsy

The results show that the activity patterns of a number of cells correspond to several speech features spatially and temporally.

Essentially, scientists mapped the somatic sensory cortex of the brain to specific facial and oral cavity parts, and Nicho Hatsopoulos, a computational neuroscientist at the University of Chicago, did not participate in this study, I talked to LiveScience. In addition, Mr. Hatsopoulos said that the timing of activities in various brain regions is very important. "Activities can be confirmed in parts that may represent lips and tongues, of which other areas become active."

The resulting brain activity is like a well-tuned orchestra, each instrument part producing a specific sound that is adjusted to produce the entire Symphony.

Researchers' mapping of various vocal cord regions in the brain reflects the layout of the vocal tract. They found an extra area representing a speech box (throat) that does not exist in non-human primates. Researchers say the area may be a unique human language occupation

Previous studies have shown that speaking can not be obtained by merely stimulating a part of the brain. Instead, new research confirms that speech requires coordinated activities of many different neurons.

The speech function found in this survey is not inherent in English but it defines many other languages ​​and suggests that humans evolved to have these characteristics. Fine tuning the audio function further can provide sounds specific to different languages.

In addition to helping to understand how the brain works, Hatsopoulos said that this research eventually could lead to the development of the brain - computer interface.

The last story, "Barbarians' lead pipe songs" is Kingston talking about mother's tongue, that is to say about fanaticism. "You can pronounce everything" (164). This story was set at Kingston's elementary school. In "a woman without a name", the story itself was spoken by Kingston's mother, but after talking about the story Kingston continued tangent to herself and I wondered what her aunt was. She remembered her mother talking about the story and everything he was thinking at that time. But at the end of this chapter she returned us to the present, and talked about her real aunt's punishment. "It is not a surprise attack, but the family has not forgotten her.

Two years ago Margaret O'Neill took her five-year-old daughter to Colorado Children's Hospital. Such a situation is actually called "binding of tongue", making it difficult for girls to give out "sound". According to the Health Care Cost Institute, surgical ear piercing is rare and the laboratory is a non-profit organization that maintains a database of commercial health claims. Laboratories can only find dozens of potential cases each year in its massive billing data cache. However, O'Neal's case is an example of so-called excessive use of medical waste.