Why Silicon Valley Integrated Photonics?

Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Why Silicon Integrated Photonics. Gordon Moore observed in 1965 (now known as the Moore's Law) that the number of transistors on an integrated circuit has doubled every two years, as it continues to promote the electronics industry It is an index of [1]. From 1965's 30 transistor devices to today's high-end microprocessors, integrated circuits have grown dramatically, with more than 500 million transistors integrated on nail-sized silicon chips.

+ Integrated photonics. With the latest development of nanostructures, metamaterials, and silicon waveguides, integrated photonics will have a major impact on the development of space-based laser communications. Lithography for creating photonic integrated circuits (PIC) - similar to CMOS technology but photonic components replace electrical traces - because PIC can print as a whole, size, quality, power and especially You can achieve 1 / 100th reduction in cost

Development of silicon lasers is important in the field of optical computing. Since silicon is an optimal material for integrated circuits, electronic components and silicon photonic components (such as optical interconnects) can be fabricated on the same chip. Unfortunately, silicon is a difficult-to-handle laser material because it has certain characteristics that impede laser radiation. Recently, however, the team has developed a method for manufacturing silicon (eg, indium phosphide (III) or gallium arsenide (III)) by a method such as manufacturing a laser material from silicon and other semiconductor materials that can generate coherent light from silicon Laser. These are called hybrid silicon lasers. Recent developments also showed that optical interconnects using monolithically integrated nanowire lasers directly on silicon have paved the way for chip level applications.

A CCD (Charge Coupled Device) is an integrated circuit etched on a silicon surface. Thereby, a photosensitive element pixel is formed. Light falls on this surface as photons and generates electric charge. The analog-to-digital converter converts the value of each pixel to a digital copy to create an image. There are many reasons to choose a CCD camera for astrophotography. Compared with digital single lens reflex cameras, CCD cameras are sensitive to up to 50 times the light. This makes it possible to shoot at a slower shutter speed in order to eliminate unnecessary stair marks more appropriately. They have a much better dynamic range, they can have a built-in boot chip to help you navigate the stars