Why is Hubel and Wiesel's Description of the Classical Receptive Field Inadequate for an Understanding of Visual Perception?

Studies of Hubel and Wiesel in the V1 area of ​​the primary visual cortex provide an initial explanation of the field of mammalian receptive fields. By blinking various lines along the sensory area, Hubel and Wiesel could divide cortical neurons into two different groups, simple and complex (Hubel & Wiesel, 1963). Manually mapping receptive fields using simple points, lines and edges not only finds them alignment adjustment in individual neurons, it also has an eye superiority in the cerebral cortex and a columnar structure of direction preference It means to explain.

Two researchers at Harvard University, Hubel, David - (1926 -) and Torsten Wiesel (1924 -), received the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in information processing in the visual system. By recording the impulses of individual brain cells from cats and monkeys, Hubel and Wiesel showed that the specialized cells of the mammalian brain respond to the complex visual characteristics of the environment. James, William - (1842-1910) American philosopher and psychologist. James thinks that emotional experience comes from physical expression. For example, according to his view, people are very sad because they cry. Another researcher, Carl Lange (1834-1900) independently proposed the same emotional theory. The theory of James Lange was published in 1884 and James's iconic "principles of psychology" was published in 1890. He also wrote two other important work, the diversity of religious experience and pragmatism.

In the 1960's, David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel demonstrated the macroscopic columnar structure of the visual region of cats and monkeys and provided physiological evidence for the critical period of differential sensitivity development (ie, the main clue to depth perception) Did. Awarded the Nobel Prize. In 1996, Dolly was born as the first mammal cloned from adult cells. The process of cloning sheep Dolly uses a process called nuclear transplant applied by lead researcher Ian Wilmut. Other scientists can not immediately reproduce the experiment, but Wilmut thinks that the experiment is certainly reproducible given the period of more than a year.