White Dwarfs

The stars burning by white dwarfs (such as the sun) are balanced by the balance of radiation pressure and gravity. As hydrogen burns, the stars experience some change, during which the mass decreases by half. If the mass of the star is smaller than the critical value (called the Chandresekhar limit), after the discovere this reduction to a smaller size is hampered by a quantum mechanical effect called degeneration. If the mass is greater than this value, the pressure generated by the electronic de-icer is not sufficient to prevent the gravity from collapsing to neutron star or black hole.

The white dwarf is the size of our planet, but the quality and density are much bigger. Compared to the Earth, white dwarfs are so dense that one teaspoon of material from a white dwarf will weigh up to 5.5 metric tons on the surface of the earth! The universe imposes restrictions on the life of a white dwarf. A neutron star is a very dense degenerate neutron sphere (all accepted particles, electrons or neutron states are filled and gases behave differently than normal gases). Some neutron stars have a huge magnetic field that sweeps the beam of radiation into space like a light beam from the lighthouse. This pulsating neutron star is called a pulsar. This measurable radiation pulse is the name of this type of neutron star.

In the middle of 2016, the new observation results of a specific object indicated that it was abnormal. The binary system behaves like a pulsar - there is no neutron star! This object is an AR Scorpii consisting of a red dwarf and a white dwarf. The red dwarf is a star somewhat similar to our sun, but the quality is much smaller. They can be lighter, colder, darker and longer, and they are probably the most common types of stars in the universe. The star closest to the solar system, Proxima Centauri, is actually a red dwarf. A white dwarf is a star - if you want it is a dead star. It no longer favors itself through nuclear fusion but instead the degenerative pressure of densely packed electrons is balanced with gravity. The binary white dwarfs do interesting things and even become ancestral supernova's ancestors, but AR Scorpii is the first known white dwarf like Parser.