What is the basic idea behind the twisted pair? Why are the two wires twisted? How does this arrangement compensate undesirable disturbances?

We must anticipate that the current discussion must be consistent with all voltage arguments. Thanks to the right hand rule to reduce crosstalk, the distortion of the conductor mainly compensates for the magnetic field around each conductor, and the removal of the common mode voltage (and current) is a differential characteristic. Input circuit instead of wiring distortion

At frequencies up to about 1 GHz, the pair of wires are twisted together in the cable to form a twisted pair. This reduces losses due to electromagnetic radiation and inductive coupling. Twisted pairs must be used with a balanced signal system so that the two wires are equal but flow opposite current. Each wire of a twisted pair sends a signal, but it is effectively offset by radiation from other wires and there is little radiation loss. For convenience, coaxial cable is commonly used for audio and higher frequencies. The coaxial cable has a conductive wire in a conductive tube separated by a dielectric layer. The current flowing through the surface of the inner conductor is equal and opposite to the current flowing through the inner surface of the outer tube. Therefore, the electromagnetic field is completely confined within the tube and (ideally) there is no coupling of radiation or energy loss outside the tube. A small loss coaxial cable that is acceptable at frequencies up to about 5 GHz

Twisted pair wiring using a ubiquitous "RJ - 45" 8P8C modular connector is a method of eliminating wiring by twisting a pair of wires (front side of one circuit and return conductor). Electromagnetic interference (EMI) other pairs and external sources of information. This type of cable is used in home and enterprise Ethernet networks. Twisted pair is used for short wiring, long wiring is used for structured wiring. An Ethernet crossover cable is a twisted pair Ethernet cable that connects computing devices directly, usually through a router such as a network switch, an Ethernet hub, or a network adapter that directly connects two personal computers. Since most Ethernet devices currently support Auto MDI-X, it does not matter whether you use a crossover cable or a straight cable.