What is a Bose-Einstein condensate?

Bose-Einstein condensation is a phenomenon occurring at low temperature in a system consisting of a large number of bosons, the total number of which is preserved during collision. Superfluid is used to describe phenomena that allows most particles to occupy a single quantum state. The same phenomenon does not occur for two or more fermions. It is forbidden to occupy the same quantum state by poly exclusion principle.

This property of bringing a group of bosons to the same quantum state to make them as one entity was completed in 1995 by a physicist at the Institute of Astrophysics Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado. They successfully cooled approximately 2,000 helium atoms to 170 nanokeys (one billionth of a billion higher than absolute Kelvin), where they formed Bose-Einstein condensates smaller than 100 microns. The condensate lasted about 15 seconds and cooled to 20 millimeters. If this technique can be extended to large aggregates, a single Δ quantum particle will be visible.

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Bose-Einstein condensate was originally proposed by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein between 1924 and 25 years. After 70 years, its existence has been proved. In 1995 Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman made the first Bose-Einstein condensate at the University of Colorado. MIT's Cornell, Wieman, Wolfgang Ketterle received the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics. Normally, to get enough coolness to condense Bose Einstein, you first need to capture them with a magnet and then take away all the energy by emitting a laser from them. This is not cool enough yet. Some particles will still bounce off in many places, and only some will lie down well. Then slowly decelerate the magnetic field and let out faster bouncing particles. This will leave us the coldest and slowest atoms

In 1924, Albert Einstein and Saturnra Nat Boss forecast "Bose-Einstein Condensation" (BEC). This is also called the fifth material state. In BEC, substances stop folding as independent particles and fold into a single quantum state that can be represented by a single uniform wave function. In the gas phase, the Bose-Einstein condensate is a theoretical prediction not proven for many years. In 1995, Eric Cornell at the University of Colorado Boulder and Carl Wieman's research team at JILA created such an initial condensate. Bose Einstein condensate is "cooler" than solid. This occurs when atoms have very similar (or identical) quantum levels at temperatures very close to absolute zero (-273.15 ° C).

The fifth state is called Bose Einstein condensation. Bose - Einstein Condensation (BEC) is a substance state of Boson dilution gas that cools to a temperature very close to absolute zero (that is, very close to 0 K or 273.14 ° C). Under these conditions, most bosons occupy the lowest quantum state, at which point macroscopic quantum phenomena become apparent. The sixth state of matter is fermion condensation. Fermion condensation is similar to Bose-Einstein condensation, but it consists of fermion. Pauli's incompatibility principle prevents fermions from entering the same quantum state, but a pair of fermions can behave as a boson, in which case such pairs will have the same quantum You can enter the state.