What did Rutherford discover about the atom? What was its importance?

The famous gold leaf experiment of Ernest Rutherford in 1909 proved that atoms are composed of charged nuclei surrounded by electrons. He published his work in 1911 and explained about his so-called atomic Rutherford model. Although electrons were described before this experiment, Rutherford was the first to describe the existence of small charged nuclei.

After the discovery of Rutherford scientists began to recognize that the atoms eventually consisted of smaller elementary particles rather than single particles. Subsequent studies identified the exact atomic structure leading to the Rutherford gold lehr experiment. Scientists finally discovered that the atom has a nucleus (positively charged) centered on the center (the exact number of atoms) and the radius is about 2 × 10 -15 m × [atomic mass] 1/3 did. I found that the electrons are even smaller

Rutherford's paper suggests that the atomic center charge is "proportional" to the atomic weight of hydrogen mass unit u (about 1/2 of which is in Rutherford's model). In the case of gold this mass may be 196 (modeled by Rutherford) since it is 197 (which is not very accurate then). However, Rutherford did not attempt to directly associate the central charge with the atomic number. The atomic number of gold (at that time was only the number of bits in the periodic table) was 79, as Rutherford had already simulated the charge as follows: Approximately +100 units (he actually recommends a positive charge of 98 units and halves it to 196). Therefore, Rutherford does not officially propose that these two numbers (periodic table 79, nuclear charge 98 or 100) are identical.

Nelson's first baron Rutherford, Ernesto Rutherford, was a New Zealand chemist, later called "Father of Nuclear Physics". In 1911 he was the first person who discovered that atoms with small charged nuclei were surrounded by most empty spaces and later surrounded by small electrons called atomic Rutherford model (or planet model). He was also praised for discovering the proton of 1919 and assumed the existence of neutrons. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908 because he investigated elemental decomposition and chemical composition of radioactive material.

Rutherford atomic model, also known as atomic or atomic planetary model, was described by the atomic structure of New Zealand - born physicist Ernest Rutherford (1911). In this model, atoms are described as small, dense, positively charged cores called nuclei. Almost all the masses are concentrated in it. Like a planet turning around the sun. Like a series of experiments conducted by undergraduate Ernest Mazden in 1909 under the guidance of Rutherford and German physicist Hans Geiger, the nucleus was small to explain the scattering of alpha particles in thin gold leaf Please assume it is dense. As observed. This source can emit alpha particles (ie particles with the same mass as the ruthenium nucleus and positively charged 7000 times larger than electrons) and are enclosed in protective lead shields.