What collective? Collectivism and relationalism from a Chinese perspective

Individualism and collectivism form the concept of pairing often used for intercultural communication research. However, contradictory discovery of collectivism raised questions to researchers about their intercultural applicability, especially the meaning of "collectiveness". By definition, "collective" refers to a large group that associates members through a common identity. However, on a collectivist scale, members of groups are often used as an example to investigate the relationship between respondents and other people. Since these "other" are used to represent "collective", it is not so, the meaning of collectivism is chaotic, its effectiveness and reliability are impaired. The Confucian doctrine is considered as the philosophical basis of collectivism and the East Asian society, especially the Chinese society is often regarded as a typical collectivist culture, so the concept of collectivism is reviewed from the perspective of China There is a need. However, the purpose of this article is not to present the Chinese version of collectivism. Instead, the goal is to clearly distinguish between "collective" and "others" when studying collectivism. Based on detailed analysis of Chinese and Confucian culture and related literature, I believe that the concept of relativism will more closely reflect the relationship between self and others in these societies. In addition, the three-person model of individualism, human relationsism and collectivism will provide a more comprehensive framework for studying self-others relationships in a cross-cultural context.

Individualism - collectivism Lukes (1973) first introduced the structure of collectivism and individualism. Collectivism emphasizes collective groups, emphasizes interdependence, individualism emphasizes personal and independent values ​​(Luke, 1973). In literature review, Triandis (1993) introduced the concept of collectivism and individualism into "cultural syndrome". - ... colony is a means for people to leave the UK and other European countries. These people start a new way of life and they can practice their religion freely. They earn their living for themselves and receive limited interference from their country of origin. During this time in England, the English church was led by Calvinist. A group known as Puritan continued to promote the reform of the English church along the lines of Calvinism "(Wilson)

Individualism and collectivism form the concept of pairing often used for intercultural communication research. However, contradictory discovery of collectivism raised questions to researchers about their intercultural applicability, especially the meaning of "collectiveness". By definition, "collective" refers to a large group that associates members through a common identity. However, on a collectivist scale, members of groups are often used as an example to investigate the relationship between respondents and other people. Since these "other" are used to represent "collective", it is not so, the meaning of collectivism is chaotic, its effectiveness and reliability are impaired. However, the purpose of this article is not to present the Chinese version of collectivism. Instead, the goal is to clearly distinguish between "collective" and "others" when studying collectivism.

In this article, we explore the concept of "individualism" and "collectivism" in the collective labor law. General criticisms on the norm of freedom of association represent characteristics such as "individualism" and "individualism". This individualistic prejudice impairs the system of collective labor relations. "Individualism" criticism usually accompanies the development of another positive discussion on collective labor law based on "collectivism". The "centralized" Labor Law, which includes notice of individual rights, including attention to collective or collective rights, confirms the collective value, the legality measure of the association freedom system is that collective bargaining is an independent labor union To the extent supported by. In this traditional approach, "individualism" and "collectivism" oppose each other. This article is opposed to this double understanding of "individualism" and "collectivism"