What are Fungi?

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Fungi are multiple words of "fungi". Fungus is a eukaryote. Yeasts, fungi and mushrooms are examples of fungi. The study of fungi is called mycology. Like animals, humans, and most bacteria, all fungi are heterotrophic. This means they get energy by eating organic matter. Instead, plants take energy directly from light, so plants are called independent nutrients. Fungi and animals have more in common than plants, but fungi are often considered as a field of botany (plant science).

Most fungi are large enough to be seen by the eyes. However, some are microorganisms, and microbiology research covers microbiology research. Several microscopic fungi such as yeast are used in the food and beverage industry to produce bread, beer and wine. Other fungi are important in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries and are used to produce antibiotics and various enzymes.

Several fungi are used as probiotics. Saccharomyces boulardii is a yeast known as a biotherapeutic drug and is used in clinical trials for the prevention and treatment of intestinal infections and inflammatory bowel diseases. CURR Questionnaire biology (2009) 11: 47-58

Certain types of fungi are pathogenic for animals and plants, including humans. Medically important pathogenic fungi including Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans

Bacteria, viruses, amoeba, and microscopic fungi are classified as microorganisms. Microbiology

Prior to the emergence of the microscope, the organism was divided into two kingdoms, plant and animal. However, this category is not satisfactory - how about fungi? Today, Kingdom taxonomists define a system based on five or six kingdoms (archaebacterium - sixth, Monera, Protoxist, fungi, planter, and the animal kingdom) that do not contain viruses (or prions). Virus is thought to be the boundary between life and non-life. People insist on whether the virus is an organism. Most virologists believe that they are non-living, because they do not meet all the standards for universally accepted definition of life. For example, most viruses do not respond to environmental changes. It is a decisive feature of organisms. In addition, the virus can grow only by infecting the host cell. So they can not copy it yourself

The virus is not alive, they are composed of complex proteins and nucleic acids. Bacteria, fungi and parasites are organisms. 2) Common diseases and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Bacteria can cause food poisoning, ear infections, bronchitis, chest infections and tonsillitis. The virus can cause a cold, influenza, illness, diarrhea and cramps. Fungus can cause ringworm, yeast infections and foot in athletes. Parasites can cause worms, malaria, sleeping disorders.

Let's consider the role of fungi as plant pathogens. There are thousands of phytopathogenic fungi that account for 70% of all plant diseases known together. Although phytopathogenic fungi are parasites, not all plant parasitic fungi are pathogens. What is the difference between parasites and pathogens? Plant parasitic fungi obtain nutrients from living plant hosts, but plant hosts do not necessarily show any symptoms. In this sense, the endophytic bacteria discussed in the previous paragraph are closely related to plants and are plant parasites because they depend on nutrition. Phytopathogenic fungi are parasites and cause diseases characterized by symptoms

Charles, L. M., C. R. Little and C. M. Stiles. 2012 Introduction of fungus Plant health instructor DOI: 10.1094 / PHI-I-2012-0426-01

The combination of fungi and plants is old and various fungi are involved. Fungi are an important combination of plant pathogens - most plant diseases are caused by fungi - but less than 10% of known fungi can settle on living plants (Knogge, 1996). Phytopathogenic fungi represent a relatively small subset of those fungi associated with plants. Most fungi are decomposers that use plants and other organisms residues as a source of food. Other types of associations discussed herein include the role of fungi as disintegrants, as beneficial symbiotics, and as hidden plant settlers known as endophytes.

Charles, L. M., C. R. Little and C. M. Stiles. 2012 Introduction of fungus Plant health instructor DOI: 10.1094 / PHI-I-2012-0426-01