Wester Civilization, 17th Edition: A W. W. Norton StudySpace

The encounters of Native American, European and African people are shaped by the religious, geographical and cultural history of each individual. These factors define the pattern of conquest and colonization, define the process of Latin American history, and change the world forever.

Geography and the environment urged Americans to adopt different forms of social forms.

On the eve of encounter, most Latin Americans are not sitting or living in half-Jews.

Eventually, the colonial American Iberian people were led by the history of conquest and crusades long before crossing the Atlantic Ocean.

Moorish: In 711 Muslims in North Africa, known as Moors, occupied the majority of former Christian ruler peninsula.

For centuries, the Christian kingdom has been pushed back to Iberia, occupying territory, conquering, and converting to population - these actions will be repeated in the Americas.

The Catholic monarchy wipes out non-Catholics and forces Jews and Muslims to convert or emigrate to Iberia

Portuguese began exploration in West Africa after the Portuguese reconquested in the 13th century and returned with gold and slaves.

King Portugal is trying to secure a village by establishing the capital of El Salvador (also called Bahia) and appointing the governor

As slavery in Africa is neither permanent nor inherited, descendants of slaves are reintegrated into a free society.

The slave's profitability in the war has created a momentum of further war between African kingdoms.

"Gold Coast" first brought Portuguese to Africa, and finally Britain, France and the Netherlands joined

Before encountering the Aztec empire, Hernan Cortes interacted with Native American for 15 years.

Moctezuma does not believe that Cortés is the Returning God Quetzalcoatl, but he may believe the Spaniard is supernatural

After the death of the recent emperor and his successor, Pizarro arrived at the power struggle.

The Spaniards have established the environment with existing communities, they have their own indigenous nobility called caciques

Spanish women arrived more frequently mainly after the end of battle, but there were exceptions

In 1973, with feminist and civil rights movement, Vietnam War and her own personal suffering, Rich jumped into WW Norton, a series of explorative, often angry poems that won the National Book in 1974 wrote. Award history: Rich won this award on behalf of all women and shared it with colleagues' candidates Alice Walker and Audre Lorde. Rich has no poetry to serve tonight: Poetry 2007-2010 (WW.Norton & Co., 2010); School in Ruins: Poems 2000-2004 (WW Norton, 2004) etc. We continue to publish poems Early verses Atlas of the difficult world: 1988-1991 poetry (WW Norton, 1991), the finalists of the National Book Awards, and the dream of common languages ​​(WW Norton, 1978)) 1950-1980 (WW Norton, 1993)

W. W. Norton. In 1971, she studied at Warburg College in London and received a master's degree in comparative literature in 1974. Cliff returned to New York and worked as an editor of WW Norton until 1979. In other areas, including her hometown of Jamaica, differences in cultures and attitudes towards race are rich and painful materials. Cliff edited a series of works by Southern Caucasian reformer Lilian Smith. The title "The Age of the Winners" was published in 1978. In her own first published book, "Declare they despise my rebellion (1980)", Cliff explores the difficulty of growing to the limits of society in a series of prose poetry . In New York and Jamaica, the heritage of colonialism created a complex class system based on color.