The first step to teach me how to think critically about how students constitute discussions and explanations for me is to implement the Statement, Evidence, and Inference (CER) framework. The premise behind the CER is not a new approach that science teachers have already considered, but a completely different approach, that is how students relate their experiences to what they have learned before. Although it may be inferable from the content name itself, applying the CER framework to interpretation and discussion is as follows.
As an example of how CER supports reading and understanding of text, I asked students to read a recent article on how cell membrane proteins are related to pain. This is a short article that students can read quickly (about 10 minutes). Create a CER chart, check the speech contents, list the evidence, and ask them to explain why the evidence is correct. All aspects of
Inference is most challenging for both students and teachers. Inference explains why certain evidence is correct evidence to support a specific assertion. Inference usually involves describing scientific knowledge or theory about specific assertions or evidence, or scientific principles mentioned in IQWST. These principles are not for students, but for "understanding" through their own research and class discussion. Inference requires that students clarify the steps they think and present logic from evidence to assertion. An example of a critical explanation helps students to recognize the components and their needs. They will soon learn to identify missing or less expressed content - it is usually a good starting point because they find it easier to build their own interpretation.