Water, Agriculture and Food: Challenges and Issues

Increase in population, increased food demand, intensified competition in water, decline in supply reliability, climate change and climate uncertainty and drought, declining major ecosystem services, land use competition, regulatory environment change and participation Reduced water governance increases the difficulty and challenges of agricultural and food water management. The need for global population for sustainable food security, the need to protect the environment, nature and artificial ecosystems and landscapes, focuses on irrigation and natural water management at all levels, integrated participation Increasing the need for types and extensible solutions. From field crops to catchment basins and basin scale. At the same time, the issues and problems related to agriculture and edible water management have changed dramatically in the past 30 years and their dynamics are the key to ensuring the sustainability of water, so actively The role of management becomes increasingly important. Although agricultural and natural ecosystems are mainly sustainable, there are specific environmental problems related to the water shortage, climate, governance and population needs for each region. The main first challenge is to produce enough food for population growth. This is closely related to agricultural water management, chiefly on irrigation management issues. This article focuses on irrigated agriculture, mainly water management, food security and contribution to the welfare of rural communities, and corrects the problems and progress that occurred in the past 30 years.

The influence on agricultural environment includes various factors such as soil, water, air, animals, soil types, people, plants, food themselves and so on. Some of the environmental problems associated with agriculture are climate change, deforestation, genetic engineering, irrigation problems, pollutants, soil degradation and waste. Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which are done on a global scale. Global warming is expected to have a major impact on conditions affecting agriculture, including temperature, precipitation and glacier runoff. These conditions determine the capacity of the biosphere to produce enough food for humans and livestock. Elevated carbon dioxide levels also have a detrimental and beneficial effect on crop yields.

The integration of issues such as climate change, population growth, energy supply, water shortage, etc. is putting pressure on the world food system and its scale has not been solved so far. The aim of agricultural science and technology is to provide solutions to these threats to the global food security.

In the last article, I explained some issues on agriculture and water use in California. Despite the lack of water resources, California is still a large-scale agricultural supplier and the majority of its business is concentrated in the Central Valley. Regarding California's agriculture and water use, it is impossible not to deal with exhaustion of groundwater. Groundwater is located under the surface of the outermost layer of the Earth and is stored in rock formations commonly called aquifers. It is relatively easy to concentrate wells into the aquifer and pump fresh water from underground. But this is no longer the case in the United States. Groundwater is what you call common interests and resources, which means that if you dig well in your land, you can extract it freely. However, excessive dependence on this water source has proved to be problematic. The Central Valley is a perfect example of everything that goes wrong with drawing underground water.