Variations in Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms

A study of variants of cytokine gene polymorphisms among healthy ethnic groups (Hoffmann et al., 2002 and affected individuals are aware of the susceptibility and morbidity profile of diseases that can affect a particular ethnic group, and the prognosis, (Costeas et al, 2003; Trejaut et al, 2004) This study described the allele frequencies of 10 cytokine polymorphisms in 7 genes, including IL-1β . IL - 10 - 819, IL - 10 - 1082 and IL - 10 - 819 and IL - 10 - 819 and IL - TNF-α.

Polymorphism is a normal mutation of a gene encoding an important protein that builds the body and its function. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common type of genetic variation. The specific polymorphisms required to form LHPA axis-related structures (CRH and glucocorticoid receptor) seemed to alleviate the effects of child abuse on the risk of neurosis and adult depression in children . The brain type 1 CRH receptor (CRHR1) exists throughout the brain, and when it is activated it causes symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Several mutations (polymorphisms) in the MTHFR gene are associated with increased risk of neural tube defects, a group of birth defects that occur during the development of the brain and spinal cord. Brain malformations are one of the most common types of neural tube defects. The affected individual lacks most of the brain and lacks or does not completely form the skull. The best studied polymorphism associated with neural tube defects alters a single DNA component (nucleotide) of the MTHFR gene. Specifically, it replaced nucleotide cytosine with 677 nucleotides thymine (denoted 677 C> T). This common variant leads to methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in a form that decreases activity at higher temperatures (poor heat).

Researchers studied MTHFR gene polymorphism in patients with neural tube defects and their mothers, but it is unclear how these mutations affect the developing brain and spinal cord. Increased risk of neural tube defects may be related to differences in the ability of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase to treat folate, the lack of this vitamin is an established risk factor for neural tube defects. MTHFR gene polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects, but these mutations are common to many people all over the world. Most people with MTHFR gene polymorphisms do not have neural tube defects and their children are usually unaffected. The change in the MTHFR gene is only one of many genetic and environmental factors that are considered to contribute to these complicated conditions.