Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that causes insulin dependence due to secretion of hormone insulin by beta cells of the pancreas. Type 1 diabetes usually develops in childhood under the age of 20 years - the cause is called juvenile diabetes, which is more common in Caucasians than in other races (Diabetes Basics, n.d.). The key to proper management is early detection, patient education, and most importantly patient compliance. Patients often present with multiple symptoms, the most common being 3P - polyuria, polydipsia and bulimia.

According to etiology, diabetes is divided into type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, latent autoimmune diabetes, puberty maturity diabetes and other causes. Diagnosis is based on A1C values, fasting blood glucose or random blood glucose levels, or oral glucose tolerance test measurements. Despite contradictory guidelines, most people believe that patients with hypertension or hyperlipidemia should be screened for diabetes. Diabetes risk calculation tool has high negative predictive value and helps to identify patients who are unlikely to be suffering from diabetes. To determine the type of diabetes and to continue to require insulin, tests that reflect beta cell functions, such as C-peptide levels, and markers of immune-mediated beta cell destruction (eg, pancreatic islet cells, insulin, glutamate itself )It is included. antibody). Decarboxylase, tyrosine phosphatase). Antibody detection is limited by availability, cost, and forecast values

Type 2 diabetes mellitus can usually be distinguished from type 1 diabetes based on medical history and physical exam results, as well as simple laboratory tests (see Exam: Type 2 diabetes and type 1 diabetes examination). Type 2 diabetic patients are usually obese and may have hypertrophy and / or hirsutism with thick neck and chub cheek