Translating Dosage Compensation to Trisomy 21

Down syndrome is common in the United States. According to Gould and Dyer (2011), Down's syndrome is an example of trisomy because there are three chromosomes and 21 is two chromosomes. This means that Down's syndrome people have a total of 47 chromosomes instead of the original 46 chromosomes. Physical characteristics are the effect of trisomy 21 syndrome. 21 The effect of trisomy may cause defects in physical and mental development. Down syndrome was originally called specificity, but now it is more commonly Down syndrome.

Trisomy is the most common aneuploidy. In trisomy, there are extra chromosomes. The general trisomy is trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). Other trisomies include 13 trisomy (Patau syndrome) and 18 trisomy (Edwards syndrome). Monosomy is another type of aneuploidy in which the missing chromosome is present. Common monosomy is a Turner syndrome in which female X chromosome is missing or damaged. Autosomal dominant disease is caused only by the parent's defective gene. "Allogeneic" means that the defective gene is located on any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (X or Y). If one parent has this gene, each couple's child has 50% likelihood of inheriting the disease. An example of autosomal dominant disease is Huntington's disease.

Down syndrome is a hereditary disorder caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21. Down syndrome is a common chromosomal abnormality in human mental retardation. It is caused by three types of chromosomal abnormalities, free trisomy 21, translocation Down syndrome and mosaic down syndrome. Most patients with Down's syndrome experience neuropathology like Alzheimer's disease, such as dementia, neurofibrillary tangles. Genes containing SOD-1, DSCR1, APP gene and S100B on chromosome 21 are deeply involved in the relationship between Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. In addition to the genes involved, other factors such as oxidative stress and hormones are also described in this review.