Transition From Empire to Modern State System in the Middle East

INTRODUCTION: The Middle East is considered to be one of the most studied areas in the world due to its rich political, social, economic, cultural and civilized history. Its boundary line is still geographically controversial and generally starts from Morocco in the west to Iran on the east side, but many people do not agree to include Turkey as the Middle East and European countries (Milton -Edwards, 2006. P .: 4). Origin of this name was invented by colonies and is a necessary condition to explain the geographical position, which is the era when "Middle East" is academic papers and political scientists' words.

The modern Middle East began after the First World War and the Ottoman Empire, which had been allied with the central government, was defeated by the Empire of the Empire and its allies and was initially divided into several independent countries that belonged to the British and French duties It was. Other critical events in this transition include the establishment of Israel in 1948 and the final departure of European powers in the latter half of the 1960s, especially in the UK and France. They depend to some extent on the increase in US influence since the 1970s.

After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after the aftershock of World War I, the young elite appeared in a new state in the Middle East. These new rulers adopted a modern system that ends the ancient combination of tradition and religion in domestic politics, such as the Caliphate Empire (where the Turkish Kemal Atatlk was abolished in 1924). However, although these leaders are in the form of modernization, they reproduce the culture of the ancient Ottoman Empire. In today's Middle East there are many complex police who received military assistance. • Despite decades of modernization efforts, the majority of Muslim countries are civil society weak, military and powerful places.

There is no better example than the world's largest ancient Roman Empire. At its summit, the Roman Empire came across the Mediterranean from the western European Atlantic coast and entered the modern Middle East extending vertically from North Africa to Germany and Eastern Europe / Central Europe wilderness. In each region, they conquered and subsequently dominated, and the Romans met people of different and different religious beliefs. However, Rome suffers from a religious rebellion. The boundaries of the empire lie outside the "barbarians", while the strict Roman rule leads to internal conflict, most of Rome's internal governance crisis is not related to religion.