To Clone or Not to Clone Part 2

The term cloned or not cloned causes strong emotions in the eyes of American people. This is a controversial topic that is often causing international turmoil. The term clone is defined as an individual formed by a specific asexual process, so it is genetically identical to an existing individual or a previously existing individual (Barnes). However, there are three different types of clones: reproductive clones, recombinant DNA clones, and therapeutic clones.

It is important to understand that there are three types of clones: (1) recombinant DNA technology, (2) reproductive cloning, and (3) therapeutic cloning. Please note that the same technique is used for both reproductive and therapeutic cloning. The only difference is to do on the resulting embryo. Therefore, some people prefer to use slightly cumbersome terms "cloning for reproductive purposes" and "cloning for therapeutic or research purposes". Reproductive cloning is used to produce organisms with the same nuclear DNA as other current or existing organisms. Scientists transplant DNA from non-germ cells of living organisms to nucleus-free eggs. This is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Then use the current to influence the egg or treat it chemically as though it were fertilized

Reproductive cloning is the process of cloning the whole organism. First, cells are removed from the organism being cloned. The DNA from the donor cells is then transferred to the egg removal oocyte. Egg cells are "activated" and begin to divide like fertilization. The embryo is produced and then the embryo is transferred to the uterus of a surrogate female. After the conclusion of pregnancy, substitute clones are made. A clone is a genetic copy of an animal collected from the original cell.

Gene cloning can be compared to gene cloning of reproductive cloning, except that it also clones some of the organisms and whole organisms, for example those with the same genetics as the original organisms are cloned. This time for the first time when Dolly became the first clone produced from adult somatic cells using SCNT, the first mammalian clone in the history of science was created. Since cloned mammals are considered mammals, this is a controversial finding that contests, as many people are convinced that cloned mammals are very similar to humans. Therefore, the purpose of disapproval is to highlight the meaning of the clone and the way it threatens human rights. (Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Center for Regenerative Medicine, 2017)