Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)

This frequently quoted place reflects the importance Darwin gave to Malthus in the development of natural selection theory. Darwin's "hit" in the "dissertation" of the "Population Principle" (1798) is an observation by Malthus. There, descendants of animals and plants produce far more than surviving descendants, even if not controlled. There is also the ability to overproduce. Malthus concluded that unless the size of the family is regulated, people suffering from famine will become a worldwide epidemic eventually consuming mankind. Malthus believes that poverty and famine are a natural consequence of population growth and food supply and are not common among social reformers and that if there is a proper social structure that all human diseases can be eradicated thinking about.

Malthus considers famine and poverty as a natural result, but the ultimate cause of these results is a sacred system. He believes this natural result is a way God hinders human beings from being lazy. After reading Malthus, Darwin and Wallace independently reached similar theory of natural selection. Unlike Malthus, they built his principle in a purely natural way in both results and ultimate rationality. By doing so, they did not allow Malthus himself to accept it, but extended the logic of Malthus. They can not survive to create more descendants is to create a competitive environment among brothers and sisters and that the difference between siblings will bring individuals with a slightly higher probability of survival recognize.

Malthus is a political economist and his concern is that the living environment has deteriorated in England in the 19th century. He attributed this decline to three factors: overproduction of young people, resources that can not catch up with population growth, and irresponsibility of lower classes. In order to solve this problem, Malthus suggested that poor families should adjust the family size of the lower class so as to lay more children than they can support. Is this familiar? There is a policy that China has one child per family (However, this applies to all families as well as lower family members)

British political economist Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) wrote a powerful paper titled "On Population Papers". Among them, Malthus has a mathematical increase in production (2, 4, 6, 8, 10), when the population geometrically increases (2, 4, 8, 16, 32), the population of the region and the world Will eventually increase. There is not enough resources to support it. From 800 to 1300, total European production grew steadily. Due to local food shortages many people died of starvation, but the overall living standard of Western Europe rose as the population grew steadily.

Recall that British economist Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) proposed that the population growth rate of the world far exceeds the development of food supply. Malthus proposed an exponential increase in the population, but food production increased linearly. For example. During the Malthus era, only a relatively small number of relatively wealthy countries entered the second stage population growth model with a high population growth rate (see Module 2 for reviews). He did not think the relatively poor countries will make the fastest population increase due to the medical revolution. Many social scientists, even environmentalists, are firm conspirators of Malthus, the forthcoming global food shortage hypothesis, and are taking another step. The increase and consumption of the population can exceed not only food production but all kinds of natural resources on the earth.

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) occupies a position in the history of biology, but he and his contemporaries believe that he is not a biologist but a political economist. Malthus grew up in a revolutionary period and a new philosophy of mankind. He chose a conservative path, accepted sacred orders in 1797 and started writing essays to attack the idea that humans and society can improve as much as possible. The most famous work of Malthus published in 1798 is a paper on the principle of population as it influences future social improvement. Among them, Malthus is doubtful whether or not the country will no longer need the law, and everyone will be able to live with prosperity and harmony preserved. He thinks that the pain inherent in the existence of humans is that the population growth will always exceed the ability to support myself.