Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)

© Hobbes is a British philosopher governed by political philosophy in the 17th century and has great influence even today.

Thomas Hobbs was born in Malmesbury, Wiltshire on April 5, 1588, is the son of a pastor. His father left the family in 1604 and never returned, so wealthy uncle at Oxford sponsored Hobbes' education.

In 1608, Hobbes became a mentor of William Cavendish and later became Earl of Devon. The Cavendish family was a supporter of Hobbes throughout his life. In 1610, Cavendish and Hobbes visited Europe, visited Germany, France, and Italy. After the death of Cavendish, Hobbes won another position but later became a mentor of Cavendish's son. During these years, he traveled to Europe again to meet the astronomer Galileo Galilei and a leading thinker like the philosopher Rene de Carte.

When England was at risk of civil war in 1640, the royalist Hobbes fled to Paris and worried about the long parliamentary response to his writings. He has exiled for 11 years. From 1646 to 1648, Hobbes was the leader of mathematics in Prince Charles of the Wales (future Charles II) and he was an exile as well.

In 1651, the most famous work of Hobbes "Leviathan" or "Commonwealth church and folklore material, form and power" was published. For Hobbes, the only way for humans to get rid of the state of natural fear and violence is to abandon freedom, sign a social contract with others, and accept central authorities. Hobbes believes that monarchy provides the best authority. He also believes that sovereignty is absolute so sovereign must also be a state religious leader. Therefore, he is hostile to the Roman Catholic church.

This made him unpopular with the French authorities and returned to England in 1651. He continues to write, creates works in mathematics, physics and philosophy, and participates in academic controversy. In 1660, his former student returned to the UK as Charles II and gave Hobbes a pension.

In 1666, Congress ordered "Leviathan" to accept the investigation trend of atheists. Hobbes was classified as a heathen and was afraid to burn a lot of his thesis. Charles II mediated on behalf of him, but the condition seems to have not made any further remarks on the political theme Hobbes opened.

In 1672, Hobbes published an autobiography of Latin poetry and a translation of "Iliad" and "Odyssey" from 1675 to 1767. He passed away at the family home of Cavendish at the Hardwick Hall of Derbyshire on 4 December 1679.

Thomas Hobbs (1588-1679) also wrote an article about rhetoric. By shortening the translation of Aristotle's rhetoric, Hobbes also created many other works on this subject. Hobbes, like Bacon, oppose this trend on many topics, but also suggests a simpler and more natural style that rarely uses rhetoric techniques. Perhaps the most influential development of British style came from the work of the Royal Society (founded in 1660), which established a committee to improve English in 1664. Members of the committee include John Evelyn (1620-1706), Thomas Sprat (1635-1713), and John Dryden (1631-1700). Spratt considers "a wonderful story" to be sick and thinks that the appropriate style "refuse all enlargement, derailment, and style expansion" is "to return to original purity and temporary" It is. 1667)

Thomas Hobbs (1588-1679) is a powerful British political philosopher known for his work Leviathan. Among them, Hobbes strongly insists that only a strong government can protect society. He believes that people have signed a social contract with the government to avoid inevitable confusion and inability to live in the "natural state". Hobbes' political philosophy was the foundation of later enlightened thoughters, including Rock, Rousseau, and Kant. Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) is a British economist. He was born in Surrey and is a wealthy family. After receiving education at home, he studied at the University of Cambridge and got a master's degree. His most famous piece is a paper on the main population. Among them, he believes that population growth ultimately runs out of food supply and leads to poverty. Before he died, he was a professor of history and political economics.