The World Wide Phase Out of Leaded Gasoline

The global phase-out of leaded petrol-containing leaded gasoline has proved to be one of the most effective ways to release lead into the environment. Therefore, the presence of leaded gasoline leads to lead poisoning and a lower overall health condition. Taking these facts into account, many countries gradually abolish the use of gasoline and recommend phasing out of leaded gasoline (www.globalleadnet.org/pdf/BPWorldwideenvhealthpriority.02.pdf). The gradual abolition of leaded gasoline has proven to be practical and cost-effective in the phased decommissioning process.

The first such change was the massive introduction of unleaded gasoline in the early 1970s, followed by the lead of leaded gasoline gradually declining (1975 - 1985). Following this, the first phase of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Fuel Volatility Regulation (1989) follows. In 1992 the second phase of these regulations further reduced fuel volatility. These plans resulted in changes in the composition of gasoline. In 1995 the requirements for dealing with ozone incompatibility were also met. Under these regulations, it is mandatory to introduce "recycled gasoline" in the most severe fields of ozone nonconformity. This regulation also includes provisions for other areas of non-compliance with ozone to "include" the plan.

Today's new type gasoline (called "Phase II" new regulation in regulated areas, or called RFG - 2) has 1 to 2 cents more per gallon than the previous "Phase 1" new system, compared with conventional gasoline The impact of the actual consumption of gasoline of 5 to 8 cents and new type of gasoline is related to the robustness in the gasoline market nationwide. This is a very important point. As mentioned earlier, gasoline for ethanol reforming requires its own blend of materials known as "RBOB" in the industry. This is because ethanol is easy to evaporate, unburned fuel vapor is the main cause of smoke. Therefore, the gasoline used for ethanol blending must be specially manufactured to minimize the evaporation rate of ethanol.

The main sources of lead atmospheric emissions are the sources of automobiles and industries. By gradually abolishing leaded petrol it is possible to reduce automobile emissions, but lead is still used for general aviation gasoline for piston engines. Lead released into the atmosphere may be inhaled or ingested mainly by exposure to contaminated soil and other surfaces. When entering the body, lead is distributed throughout the body and accumulates in the bone. Depending on the level of exposure, lead may adversely affect the nervous system, kidney function, immune system, reproductive system and developmental system, and the cardiovascular system. Lead exposure also affects the oxygen carrying capacity of blood