The Use of Recombinant DNA Technology

Application of recombinant DNA technology Recombinant DNA technology is a technique for preparing recombinant DNA in vitro by cleavage of DNA molecules and splicing of fragments from multiple organisms. (1) It is a human protein derived from a single insulin gene using recombinant DNA technology to achieve rapid production. First, the individual genes that are required must be isolated. This can be done in 3 ways. By working in the reverse direction from the protein - by finding the amino acid sequence of the protein of interest the sequence of bases can be established using known genetic code.

The use of recombinant DNA technology to modify the DNA of an organism to achieve desirable properties is called genetic engineering. Addition of exogenous DNA in the form of recombinant DNA vectors produced by molecular cloning is the most common genetic engineering method. The organism receiving the recombinant DNA is called a genetically modified organism (GMO). If the introduced foreign DNA is derived from a different species, the host organism is called a transgene. Since the early 1970's, bacteria, plants and animals have been genetically engineered for academic, medical, agricultural and industrial purposes. These applications are described in detail in the next module.

A transgenic organism represents a genetically modified organism. The genetic material of these organisms has been modified using techniques commonly referred to as recombinant DNA technology. Recombinant DNA technology is the ability to combine DNA molecules from different sources. Therefore, the genes of the organism are altered and modified. The concept of genetically modified organisms was originally created in 1973 by Stanley H. Cohen and Herbert Boyer. This idea was made to a different level by Rudolf Jaenisch in 1974; he successfully used retroviral vectors to insert leukemia genes into early mouse embryos.

In the 1970s and 1980s, achievement of results by many other techniques, including but not limited to expression of recombinant proteins, directed evolutionary bacterial engineering, genetic material used to modify model organisms, etc. Enabled. With the advent of the Human Genome Project and high-throughput sequencing, a shocking database filled with sequencing of the human genome that recognizes genetic markers of diseases was born. In addition, the outbreak of "Omics" era, including proteomics, has enabled the identification of numerous drug targets.