The Urban Underclass Depicted in Alex Kotiowitz’s Book, There are no Children Here

Alex Kotiowitz 's book "There is no child here" concerns the race, values, and community responsibility of the lower class of the city. The downtown area of ​​the United States deals with issues such as violent crime and drug warfare. Due to these two explosive problems, the community experienced a spiral of social separation, unemployment, and reliance on welfare. Two black boys, Lafeyette, who was struggling to grow in Chicago's worst residential project, Pharach, age 10 and 7, followed.

Lower classes usually occupy certain areas of the city. Therefore, the lower class concept is very popular in urban sociology, especially in the description of urban poverty. In most cases the terms "lower class" and "lower class" are used interchangeably. Research on rights after civil rights The African-American community usually includes discussion of lower classes. Especially in the United States, many of the lower class works are city centered. William Julius Wilson 's book' The Meaning of Race Decline '(1978) and' Real Weakness' (1987) are popular words of the lower class of black cities. Wilson defines the lower class as "the lowest population of the social class suffering from low education and low wage professions".

Wilson's innovative work was to create the lower class of the city from the 1970s to the 1980s. He pointed out that the major social and economic changes in the United States concentrated collectively social and economic disadvantages of various forms into social isolation, in particular the poor, black and urban communities did.

For Wilson, the reason for the lower class is structural. In the "real weak" group, Wilson emphasized that a series of factors in the second half of the 20th century resulted in a continued increase in urban population. Factors listed include migration from production economy to service economy (including non-industrialization), and offshoring of labor not only in the industrial sector but also in the majority of the rest of the service sector, but limited to these It will not be. These factors were exacerbated by the middle class and the outflow from the city center to the upper class (first known as "white flight", but later studied middle class which is more black). Urban center) and low skill club (suburb)