The Universe in a Cultural Context by Gumerman and Warburton

In the article by Gumerman, George J., and Warburton, Miranda's "Cosmos in Cultural Background: Thesis", John W Fountain and Sinclair, Rolf M (ed.) Current Archeology Studies: Cross Dialogue and Time Space, Durham North Carolina. Carolina Academic Press, 2005, pp 15-24, authors Gumerman and Warburton advocate the value of integrating archeological and anthropological fields into archeological studies and not to use the results of mutual research I am seeking. Promote integration areas.

The cultural background was first proposed in the interpretation of the concept of "context" by anthropologist Malinowski. The background is divided into context and cultural context. It can also distinguish between linguistic and social situations. Contextual interventions (such as cultural background, emotional scenes, time and space environments, etc.) tend to make monosyllic the polysemy of language symbols on one hand, on the other hand, make language symbols more than budget, We will accumulate the meaning of. The contextual meaning obscures the meaning of the language symbols themselves, even even becoming the main message of communication. The context also controls the selection of the communicator's language symbols. The so-called contextual meaning means the meaning of language symbols in the context, including giving meanings and explaining meanings.

High contextual culture and low contextual culture are the terms used to describe culture based on the clarity of the information being exchanged and the importance of the context in communication. These concepts were first introduced in the book "Beyond Culture" published by Anthropologist Edward T. Hall in 1976. According to Mr. Hall, in low-context culture, information is explained by words (whether or not described) and their explicit meaning. The responsibility to understand is the sender of the information and they must make efforts to be clear and comprehensive. In high context culture, messages are interpreted using speech, gesture, silence or implicit meaning, and background or context. There, recipients should use context, information and cultural norms to understand the information.

Hall 2 (1977) proposed a concept of high and low context culture as a way to understand different cultural orientation. In a low-context culture, the information must be clear, and in a high-context culture, less information is required for verbal information. In a low-context culture like Northern Europe, people's words are unreliable and need to be written. Meanwhile, in a culture with a high context such as Japan and the Middle East, words are their connection. This is mainly a question of trust