The Two Major Causes of the Urban Underclass

SOC 456 Two main reasons for the lower class of cities In the United States and many other wealthy industrialized industrialized countries there is a lower class of cities defined as a group of low-income families. There is little or no participation in the labor force (Gilbert 2003, p. 274). Currently there are mainly two very different inconsistent views on why there is a lower class. On the other hand, the lower class is the result of its members, there is awareness that it lacks value and morality and promotes unemployment (Whitman and Thornton, 1986).

Lower classes usually occupy certain areas of the city. Therefore, the lower class concept is very popular in urban sociology, especially in the description of urban poverty. In most cases the terms "lower class" and "lower class" are used interchangeably. Research on rights after civil rights The African-American community usually includes discussion of lower classes. Especially in the United States, many of the lower class works are city centered. William Julius Wilson 's book' The Meaning of Race Decline '(1978) and' Real Weakness' (1987) are popular words of the lower class of black cities. Wilson defines the lower class as "the lowest population of the social class suffering from low education and low wage professions".

For Wilson, the reason for the lower class is structural. In the "real weak" group, Wilson emphasized that a series of factors in the second half of the 20th century resulted in a continued increase in urban population. Factors mentioned include, but are not limited to, transition from production economy to service economy (including non-industrialization) and offshoring of labor not only in the industrial sector but also in most of the remaining service sectors It will not be. These factors were exacerbated by the middle class and the outflow from the city center to the upper class (first known as "white flight", but later studied middle class which is more black). Urban center) and low skill club (suburb)

As well as the problem of definition and identification of subclasses, the underlying causes of "subclass problems" and suggested solutions are also the focus of discussion. Discussions on lower class diagnosis and prescription often reflect more discussion about poverty in the first world. However, in many studies on specific concepts of subclasses, several specific reasons and solutions have been proposed. Some of these proposals, including suggestions developed by William Julius Wilson, Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton, Lawrence M. Mead and Ken Auletta, are listed below. The research of these authors will certainly not produce a detailed list of suggested reasons or solutions for lower phases, but to say that they are social scientists' most frequently read recommendations I can do it. The reasons and solutions that Wilson and Meade emphasized in particular have been controversial