The Tree of life: Genetic Sequencing and Evolutionary Biology

The diversity and unity of life is equally meaningful and convincing aspect for our planet (Dobzhansky, 1973). A surprising 2 million species have been confirmed, but an estimated 7 million species have not yet been discovered and classified (Mora et al., 2011). Understanding what we unite - by understanding our genes, our understanding of living things that share our planet will continue to grow. Genome sequencing is the process of determining the exact sequence of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.

The history of life is a generic term for a series of fitness-related events and processes that occur in an individual's life, such as growth, survival, breeding. Life history theory is a field of ecology and evolutionary biology aimed at predicting and explaining patterns found in the life history of biology.

With the establishment of evolutionary biology, studies of mutations and genetic diversity in the natural population combined with biogeography and phylogenetic taxonomy led to complex mathematical and causal evolution models. Paleontology and comparative anatomy will enable a more detailed reconstruction of the evolutionary history of life. After molecular genetics emerged in the 1950's, the field of molecular evolution was developed based on protein sequence and immunological test, followed by RNA and DNA studies. In the 1960s, a neutral theory of molecular evolution, which led to discussion about genetic drift and natural selection as the cause of adaptive evolution, selection unit, and evolutionary genetic center evolution, followed by It continued. In the latter half of the 20th century DNA sequencing reorganized molecular phylogeny and life tree into the Carl Woese 3 domain system.

Given its importance in the biology of the 20th century, the remarkable fact about evolutionary biology is that there is little evolutionary biology sector (eg genetics) in most of this century 3 Important. It is a serious contradiction between Mendelian genetics and Darwin's evolutionary biology in the first one third of this century. There are many aspects of this conflict, including intellectuals and institutions. 4 I gave a rough explanation of some of the differences involved. Some of them actually follow the early Mendelian who needed to use mutations with great effect. In fact, since all known mutations were effective at the beginning, Mendelian considered this mutation as a standard and laid the foundation for the formation of new species. In contrast, most natural historians and Darwinists claim that there are no major mutations.