The Tragedy of the Commons and Collective Action

The problem of commons tragedy and collective behavior is two important concepts in the political science community. Their behavior assumes that a person is a reasonable person and he will act for his own interests. Humanity diversity means that everyone has its own idea of ​​how society functions and how people should live. (Haywood) This inevitably brings about a difference. It is where political intervention is taking place. Aristotle expressed politics as "major science", "human activities aiming to improve living and create a good society". Through the tragedies of commons and collective behavior, you can see how politics will happen.

Common tragedy Collectively discussed issues of collective behavior include public pond resources (eg, oil, gas, fish resources or pasture lands, whether they are not owned or shared) . As long as there are no other factors to change the numerical values ​​in the matrix, the result of economic rationality in this case is not the best use of resources - usually resource exhaustion. This result is called the House tragedy.

"One of the situations of shared resource systems is that individual users act independently according to their own interests and consume or destroy resources through collective actions, which violates the common interests of all users "Personal users" are pushing notifications based on their interests and developing applications that compromise the possibility of "public" such as the environment's home screen, notifications, and the status of the application, which is not the user's device It is a person.

How can these problems be solved if the environmental problem is a group action that may be affected by "the tragedy of commons"? The traditional solution to this kind of problem is to reorganize the calculations of individual cost benefit calculations so that reasonable decision making no longer leads to exhaustion or destruction unavoidable (Hardin, 1968, p. 1247; Ostrom, 1990; Vogler, 2012, p. 189). 175 pages) Regulating commons - managing who has access rights, access rights, or how to allocate limited resources - reorganizes the decision making process and reorganizes the decision making process Provide the basis for combining the rationality of a group. Harding called this process "mutual coercion of mutual agreement" (p. 1247) and explained how the concept of "common land" changed with the passage of time.