The Three Most Common Pathologic Fractures

In any case, the pathological fracture described in 2013 occurred due to the low energy impact of the existing abnormally weak bone area. An example of a pathological fracture is a fragile fracture, which is a general clinical symptom of osteoporosis. The three most common fragile fractures are hip fractures, vertebral fractures and coles fractures. Recent studies have shown that one of the biggest causes of fractures in elderly people is a reduction in standing height (Amin, Achenbach, Atkinson, Khosla, and Melton, 2013). This is based on the definition of the vulnerability fracture of the National Osteoporosis Foundation.

Tibial fracture is the most common fracture of long bones. Annual incidence of long fracture open fracture is estimated at 11.5 persons per 100,000 people, 40% of which occur in the lower limbs. The most common lower limb fracture occurs in the humeral trunk. Isolated central or proximal humeral fractures are not common. Childhood fractures (spiral fractures at the distal radius) are most common for children from 9 months to 3 years. Most complication-free infant fractures of the humerus do not require intervention or follow-up by an orthopedic surgeon. In the 51-month National Child Injury Registry study on children and adolescents with septal syndrome, 133 cases were identified. The number of boys exceeds the number of girls 4 to 1, the median age is 12, the maximum incidence is 10 to 14 years old.

Coles fracture is the most common type of distal tibial fracture, seen in all adult age groups and demographics. They are most common to elderly women, as they are particularly common in osteoporotic patients. The relationship between Coles fracture and osteoporosis is very strong, and if older male patients suffer from Corres fractures, the risk of hip fractures increases, so it is necessary to investigate osteoporosis. There are many classification systems for distal forearm fractures. . The most common is the Frykman classification system, but because it is based on AP radiograph 2-3, the fractures of Smith and Colles are not distinguished. Therefore, in clinical practice, in most cases the use of the term Koles fracture and a proper explanation of the associated damage are sufficient.